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	Author	Mallon, D. P., Jackson, R. M.
	Title	A downlist is not a demotion: Red List status and reality			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-5
	Keywords	Cryptic, IUCN Red List, Panthera uncia, population estimate, snow leopard, species assessment
	Abstract	Assessments of biodiversity status are needed to track trends, and the IUCN Red List has become the accepted global standard for documenting the extinction risk of species. Obtaining robust data on population size is an essential component of any assessment of a species� status, including assessments for the IUCN Red List. Obtaining such estimates is complicated by methodological and logistical issues, which are more pronounced in the case of cryptic species, such as the snow leopard Panthera uncia. Estimates of the total population size of this species have, to date, been based on little more than guesstimates, but a comprehensive summary of recent field research indicates that the conservation status of the snow leopard may be less dire than previously thought. A revised categorization, from Endangered to Vulnerable, on the IUCN Red List was proposed but met some opposition, as did a recent, similar recategorization of the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Possible factors motivating such attitudes are discussed. Downlisting on the IUCN Red List indicates that the species concerned is further from extinction, and is always to be welcomed, whether resulting from successful conservation intervention or improved knowledge of status and trends. Celebrating success is important to reinforce the message that conservation works, and to incentivize donors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1460
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	Author	Manati, A.R.
	Title	Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	125
	Keywords	fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners. Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years. From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan. The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible. In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Köln	Place of Publication	Germany	Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1123
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	Author	Rodgers, T. W.,Janecka, J. E.
	Title	Applications and techniques for non-invasive faecal genetics research in felid conservation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Conservation . Elusive species . Faecal DNA . Felidae . Non-invasive genetics
	Abstract	Non-invasive genetic techniques utilising DNA extracted from faeces hold great promise for felid conservation research. These methods can be used to establish species distributions, model habitat requirements, analyse diet, estimate abundance and population density, and form the basis for population, landscape and conservation genetic analyses. Due to the elusive nature of most felid species, non-invasive genetic methods have the potential to provide valuable data that cannot be obtained with traditional observational or capture techniques. Thus, these methods are particularly valuable for research and conservation of endangered felid species. Here, we review recent studies that use non-invasive faecal genetic techniques to survey or study wild felids; provide an overview of field, laboratory and analysis techniques; and offer suggestions on how future non-invasive genetic studies can be expanded or improved to more effectively support conservation.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1430
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	Author	Sivolobov, R.
	Title	ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	225-233
	Keywords	endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka
	Abstract	After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? � will show further studies. In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age � the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these animals his life and his article devoted to this topic.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1456
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	Author	Abdulnazarov A.G.
	Title	About status of the Red Book vertebrates in the Zorkul nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	5-6
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Zorkul nature reserve; Pamir argali; rare species; snow leopard; 5750; Russian
	Abstract	In the nature reserve, there are 18 animal species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Tajikistan including 8 mammal species, one of which, snow leopard, is in the Red List of IUCN. There are 10 Red Book bird species in the nature reserve. Pamir argali is represented by several dozens of isolated groups. No encounters of Tien Shan brown bear, dhole and lynx have been reported in the nature reserve over the last years. A total number of mountain geese were about 400, in the year 2001. Mongolian saker falcon was met twice. Two golden eagles and six lammergeyers were found too.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic features of biological diversity. Proceedings of the second international scientific conference.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 555			Serial	21
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	Author	Abdunazarov B.B.
	Title	Composition, structure and population of rare terrene vertebrate animals and their conservation perspectives in the nature reserves of Uzbekistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	182-184
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; protected areas; vertebrates; endangered species; snow leopard.; 5800; Russian
	Abstract	An attempt of analyzing the role of Uzbekistan' nature reserves in conservation of gene pool of the rare and endangered terrene vertebrate fauna is done. Of 21 rare vertebrate species, 11 mammal species, eight nesting bird species and two reptile species were detected to inhabit seven nature reserves. This makes up 36.2 percent within the total number of species included in the Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR or 3.7 percent of the country's fauna. Single snow leopards were found in the Chatkal and Hissar nature reserves. Data of the species inhabiting the Zaamin nature reserve needs to be verified.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The nature reserves of the USSR the present and future.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 560			Serial	27
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	Author	Abdunazarov B.B.
	Title	Rare and endangered animal species in the Kashkadaraya region			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	3
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Kashkadarya region; rare species; mammals; birds; reptiles; fishes; snow leopard.; 5760; Russian
	Abstract	41 percent of all vertebrate species listed in the Red Book of the Uzbek SSR (18 mammal species, 29 bird, 6 reptile, and 8 fish species) inhabit the Kashkadarya region. The mammals are Tien Shan brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, and goitered gazelle. Nesting bird fauna includes the following species: black stork, Turkistan white stork, short toed eagle, booted eagle, golden eagle, bearded vulture, black vulture, griffon vulture, saker falcon, houbara bustard, and eagle owl. Migrating and wintering bird species are dalmatian pelican, rose pelican, mute swan, osprey, tawny eagle, imperial eagle, pin-tailed sandgrouse; and possibly Bonnli's eagle and Barbary falcon that have not been seen here since 1950-s. Rare reptiles are represented by two species: desert monitor and Central Asian cobra.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Behavioral ecology (Animals and soil ecology).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 556			Serial	23
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	Author	Abzalov A.A.
	Title	Game management development			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1974	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	20 24
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; hunting farm; zakaznik; nature conservation; game species; snow leopard.; 5860; Russian
	Abstract	An issue of wildlife conservation in game preserves, forestries, and sanctuaries is discussed. In some regions of Uzbekistan there are various protected wildlife areas preserving unique and game species: marchor in the Kugitan hunting farm, Bukhara deer the Bukhara region, bear and snow leopard, argali, ibex, wild-boars, snow-cock, partridge, eagle, etc. in the Miraki hunting farm, pheasants in the Karadara forestry. To restore and upgrade the game management level in the country it is required to properly create game preserves, enlarge reproduction activity, strictly follow rules and terms of hunting and cultivate careful and solicitous attitude to wildlife and its resources in all hunters.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and man.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 565			Serial	32
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	Author
	Title	Rare Animals and their Protection in the USSR			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	4-4
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; categories of threat; rare species; snow leopard; distribution; threats.; 8030; Russian
	Abstract	It described categories of threat (Category A and Category B). Snow leopard was assessed under Category A the species whose numbers and habitats have sharply diminished and are continuing to diminish as a consequence of direct persecution, destruction of their habitat or other causes. The snow leopard (Pardus uncia) inhabits the mountains of the Tien Shan range, Tarbagatai, Saur, Altai and the Sayans. Exploitation of mountain areas and depletion of stocks of wild ungulates (Siberian mountain goats and wild sheep) have led to a sharp reduction in the number of snow leopards. It is estimated that today only about one thousand leopards are left, and they have accordingly been placed under complete protection. Hunting and selective shooting are everywhere prohibited. Catching leopards is regulated by the articles of the international convention restricting trade in rare species of plants and animals.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Uzbekistan's Reservations and Natural Monuments. XIV General Assembly of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 781			Serial	14
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	Author
	Title	Biological diversity conservation. National strategy and action plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	34-35
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; national strategy and action plan; biodiversity; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; conservation measures.; 6280; Russian
	Abstract	The National strategy and action plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan was signed on April 1, 1998. Snow leopard was included in the list of rare and endangered animal species and referred to category 2 a rare, not endangered species. It is distributed in highlands of the West Tien Shan and Pamiro-Alay. Its population is 30-50 animals. Snow leopard is protected in the Chatkal, Gissar nature reserve, and Ugam-Chatkal national park.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 606			Serial	17
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