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Sloane, A.; Kelly, C.; McDavitt, S.; Marples, N. |
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Title |
Big cats in captivity: a quantitative analysis of enrichment |
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1998 |
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Adv.Etho |
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33 |
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43 |
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abnormal-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; zoos; enrichment; abnormal; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; browse; 1280; study; big; big cats; Cats; cat; zoo; effects; Lions; lion; jaguar; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; behaviour; using; activity; activities; change; presence; enclosures; range; scent; cage; horse; hides; management |
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Studies on three species of big cats at Dublin Zoo have led to firm conclusions about the effects of certain forms of enrichment, some of which will be presented here. Lions, jaguars, and snow leopards were studied over two years and their behaviours quantified using focal animal sampling during selected hours during daylight. By comparison of these activity budgets with and without the enrichments being present, it was possible to identify the exact behavioural changes caused by each enrichment method, and to quantify these changes. In this contribution we present results showing that the presence of a platform in both lion and jaguar enclosures dramatically reduced stereotypic pacing behaviour. We will demonstrate that the effects of short term enrichment devices may have a wide range of effects on behaviours which outlast the presence of the stimulus. For instance scents added to the cage, or food/play items such as horse hides, hidden fish or ice-blocks often reduce pacing and increase resting later in the day, even after the cats have ceased using the enrichment items. This reduction in pacing and increase in resting time often meant that the amount of the enclosure used per hour was actually reduced with the presence of new stimuli, as result opposite to what might have been expected. The results of these studies will be discussed in relation to effective animal management. |
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WILDLIFE REVIEW ABSTRACTS (“Contributions to the International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals, Berlin, Germany, 7-10 October 1998”; Hofer, Heribert; Pitra, Christian; Hofmann, Reinhold R., editors). |
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SLN @ rana @ 349 |
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897 |
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Author |
Stockley, G. |
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Title |
Big Game Shooting In the Indian Empire |
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1928 |
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hunting; big-game; India; browse; big; game; 2000 |
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Constable |
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London |
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SLN @ rana @ 12 |
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938 |
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Author |
Stockley, G. |
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Title |
Stalking in the Himalayas and Northern India |
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1936 |
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Himalaya; India; hunting; big-game; browse; big game; big; game; 2010 |
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Herbert Jenkins |
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London |
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SLN @ rana @ 13 |
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939 |
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Taryannikov, V.I. |
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Distribution, biology and current state of the number of the rare predatory mammals in W. Gissar. The Ecology, Protection, and Acclimatization of Vertebrates in Uzbekistan |
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1986 |
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Uzbekistan; Gissar; distribution; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2600 |
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Tashkent |
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SLN @ rana @ 89 |
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958 |
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Volozheninov, N.N. |
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Title |
Rare and vanishing mammals and birds in S Uzbekistan. Ecology and protection of the rare and vanishing vertebrates in Uzbekistan, Tashkent |
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1985 |
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Uzbekistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2610; Russian |
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In Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 90 |
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991 |
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Author |
Wack, R.F.; Kramer, L.W. |
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Title |
Multifocal osteomyelitis in a young snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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26 |
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4 |
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553-563 |
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Antibacterial-Drug; Case-Study; diagnosis; Enrofloxacin; Pathophysiology; snow-leopard; veterinary; medical; osteomyelitis; snow leopard; antibacterial; drug; Case; study; snow; leopard; browse; 1370 |
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A 5-mo-old male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was presented for mild rear leg lameness. Osteomyelitis was suspected on the basis of radiographic changes and confirmed by histopathology of a biopsy sample from the affected bone. Aerobic cultures of the biopsies repeatedly grew Klebsiella oxytoca. Repeated anaerobic and fungal cultures did not result in growth. The leopard was treated unsuccessfully with cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine despite apparent in vitro sensitivity to these antibiotics. Successful resolution was eventually achieved with enrofloxacin, 7.5 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. for 60 days. The number of bones involved (right humerus, right and left ulna, right and left radius, right and left femur, right and left tibia, mandible, right metatarsus) made this an unusual presentation of osteomyelitis. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 277 |
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997 |
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Author |
Wajrak, A. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1994 |
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Gazeta Wyborcza. |
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Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin |
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Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since. |
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Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920)
24/4/94. |
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SLN @ rana @ 268 |
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1002 |
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Author |
Wang, X.; Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Status of large mammals in Western Inner Mongolia, China |
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1996 |
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Journal of East China Normal University (Special Issue of Zoology) |
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93-104 |
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China; Mongolia; Inner-Mongolia; snow leopards; browse; inner; 2930 |
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SLN @ rana @ 292 |
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1003 |
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Author |
Wangchuk, T.R. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard: Its Management with Emphasis on Bhutan |
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1992 |
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Bhutan; management; browse; 2440 |
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Unpublished report. Date of Copyright: 1992 |
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SLN @ rana @ 195 |
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1006 |
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Wikramanayake, E.D. |
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Title |
Recommendations for Conservation Management of Jigme Dorji National Park |
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1995 |
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conservation; management; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; Bhutan; protected-area; Jigme-Dorji; browse; protected; area; 2450 |
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Field Report submitted to Nature Conservation Section, RGOB, and WWF Bhutan Program.
Date of Copyright: 1995 |
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SLN @ rana @ 282 |
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1023 |
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