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Taryannikov V.I. |
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Distribution, biology, and current population status of rare predatory mammals in the Western Hissar |
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1986 |
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107-109 |
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Uzbekistan; Western Hissar ridge; distribution; number; diet; rare species; decline; poaching; Lynx; otter; ibex; snow leopard.; 8380; Russian |
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Described are distribution, biotopical distribution, food, and some biological features of Uncia uncia, Felis lynx, Lutra lutra. New finds of Lutra lutra were observed at the Kashkadarya river. All the species' populations were counted and the reasons for their decrease given. In the author's opinion, number of snow leopard is decreasing as number of Siberian ibex is decreasing too and snow leopard is being poached for. There are 10-12 snow leopards on the slopes of the Hissar ridge. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 816 |
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957 |
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Volozheninov N.N. |
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Rare and endangered mammals and birds of Southern Uzbekistan |
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1985 |
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23 |
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Uzbekistan; Hissar ridge; Baisun ridge; snow leopard; number; preys; poaching; conservation measures.; 8500; Russian |
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Snow leopard is a common species for upper part of the Hissar ridge and northern part of the Baisun ridge. There are about 30 snow leopards there. The animals often attack livestock, sometimes even entering into sheltered cattle-pens. In two of four of such cases snow leopards were caught and killed; in two other cases they had gone, having wounded the people. Usually the predators attack sheep and goats, rarer cows. The most frequently snow leopard preys on ibex and often wild boar. Local people catch/shoot no less than 10 snow leopards per year. Protection measures include the prevention of poaching and withdrawal of rifled guns from local communities. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology and protection of rare and endangered vertebrate species in Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 827 |
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989 |
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Wajrak, A. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1994 |
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Gazeta Wyborcza. |
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Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin |
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Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since. |
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Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920)
24/4/94. |
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SLN @ rana @ 268 |
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1002 |
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Yudin Yu. |
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A review of history of creation of the Red Book |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1983 |
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IUCN Red Data Book; USSR Red Data book; Uzbek Red Data book; extinct species; rare species; snow leopard; poaching.; 8650; Russian |
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A review of history of creation of the Red Book, International Red List, and Red Data Book of the USSR, Red Data Books of Soviet Republics is made. Snow leopard (with a total population of 10 animals) is included in the Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR as an endangered species. The author gives the examples of careless attitude to plants and animas resulting in decrease of their populations or even extermination. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Newspaper “Ferganskaya Pravda” |
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SLN @ rana @ 842 |
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1066 |
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Author |
Zhiryakov V.A. |
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Title |
Ibex. Rare ungulate species of the Almaty nature reserve and their protection |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1976 |
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141-154 |
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Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; aerial census; goitered gazelle; argali; ibex; predators; wolf; snow leopard; poaching; disturbance.; 8750; Russian |
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Collected are data on rare ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve in 1968-1973. Since recently the population of goitered gazelle has dropped sharply and is now 20-30 animals per seven ha. The nature reserve shall be expanded in order to protect the animals. Argali inhabits a desert area in the mountains of Greater and Lesser Kalkana. Argali sometimes migrates outside the nature reserve. Ibex inhabits a mountainous part of the nature reserve, its population being 10-13 animals per 1,000 ha. Predators have negligible impact on the ibex population (12.5 percent of deaths), which is preyed on solely by snow leopard and wolf. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of the USSR fauna. |
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SLN @ rana @ 852 |
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1082 |
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Pohl, J. |
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Tracking the Big Cat |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1996 |
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Juneau Empire (AK) |
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5 |
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poaching; hunting; medicine; habitat; parks; reserve; refuge; pelt; fur; coat; McCarthy; Tom; Mongolia; bones; bone; browse; 1140 |
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Juneau biologist Tom McCarthy will make one last trip to Mongolla to finish researching snow leopards – which are poached for their pelts and killed for the medicinal value of their bones – so he can recommend ways to preserve the elusive animals and their habitat |
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Juneau, AK |
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SLN @ rana @ 294 |
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777 |
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Aryal, A. |
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Final Report On Demography and Causes of Mortality of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve in Nepal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2009 |
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1-53 |
