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Author Dickman, A., Macdonald, E., Macdonald, D.
Title A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication PNAS Abbreviated Journal
Volume 108 Issue 34 Pages 13937–13944
Keywords human-carnivore conflict, payments for ecosystem services
Abstract One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation “on the ground.” Although human–carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term “payments to encourage coexistence”; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenuesharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty.
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Notes http://www.pnas.org/content/108/34/13937 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1362
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Author Schaller, G., Li, H., Lipu, T., Ren, J. Qiu, M.
Title Snow Leopards in Xin Jiang, China Type (down) Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Arid Zone Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 74-78
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Publisher Place of Publication China Editor
Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes George Schaller, Hong Li, Ta Lipu, Junrang Ren, Mingjiang Qiu Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1364
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Author Lu, J.
Title Leopard Bone and Confusing Preliminary Product Identification Type (down) Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 546-547
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Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Jinshu Lu Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1365
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Author Zou, H., Zheng, X.
Title China Snow Leopard Conservation Strategy Investigation and Analysis Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication China Wildlife Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 54-55
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Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Hongfei Zou, Xin Zheng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1366
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Author Ming, M., Xu, F.
Title Successful Camera Trapping on Snow Leopard in Muzat Valley, Tomur Feng Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, P. R. China Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Arid Land Geography Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 307-308
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Publisher Place of Publication China Editor
Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Ming Ma, Feng Xu Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1367
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Author Jiang, Z.
Title Rescue Snow Spirit---Snow Leopard Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Zoological Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 242
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Publisher Place of Publication China Editor
Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1368
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Author Jiang, Z., Xu, A.
Title Snow Leopard Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Chiese Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 128
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Publisher Place of Publication China Editor
Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Zhigang Jiang, Aichun Xu Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1369
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Author Karmacharya, Dibesh B
Title Noninvasive genetic population survey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Kangchenjunga conservation area, Shey Phoksundo National Park and surrounding buffer zones of Nepal Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Bio Med Central Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 Issue 516 Pages
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Abstract Background

The endangered snow leopard is found throughout major mountain ranges of Central Asia, including the remote Himalayas. However, because of their elusive behavior, sparse distribution, and poor access to their habitat, there is a lack of reliable information on their population status and demography, particularly in Nepal. Therefore, we utilized noninvasive genetic techniques to conduct a preliminary snow leopard survey in two protected areas of Nepal.

Results

A total of 71 putative snow leopard scats were collected and analyzed from two different areas; Shey Phoksundo National Park (SPNP) in the west and Kangchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA) in the east. Nineteen (27%) scats were genetically identified as snow leopards, and 10 (53%) of these were successfully genotyped at 6 microsatellite loci. Two samples showed identical genotype profiles indicating a total of 9 individual snow leopards. Four individual snow leopards were identified in SPNP (1 male and 3 females) and five (2 males and 3 females) in KCA.

Conclusions

We were able to confirm the occurrence of snow leopards in both study areas and determine the minimum number present. This information can be used to design more in-depth population surveys that will enable estimation of snow leopard population abundance at these sites.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1371
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Author Gurung, Ghana S.
Title Enhancing herder's livelihoods and conserving the snow leopard in Nepal Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal
Volume 55 Issue Pages 6
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Abstract Loss of livestock to snow leopards Panthera Uncia is one of the primary concerns of subsistence herders' communities and one of the primary threats to conservation of this endsngered species throughout the alpine regions of the central Asia. Unless the relationship between snow leopards abd humans is better understood and appropriate strategies are applied, coexistence may not be sustainable. thus, to address this issue, WWF Nepal piloted a community-managed livestock insurance scheme in Ghunsa valley of Kangchenjunga Conservation Area simultaneously with various types of mitigation measures (i.e preventive and curative) We found significan advantages of the insurance scheme including that it is self-sustaining and locally managed thereby ensuring it is economically viable and effective in preventive retaliatory killing of snow leopards. The main strength of the insurance scheme is that it was designed and developed in close co-operation with the affected herders' communities. The communities start by designing a simple livestock insurance plan whereby owners contribute to a common fund that is later administered and managed at the local level, thus reducing likelihood of fraud. Benefit sharing of funds among subsistence herders' communities from income generating activities is on of the positive motivating tools for people towards snow leopards. Since initiated, snow leopard killings have gone from 1-3/year to 0/year for 3 years.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1374
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Author Suryawanshi, Kulbhushan. R
Title Standardizing the double-observer survey method for estimating mountain ungulate prey of the endangered snow leopard Type (down) Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Oecelogia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue December Pages
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Abstract Mountain ungulates around the world have been threatened by illegal hunting, habitat modification, increased livestock grazing, disease and development. