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Author Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A.; Blomqvist, L.
Title Further observations on the multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in the snow leopard, Panthers uncia Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 139-144
Keywords observations; multiple; Coloboma; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Syndrome; eye; colobomatous; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; Case; zoo; factor
Abstract The first observation of the occurrence of multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in a snow leopard was reported in the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Volume I in 1978 (1). The lesions in this syndrome consist of coloboma of the upper eye lid and uveal coloboma of the globe. Even colobomatous retinal cysts and retinal dysplasia have been noted. The ethiology of in all ten cases of MOC in the snow leopards kept at the Helsinki Zoo were described and discussed in detail in Volume II of the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (2,3). Three cases of MOC in the snow leopards kept at Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, Ne., have been described by Phillips (4), one case is known of in Amsterdam (van Bree, personal communication), and two cases in Zoo Zurich (Isenbugel and Weilenmann, pers. comm.) The ethiology of the defect is still not known although various theories ranging from genetic to exogenous factors have been presented.
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 982 Serial 1000
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Author Wahlberg, C.
Title Autopsy findings and causes of death in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia): a preliminary report Type Book Chapter
Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 205-217
Keywords Autopsy; Death; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Report; International; pedigree
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1095 Serial 998
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Author Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A.
Title On the multiple ocular coloboma with retinal dysplasia (MOC) in snow leopards, Pantera uncia Type Book Chapter
Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 183-194
Keywords multiple; Coloboma; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1096 Serial 999
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Author Weilenmann, P.
Title First experiences in keeping snow leopards in the Zurich Zoo Type Book Chapter
Year 1978 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 Issue Pages 35-43
Keywords International; pedigree; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1042 Serial 1013
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Author Weilemann P.
Title Experiences in births of snow leopards in Zurich Zoo Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 111-116
Keywords birth; captive; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1043 Serial 1012
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Author Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P.
Title Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia Type Report
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-170
Keywords steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; study; threat; populations; population; areas; area; fur; fur trade; fur-trade; game; meat; hunting; Chain; impact; biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; conservation; rural; livelihood; Wildlife-Management; management; survey; survey methods; methods; history; action; International; enforcement; domestic; community-based; approach
Abstract The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection.
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Publisher World Bank Place of Publication Washington, D.C. Editor East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department
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Notes Mongolian version. English language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1079 Serial 1026
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Author Worley, M.B.
Title Hypogammaglobulinemia in snow leopards Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 129-130
Keywords captive; hypogammaglobulinemia; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1045 Serial 1029
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Author Worley, M.B.
Title Chronic liver disease in snow leopards: A possible viral etiology Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 131-133
Keywords captive; Chronic; Disease; etiology; International; Liver; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary; Viral; zoo
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1046 Serial 1030
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Author Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Mardan
Title Snow Leopard Survey in Tumor Nature Reserve, Xingjiang Type Miscellaneous
Year 2005 Publication Sichuan Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 608-610
Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; nature; reserve; national; Xinjiang; China; sign; big; cat; spray; distribution; population; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; river; area; Tomur; transects; transect; scrapes; scrape; feces; areas; valley
Abstract Snow leopard survey was conducted in Oct-Nov 2004 at Tumor National Natural Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Because of its special living style, the snow leopard is difficult to observe by sight. Signs left by snow leopard become a good index to prove the existance of the big cat. There are mainly five kinds of signs, footprints, fectes, claw rakes and urine spray. From them we can know the distribution, probably population and habitat selection of snow leopard. This time in Tumor we investigated 5 difference places: Pochenzi in Mozat River area, Boxidun in Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyer in Tomur River area, Kurgan and Taglak in Quiong Tailan River area. 42 transects were run in this trip and a total of 57 signs found. Among them, footprints amounted to 71.9%, scrapes 21.1%, and feces 7.0%. The results showed that the big cat existed in Yinyer, Kurgan and Taglak areas and liked to select their habitat in the valley and didn't like to live in barren areas.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 873 Serial 1034
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Author Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Chundawat R.S.; Marden; Nui, Y.
Title Preliminary Study on the Habitat Selection of Uncia uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 23 Issue Pages 471-473
Keywords study; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Chinese; research; large; species; extinction; Felidae; central; mountains; mountain; Xinjiang; Tianshan Mountains; Altay; national; nature; reserve; fieldwork; sign; grazing; status; Test; analysis; primary; factor; topography; valley
Abstract Uncia uncia is one of the rare large species on the brink of extinction in Felidae in the world, and inhabit only the Central Asian mountains. It is said that there are currently only 4500-7300 Uncia uncia surviving. During the period from September 2004 to July 2005, the habitat selection of Uncia uncia was investigated in some mountains in Xinjiang, including the eastern Tianshan Mountains, Beita Mountains, Altay Mounts and Mount Tumor National Nature Reserve. In several months of fieldwork, we got 171 sign samples of Uncia uncia and 123 random samples in total. Five habitat features, i.e., the elevation, topographic features, vegetation type, grazing status and ruggedness, are selected to compare the difference of selectivity of the Uncia uncia habitat selection. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the binomial test are used to check the significance of Uncia uncia habitat selection, and the principal component analysis is used to find the primary factors in in the selection. The result s are as follows : (1) Uncia uncia selected all kinds of the habitat types , especially the elevation , topography , vegetation types and ruggedness ; (2) Ruggedness and the vegetation types are the preliminary factors for the habitat selection. Topography is the secondary factor ; (3) Uncia uncia prefer to inhabit in the rugged habitat s with moderate shrubberies , and they also like to leave signs in valley bottoms rather than hillsides.
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Notes Full text available in ChineseName of periodical: Arid Zone Research Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 871 Serial 1036
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Author Zahler, P.; Graham, P.
Title War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment Type Report
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-10
Keywords war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report
Abstract The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog.
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor
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Notes ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 975 Serial 1067
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Author Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q.
Title Population density and habitat utilization of ibex in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China Type Miscellaneous
Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords densities; density; habitat; habitat utilization; ibex; national; nature; population; Population-Density; Tomur
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 867 Serial 1037
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Author Hanson, J. H.
Title Household Conflicts with Snow Leopard Conservation and Impacts from Snow Leopards in the Everest and Annapurna Regions of Nepal Type Journal Article
Year Publication Environmental Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1 of 12
Keywords Human-wildlife conflict, Annapurna conservation area, Sagarmatha national park, South asia, Human-wildlife coexistence, Carnivores
Abstract Impacts on households from large carnivores are frequently reported in the conservation literature, but conflicts between households and large carnivore conservation are not. Employing a human-wildlife coexistence framework that distinguishes between human-wildlife impacts on one hand, and human-conservation conflicts on the other, this paper presents data from Annapurna Conservation Area and Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal, each with different models of conservation governance. Using systematic sampling, quantitative information from 705 households was collected via questionnaires, while 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants for cross-methods triangulation. 7.7% of households reported conflicts with snow leopard conservation in the previous 12 months, primarily due to damage to livelihoods; these were significantly higher in the Annapurna region. 373 livestock were reported lost by households to snow leopards in the previous 12 months, representing 3.4% of total livestock owned and US$ 132,450 in financial value. Livestock losses were significantly lower in the Everest area. In linear regression models, total household livestock losses to all sources best explained conflicts with snow leopard conservation and household livestock losses to snow leopards but the models for the former dependent variable had very low explanatory power. Conservation in general, and large carnivore conservation in particular, should distinguish carefully between impacts caused by coexistence with these species and conflicts with conservation actors and over the methods and interventions used to conserve carnivores, especially where these negatively impact local livelihoods. In addition, livestock husbandry standards are highlighted again as an important factor in the success of carnivore conservation programmes.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1679
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Author Li,J., Xue, Y., Hacker, C. E., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Cong, W., Jin, L., Li, G., Wu, B., Li, D., Zhang,Y.
Title Projected impacts of climate change on snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province, China Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 11 Pages 17202-17218
Keywords adaptive strategies, habitat corridors, National park, suitable habitat, vulnerability
Abstract Assessing species’ vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to reduce emerging climate-related threats. We used the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt model) to assess potential changes in suitable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Qinghai Province, China, under a mild climate change scenario. Our results showed that the area of suitable snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province was 302,821 km2 under current conditions and 228,997 km2 under the 2050s climatic scenario, with a mean upward shift in elevation of 90 m. At present, nature reserves protect 38.78% of currently suitable habitat and will protect 42.56% of future suitable habitat. Current areas of climate refugia amounted to 212,341 km2 and are mainly distributed in the Sanjiangyuan region, Qilian mountains, and surrounding areas. Our results provide valuable information for formulating strategies to meet future conservation challenges brought on by climate stress. We suggest that conservation efforts in Qinghai Province should focus on protecting areas of climate refugia and on maintaining or building corridors when planning for future species management.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1685
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Author Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Yadong, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y. Li, D.
Title Analysis of Conservation Gaps and Landscape Connectivity for Snow Leopard in Qilian Mountains of China Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Sustainability Abbreviated Journal 1-13
Volume 14 Issue 1638 Pages
Keywords national park; protection gap; landscape connectivity; habitat suitability
Abstract Human modification and habitat fragmentation have a substantial influence on large carnivores, which need extensive, contiguous habitats to survive in a landscape. The establishment of protected areas is an effective way to offer protection for carnivore populations by buffering them from anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we used MaxEnt to model habitat suitability and to identify conservation gaps for snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Qilian Mountains of China, and then assessed the impact of highways/railways and their corridors on habitat connectivity using a graph-based landscape connectivity model. Our results indicated that the study area had 51,137 km2 of potentially suitable habitat for snow leopards and that there were four protection gaps outside of Qilian Mountain National Park. The findings revealed that the investigated highway and railway resulted in a decrease in connectivity at a regional scale, and that corridor development might enhance regional connectivity, which strengthens the capacity of central habitat patches to act as stepping stones and improve connections between western and eastern habitat patches. This study emphasized the need for assessing the impact of highways and railways, as well as their role in corridor development, on species’ connectivity. Based on our results, we provide some detailed recommendations for designing protection action plans for effectively protecting snow leopard habitat and increasing habitat connectivity.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1686
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Author Feng, X., Peng, Q., Chen, Y., Li, W.
Title A Case Study of the Snow Leopard in Sanjiangyuan National Park Boundaries regarding Park Boundary Divergence Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Land Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 813 Pages 1-15
Keywords boundary divergence; national park; global warming; snow leopard; Sanjiangyuan National Park
Abstract This paper uses remote sensing data from the Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP) to explore the divergence between the boundaries of national parks and the distribution of natural habitats. Results are used to argue that these discrepancies evolve along with the potential impact of global warming. Using the example of the habitat change of snow leopards and the conflicts between local people and snow leopards, we reflect on the consequences of this divergence. Results show that divergence between the political boundaries and natural habitats as well as the consequent influence on the living conditions of local people are strikingly visible, and the effects of global warming on such conflicts are apparent. The authors conclude that both notions of ‘political boundaries’ and ‘natural habitats’ are expected to come together as the SNP region is spatially configured, while ‘global warming’ seems to be relevant as an essential reference when delimiting the region in the future. Finally, the proposal for the establishment of cooperative conservation areas is presented,