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Report; mortality; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; Dhorpatan; hunting; reserve; Nepal; biodiversity; research; training; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; program; population; Population-Density; density; densities; change; Sex; study; area; High; poaching; Pressure; reducing; number; predators; predator; poison; wolf; wolves; canis; Canis-lupus; lupus; wild; wild boar; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; scats; scat; value; fox; cover; deer; diet; leopards; pika; snow leopards; snow-leopards; soil; Relationship |
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A total of 206 individual Blue sheep Pseudois nayaur were estimated in Barse and Phagune blocks of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) and population density was 1.8 Blue sheep/sq.km. There was not significant change in population density from last 4 decades. An average 7 animals/herd (SD-5.5) were classified from twenty nine herds, sheep per herds varying from 1 to 37. Blue sheep has classified into sex ratio on an average 75 male/100females was recorded in study area. The sex ratio was slightly lower but not significantly different from the previous study. Population of Blue sheep was seen stable or not decrease even there was high poaching pressure, the reason may be reducing the number of predators by poison and poaching which has
supported to increase blue sheep population. Because of reducing the predators Wolf Canis lupus, Wild boar population was increasing drastically in high rate and we can observed wild boar above the tree line of DHR. The frequency of occurrence of different prey species in scats of different predators shows that, excluding zero values, the frequencies of different prey species were no significantly different (ö2= 10.3, df = 49, p > 0.05). Most of the scats samples (74%) of Snow leopard, Wolf, Common Leopard, Red fox's cover one prey species while two and three species were present in 18% and 8%, respectively. Barking deer Muntiacus muntjak was the most frequent (18%) of total diet composition of common leopards. Pika Ochotona roylei was the most frequent (28%), and Blue sheep was in second position for diet of snow leopards which cover 21% of total diet composition. 13% of diet covered non-food item such as soil, stones, and vegetable. Pika was most frequent on Wolf and Red fox diet which covered 32% and 30% respectively. There was good positive relationship between the scat density and Blue sheep consumption rate, increasing the scat density, increasing the Blue sheep consumption rate. Blue sheep preference by different predators such as Snow leopard, Common leopard, Wolf and Red fox were 20%, 6%, 13% and 2% of total prey species respectively. |
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The Biodiversity Research and Training Forum (BRTF) Nepal. Email: savefauna@yahoo.com
Submitted to Snow Leopard Conservation Grants Program, USA. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1064 |
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104 |
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Raghavan, B.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Qureshi, Q. |
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Interactions between livestock and Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei); final report |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2003 |
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1-46 |
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Interactions; interaction; livestock; Ladakh; urial; ovis; endangered; Animal; Iucn; 2000; Cites; indian; wildlife; protection; number; 1960; 70; hunting; meat; fox; Chundawat; population; range; species; recent; humans; Human; Pressure; habitat; areas; area; human activity; activity; activities; agriculture; pastoralism; development; dam; Base; threats; threat; poaching; grazing; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; Competition; resource; presence; India; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program |
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The Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei) is a highly endangered animal (IUCN Red List 2000) listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES and Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Its numbers had been reduced to a few hundred individuals in the 1960s and 70s through hunting for trophies and meat (Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). However, with the protection bestowed by the IWPA 1972, and resultant decrease in hunting, the population seems to have shown a marginal increase to about 1000-1500 individuals in its range in Ladakh (Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). Although the species had in the past, been able to coexist with the predominantly Buddhist society of Ladakh, the recent increase in the population of both humans and their livestock has placed immense pressures on its habitat (Shackleton 1997, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). This is especially important considering that the Ladakh urial habitat coincides with the areas of maximum human activity in terms of settlements, agriculture, pastoralism and development, in Ladakh (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). Increased developmental activities such as construction of roads, dams, and military bases in these areas have also increased the access to their habitat. This has consequently made the species more vulnerable to the threats of poaching and habitat destruction (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2002). Pressure from increased livestock grazing is one of the major threats faced by the species today (Shackleton 1997, Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, IUCN Red List 2000 Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). In the impoverished habitat provided by the Trans-Himalayas, there is great competition for the scarce resources between various animal species surviving here (Fox 1996, Mishra 2001). The presence of livestock intensifies this competition and can either force the species out of its niche (competitive exclusion) by displacing it from that area or resource, or lead to partitioning of resources between the species, spatially or temporally, for coexistence (Begon et al. 1986, Gause 1934). |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Wildlife Institute of India. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1075 |
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802 |
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Theile, S. |
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Fading Footprints: The Killing and Trade of Snow Leopards |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2003 |
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snow; leopard; poaching; trade; traffic; Cites; endangered; hunting; 5130 |
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Snow Leopards, in a genus of their own, are endangered big cats. They inhabit rugged,
mountainous terrain, in 12 range States – Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
There are regional differences in prey, but the cats' natural prey includes ungulates and rodents.
