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Author |
Manati, A.R. |
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Title |
Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim |
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Year |
2008 |
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125 |
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Keywords |
fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia |
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Abstract |
Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners.
Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years.
From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan.
The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible.
In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population. |
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University of Köln |
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Germany |
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German |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1123 |
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Author |
MaMing, R . Feng, Xu. Yun, Cheng et al. |
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Title |
Snow Leopards in Xinjiang |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Science Press |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-588 |
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Keywords |
Snow Leopards, China |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard Uncia uncia is a globally endangered species, occurring in China and 11
neighboring countries, with a total population of 3500-7000 individuals. China is very important
for Snow Leopards, as it contains both the more than half of the distribution area and the largest
remaining population. However, like other big cats, the density is very low, perhaps less than 1
individual per 100 square kilometers in the western mountains of China. This book first reviewed
ten years of research by Xinjiang Snow Leopard Team (XSLT), and it contains over 300 figures
including maps, illustrations, pictures and photos, 46 tables as well as more than a thousand
references and 1100 key words in the index.
In the past ten years, XSLT has received much support and funding from the Snow Leopard
Trust (SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). In this regard, the Chinese government
has not yet given one cent to support the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Project. Our situation is very
difficult indeed, and it is hoped that this book will inspire future government support.
There are many topics discussed in this work including a decade of successes or failures with
the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS from 2002 to 2012). The authors also present findings
from every International Snow Leopard Conference (1978-2008), the stories of 14 experts, the big
events of conservation and research (1776-2012), and many questions for future research in the
appendix. This is the first work about snow leopards in China. It is a popular scientific book that
covers snow leopard monitoring, research, conservation and management, and it could also be
very helpful to nature reserve staff and scientists as well as students, teachers, outdoor explorers,
volunteers and cat lovers.
The book contains the following: preface, table of contents (in English), and chapters on the
ancient records of snow leopards; their place in the family of big cats; research methods and field
logs for snow leopards; their population size and distribution in China; biological knowledge,
conservation and management of snow leopards; their presence in zoos; Nature Reserves in
Xinjiang, the experiences of snow leopard conservation in other countries; appendix; index; and
afterword (ISBN 978-7-03-036723-5, the book was published in March 2013 with total of 616
pages and approximately 0.77 million Chinese words, price: RMB 145.00 Yuan). |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1390 |
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Author |
Ming, M. Feng, Xu. Yun, Cheng et al. |
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Title |
Snow Leopards in Xinjiang |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Science Press |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-588 |
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Keywords |
Snow Leopards, China |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard Uncia uncia is a globally endangered species, occurring in China and 11
neighboring countries, with a total population of 3500-7000 individuals. China is very important
for Snow Leopards, as it contains both the more than half of the distribution area and the largest
remaining population. However, like other big cats, the density is very low, perhaps less than 1
individual per 100 square kilometers in the western mountains of China. This book first reviewed
ten years of research by Xinjiang Snow Leopard Team (XSLT), and it contains over 300 figures
including maps, illustrations, pictures and photos, 46 tables as well as more than a thousand
references and 1100 key words in the index.
In the past ten years, XSLT has received much support and funding from the Snow Leopard
Trust (SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). In this regard, the Chinese government
has not yet given one cent to support the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Project. Our situation is very
difficult indeed, and it is hoped that this book will inspire future government support.
There are many topics discussed in this work including a decade of successes or failures with
the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS from 2002 to 2012). The authors also present findings
from every International Snow Leopard Conference (1978-2008), the stories of 14 experts, the big
events of conservation and research (1776-2012), and many questions for future research in the
appendix. This is the first work about snow leopards in China. It is a popular scientific book that
covers snow leopard monitoring, research, conservation and management, and it could also be
very helpful to nature reserve staff and scientists as well as students, teachers, outdoor explorers,
volunteers and cat lovers.
The book contains the following: preface, table of contents (in English), and chapters on the
ancient records of snow leopards; their place in the family of big cats; research methods and field
logs for snow leopards; their population size and distribution in China; biological knowledge,
conservation and management of snow leopards; their presence in zoos; Nature Reserves in
Xinjiang, the experiences of snow leopard conservation in other countries; appendix; index; and
afterword (ISBN 978-7-03-036723-5, the book was published in March 2013 with total of 616
pages and approximately 0.77 million Chinese words, price: RMB 145.00 Yuan). |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1391 |
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Author |
Begg, T. |
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Title |
Nutritional bone disease in the snow leopard |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
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104-107 |
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Keywords |
bone; captive; Disease; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary; zoo |
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Publisher |
Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1047 |
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125 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
Distribution and status of the snow leopard |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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6-21 |
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Keywords |
distribution; International; pedigree; snow leopard; status |
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Helsinki Zoo, Finland |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 952 |
Serial |
140 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
Snow leopard register (1978) |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol.1 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
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Pages |
132-140 |
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Keywords |
captive; International; pedigree; register; snow leopard; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 1027 |
Serial |
144 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
Photos of snow leopards |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
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Pages |
141-151 |
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Keywords |
captive; captivity; International; pedigree; photo; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 1051 |
Serial |
145 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
Resolution from the first international snow leopard conference in Helsinki on March 7-8, 1978 |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
3-5 |
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Keywords |
International; pedigree; resolutions; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1053 |
Serial |
146 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
The 1979 world register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
62-75 |
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Keywords |
captive; captive-population; panthera uncia; snow leopard |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 997 |
Serial |
150 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
The snow leopard register |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
218-238 |
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Keywords |
snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; register; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards |
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Publisher |
Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1084 |
Serial |
151 |
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