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Author Braden, K.
Title Snow leopard conservation in the USSR Type Magazine Article
Year 1988 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume Fall Issue Pages 2-2
Keywords conservation; snow leopard; Ussr
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 962 Serial 191
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Author Broder, J.; MacFadden, A.; Cosens, L.; Rosenstein, D.; Harrison, T.
Title Use of Positive Reinforcement Conditioning to Monitor Pregnancy in an Unanesthetized Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) via Transabdominal Ultrasound Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue Pages 78-85
Keywords desensitization; fetal development; operant conditioning; pregnancy detection; primiparous; snow leopard; zoo
Abstract Closely monitoring snow leopard (Uncia uncia) fetal developments via transabdominal ultrasound, with minimal stress to the animal, was the goal of this project. The staff at Potter Park Zoo has used the principles of habituation, desensitization, and positive reinforcement to train a female snow leopard (U. uncia). Ultrasound examinations were preformed on an unanesthetized feline at 63 and 84 days. The animal remained calm and compliant throughout both procedures. Fetuses were observed and measured on both occasions. The absence of anesthesia eliminated components of psychologic and physiologic stress associated with sedation. This was the first recorded instance of transabdominal ultrasound being carried out on an unanesthetized snow leopard. It documents the feasibility of detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development via ultrasound.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 905 Serial 196
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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H.
Title Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Ovarian Activity in Felids, Measured Noninvasively in Feces Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Biol Reprod Abbreviated Journal
Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 776-786
Keywords Animal; Carbon; Radioisotopes; Carnivora; Cats; Chromatography; High; Pressure; Liquid; Comparative Study; Estradiol; metabolism; Estrone; feces; chemistry; Female; Ovary; physiology; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; government; gov't; us; 170
Abstract Noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14C]estradiol (E2) and [14C]progesterone (P4) were determined. Within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered E2 and P4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. E2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme- hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). P4 was excreted primarily as non-enzyme- hydrolyzable, conjugated metabolites (78%) and as unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. A simple method for extracting fecal steroid metabolites optimized extraction efficiencies of the E2 and P4 excretion products (90.1 +/- 0.8% and 87.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively). Analysis of HPLC fractions of extracted fecal samples from the radiolabel-injected domestic cats revealed that E2 immunoreactivity coincided primarily with the unconjugated metabolized [14C]E2 peak, whereas progestogen immunoreactivity coincided with a single conjugated epimer and multiple unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. After HPLC separation, similar immunoreactive E2 and P4 metabolite profiles were observed in the leopard cat (F. bengalensis), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that changes in fecal E2 and P4 metabolite concentrations reflected natural or artificially induced ovarian activity. For example, severalfold increases in E2 excretion were associated with overt estrus or exogenous gonadotropin treatment, and elevated fecal P4 metabolite concentrations occurred during pregnant and nonpregnant (pseudopregnant) luteal phases. Although overall concentrations were similar, the duration of elevated fecal P4 metabolites during pseudopregnancy was approximately half that observed during pregnancy. In summary, steroid metabolism mechanisms appear to be conserved among these physically diverse, taxonomically related species. Results indicate that this hormone-monitoring approach will be extremely useful for elucidating the hormonal regulatory mechanism associated with the reproductive cycle, pregnancy, and parturition of intractable and endangered felid species.
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ISSN 0006-3363 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 251 Serial 198
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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H.
Title Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Biology of Reproduction Abbreviated Journal
Volume 50 Issue suppl 1 Pages 185
Keywords fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420
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Notes Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 203 Serial 197
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Author Brunstein, L.
Title Handrearing Snow Leopards in the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Type Journal Article
Year 1978 Publication Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 Issue Pages 44-49
Keywords hand-rearing; hand; rearing; cubs; bottle; feeding; diet; browse; 3580
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 43 Serial 200
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Author Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H.
Title Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue Pages 74-83
Keywords behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo
Abstract This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 915 Serial 202
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Author Cai, G.; Liu, Y.; O'Gara, B.W.
Title Observations of large mammals in the Qaidam Basin and its peripheral mountainous area in the Peoples Republic of China Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Canadadian J.Zool. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue Pages 2021-2024
Keywords China; Qaidam; browse; 3340
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 156 Serial 206
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Author Chakraborty, R.E.; Chakraborty, S.
Title Identification of dorsal guard hairs of Indian species of the genus Panthera Oken (Carnivora: Felidae) Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal
Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 480
Keywords identification; India; hair-samples; guard; hairs; panthera; uncia; tigris; leo; pardus; browse; 660
Abstract Dorsal guard hairs of four living Indian species of the genus Panthera, viz. P. tigris, P. leo, P. pardus and P. uncia have been studied. It is found that the characters are somewhat overlapping, but identification of the species may be possible from the combination of characters.
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Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 MA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 270 Serial 209
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Author Chalise, M.K.
Title Nepalka Samrakshit Banyajantu (Nepal's Protected Wildlife in Nepali language) Type Book Whole
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 106-108
Keywords government; language; leopard; leopards; Nepal; protected; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; wildlife
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Publisher Shajha Prakashan Place of Publication Lalitpur, Kathmandu Editor
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Notes In Nepalese language only. Includes only the chapter on snow leopards and the book cover. The book is published by a government corporate house of publication. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1058 Serial 211
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Author Chandra, S.; Laughlin, D.C.
Title Virus-like particles in cystic mammary adenoma of a snow leopard Type Journal Article
Year 1975 Publication Cancer Res Abbreviated Journal
Volume 35 Issue 11 Pt 1 Pages 3069-3074
Keywords Adenoma pathology veterinary; Animal; Animals; zoo; Carnivora; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endoplasmic Reticulum: ultrastructure; Inclusion Bodies; Mammae: pathology; Neoplasms: pathology: veterinary; neoplasms; pathology; mammae; inclusion; bodies; ultrastructure; reticulum; endoplasmic; granules; cytoplasmic; adenoma; veterinary; browse; 380
Abstract Virus-like particles were observed in the giant cells of a mammary adenoma of a snow leopard kept in captivity. Particles that measured 115 to 125 nm in diameter budded from the lamella of endoplasmic reticulum and were studded on their inner surfaces with dense granules (approximately 12 nm) that gave them their unique ultrastructural morphology. Such particles were not observed extracellularly. Type B or type C particles were not seen in the tumor tissue.
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ISSN 0008-5472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 27 Serial 212
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