The global population of Snow Leopards is estimated to be between about 4000 and 7000, but
sharp declines in populations have been reported over the past decade from parts of the species's
range. High levels of hunting for the animals' skins and for live animals, for zoos, during the
last century contributed to the species's endangered status and, from the 1970s, legal measures
were taken for its protection. In 1975, the species was listed in Appendix I of CITES (the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora) and in 1985 it
became an Appendix-I species of the Convention of Migratory Species. It has been accorded
nation-wide legal protection in almost every range State, in some cases since the 1970s. In spite
of such provision, Snow Leopards have been hunted during the 1990s in numbers as high as at
any time in the past and this killing continues in the present century. This report details the status of illegal poaching and trade in snow leopards in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. |
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Traffic International |
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Caimbridge, UK |
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SLN @ rana @ 499 |
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965 |
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Author |
ud Din, J. |
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Assessing the Status of Snow Leopard in Torkhow Valley, District Chitral, Pakistan: Final Technical Report |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2008 |
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1-16 |
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status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; chitral; Pakistan; Report; study; prey; Base; conflict; threats; threat; wildlife; sign; transect; surveys; survey; Slims; Data; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; area; Case; ungulates; ungulate; Himalayan; himalayan ibex; ibex; rut; using; prey species; prey-species; species; marmot; game; birds; carnivores; carnivore; wolf; wolves; jackal; fox; survival; retaliatory; retaliatory killing; retaliatory-killing; killing; poisoning; poaching; loss; habitat; habitat degradation; habitat-degradation; degradation; grazing; collection; awareness; Gis; map; staff; field; training; conservation; community; distribution; resource; project; network; program |
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This study was aimed at assessing the status of Snow leopard, its major prey base, and the extent of human-Snow leopard conflict and major threats to the wildlife in north Chitral (Torkhow valley) Pakistan. Snow leopard occurrence was conformed through sign transect surveys i.e. SLIMS. Based on the data collected the number of Snow leopards in this survey block (1022 Kmý) is estimated to be 2-3 animals. Comparing this estimate with the available data from other parts of the district the population of snow leopard in Chitral district was count to be 36 animals. Livestock depredation reports collected from the area reflect the existence of human-snow leopard conflict and 138 cases were recorded affecting 102 families (in a period of eight years, 2001-2008). Ungulates (Himalayan Ibex) rut season surveys were conducted in coordination with NWFP Wildlife department. A total of 429 animals were counted using direct count (point method) surveys. Other snow leopard prey species recorded include marmot, hare, and game birds. Signs of other carnivores i.e. wolf, jackal, and fox were also noticed. Major threats to the survival of wildlife especially snow leopard reckoned include retaliatory killing (Shooting, Poisoning), poaching, loss of natural prey, habitat degradation (over grazing, fodder and fuel wood collection), lack of awareness, and over population. GIS map of the study area was developed highlighting the area searched for Snow leopard and its prey species. Capacity of the Wildlife Department staff was built in conducting SLIMS and ungulate surveys through class room and on field training. Awareness regarding the importance of wildlife conservation was highlighted to the students, teachers and general community through lectures and distribution of resource materials developed by WWF-Pakistan. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1065 |
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978 |
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