emphasizing the role of cooperative governance in/around national parks.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1687
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Author Ismaili, R. R. R., Peng, X., Li., Y, Ali, A., Ahmad, T., Rahman, A. U., Ahmad, S., Shi, K.
Title Modeling Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in Yanchiwan National Reserve, China Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 1938 Pages 1-21
Keywords snow leopard; maximum entropy modeling; Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve; species conservation; environmental impact
Abstract Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive predators inhabiting high-altitude and mountainous rugged habitats. The current study was conducted in the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China, to assess the habitat suitability of snow leopards and identify key environmental factors inducing their distribution. Field data collected between 2019 and 2022 through scat sampling and camera trapping techniques provided insights into snow leopard habitat preferences. Spatial distribution and cluster analyses show distinct hotspots of high habitat suitability, mostly concentrated near mountainous landscapes. While altitude remains a critical determinant, with places above 3300 m showing increased habitat suitability, other factors such as soil type, human footprint, forest cover, prey availability, and human disturbance also play important roles. These variables influence ecological dynamics and are required to assess and manage snow leopard habitats. The MaxEnt model has helped us to better grasp these issues, particularly the enormous impact of human activities on habitat suitability. The current study highlights the importance of altitude in determining snow leopard habitat preferences and distribution patterns in the reserve. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of considering elevation in conservation planning and management strategies for snow leopards, particularly in mountainous regions. By combining complete environmental data with innovative modeling tools, this study not only improves local conservation efforts but also serves as a model for similar wildlife conservation initiatives around the world. By understanding the environmental factors driving snow leopard distribution, conservation efforts can be more efficiently directed to ensure the long-term survival of this endangered species. This study provides valuable insights for evidence-based conservation efforts to safeguard the habitats of snow leopards amidst emerging anthropogenic pressure and environmental fluctuations.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1751
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Author Ale, S.B., Boesi, R.
Title Snow Leopard Sightings on the Top of the World Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 43 Pages 19-20
Keywords Mt.Everest, Sagarmatha National Park, sightings, snow leopard, Uncia uncia
Abstract Sightings of snow leopards Uncia uncia in the wild are rare. This is because snow leopards occur in low numbers and are very elusive (Schaller 1977). Snow leopards may be sparsely distributed,but they may not, however, be very elusive in the world's highest park, Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (86° 30' 53“ E to 86° 99' 08” E and 27° 46' 19“ N to 27° 06' 45” N) in Nepal.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1111
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Author Anonymous
Title Toward a free-ranging recovery plan Type Manuscript
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-14
Keywords International Snow Leopard Symposium, recovery plan, snow leopard
Abstract This draft is a first attempt to develop a Snow Leopard Recovery Plan, for consideration at the Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium. It is intended as a working base for agencies responsible for snow leopard conservation, research and management. The plan, when thoroughly reviewed and revised, will provide more accurate estimates of snow leopard status and threats, and recommendations concerning actions necessary for the maintenance, enhancement and recovery of the snow leopard in its original habitat.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1133
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Author Dhungel, S.K.
Title A glimpse of Sagarmatha: world's highest national park Type Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal
Volume IX Issue 2 Pages 11-14
Keywords International-Snow-Leopard-Trust, Sagarmatha, Mt. Everest, Nepal
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1210
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Author Farrington, J.
Title A Report on Protected Areas, Biodiversity, and Conservation in the Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan with Brief Notes on the Kyrgyzstan Pamir-Alai and the Tian Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China Type Book Whole
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-276
Keywords Report; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; biodiversity; conservation; Kyrgyzstan; Tian; Tian-Shan; shan; Pamir-Alai; mountains; mountain; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China; environmental; study; former; soviet; central; Central Asia; asia; land; Forest; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; Chinese; range; republic; wildlife; International; research; land-use; land use; recent; inner; project; ecological; Middle; Middle Asia; Organization; awareness; region; preserve; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; potential; community; Biodiversity conservation; Xinjiang; information; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; protection; flora; fauna; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; endemic; plants; plant; history; Southern; survey; protect; river; heart
Abstract Kyrgyzstan is a land of towering mountains, glaciers, rushing streams, wildflowercovered meadows, forests, snow leopards, soaring eagles, and yurt-dwelling nomads. The entire nation lies astride the Tian Shan1, Chinese for “Heavenly Mountains”, one of the world's highest mountain ranges, which is 7439 m (24,400 ft) in elevation at its highest point. The nation is the second smallest of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. In

spite of Kyrgyzstan's diverse wildlife and stunning natural beauty, the nation remains little known, and, as yet, still on the frontier of international conservation efforts. The following report is the product of 12 months of research into the state of conservation and land-use in Kyrgyzstan. This effort was funded by the Fulbright Commission of the U.S. State Department, and represents the most recent findings of the author's personal environmental journey through Inner Asia, which began in 1999. When I first started my preliminary research for this project, I was extremely surprised to learn that, even though the Tian Shan Range has tremendous ecological significance for conservation efforts in middle Asia, there wasn't a single major international conservation organization with an office in the former Soviet Central Asian republics. Even more surprising was how little awareness there is of conservation issues in the Tian Shan region amongst conservation workers in neighboring areas who are attempting to preserve similar species assemblages and ecosystems to those found in the Tian Shan. Given this lack of awareness, and the great potential for the international community to make a positive contribution towards improving the current state of biodiversity conservation in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia, I have summarized my findings on protected areas and conservation in Kyrgyzstan and the Tian Shan of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang in the chapters below. The report begins with some brief background information on geography and society in the Kyrgyz Republic, followed by an overview of biodiversity and the state of conservation in the nation, which at the present time closely parallels the state of conservation in the other former Soviet Central Asian republics. Part IV of the report provides a catalog of all major protected areas in Kyrgyzstan and the other Tian Shan nations, followed by a list of sites in Kyrgyzstan that are as yet unprotected but merit protection. In the appendices the reader will find fairly comprehensive species lists of flora and fauna found in the Kyrgyz Republic, including lists of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, trees and shrubs, wildflowers, and endemic plants. In addition, a

draft paper on the history and current practice of pastoral nomadism in Kyrgyzstan has been included in Appendix A. While the research emphasis for this study was on eastern Kyrgyzstan, over the course of the study the author did have the opportunity to make brief journeys to southern Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang. While falling short of being a definitive survey of protected areas of the Tian Shan, the informational review which

follows is the first attempt at bringing the details of conservation efforts throughout the entire Tian Shan Range together in one place. It is hoped that this summary of biodiversity and conservation in the Tian Shan will generate interest in the region amongst conservationists, and help increase efforts to protect this surprisingly unknown range that forms an island of meadows, rivers, lakes, and forests in the arid heart of Asia.
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Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Kyrgyzstan Editor
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Notes Fulbright Fellow – Environmental Studies, Kyrgyzstan, Former Soviet Central Asia 2003-2004 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1060 Serial 269
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Author Green, M.
Title A check-list and some notes concerning the mammlas of the Langtang National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Abbreviated Journal
Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 77-87
Keywords snow leopard, Langtang National Park, Nepal
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1227
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Author Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Lama, R.P., Aryal, A., Dhakal, M.
Title Local attitudes to the proposed translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Fauna & Flora International Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-7
Keywords Attitudes, blue sheep, human&wildlife conflict, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, Sagarmatha National Park, snow leopard, translocation
Abstract Translocations are an important tool for the conservation

of biodiversity, but although ecological feasibility

studies are frequently conducted prior to implementation,

social feasibility studies that consider how local communities

perceive such projects are less common. The translocation

of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National

Park, Nepal, has been proposed, to reduce livestock depredation

by snow leopards Panthera uncia by providing an alternative

prey base in addition to the small population of

Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus. This study used

systematic sampling, a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative

interviews within the Park to provide data on the social

viability of the proposed translocation. Quantitative

analysis revealed moderate levels of support but qualitative

analysis suggested that there are significant concerns about

the proposal. In addition,multiple regression analysis found

that women and livestock owners were significantly less

supportive, although the model had low explanatory

power. Potential crop damage and competition for forage

were frequently cited as concerns, especially amongst

those with a high level of dependence on natural resources.

Given the mixed response to the proposed translocation of

blue sheep to the Everest region, alleviating the reservations

of local residents is likely to be key to any further consultation,

planning or implementation.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1475
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Author Jackson. R
Title Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets Type Book Chapter
Year 2012 Publication Springer Science and Business Media Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 357-380
Keywords Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation
Abstract Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color.

Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing

rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively

low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse

biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive

as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires

carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing

competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally

friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods.

This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster

sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting

herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms

and wildlife disturbance or poaching).

When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife,

conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and

build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government

and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism

sectors).
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1393
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Author Sharma, R., Dutta, T.
Title Sighting of Lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus) in Hemis National Park, Ladakh. Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Zoos's Print Abbreviated Journal
Volume XX Issue 4 Pages 14
Keywords Ladakh, leopard, Lynx lynx, Lynx lynx isabellinus, National Park, sighting, snow leopard
Abstract We had a good sighting of two adult and one sub adult lynx together, near Ganda-la

base which is at an elevation of 4900 meter, in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, during our fieldwork on Snow leopards in February 2004.The two adults lynx were moving closer and following each other, while the sub-adult lynx was a little far from the adults.
Address
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1126
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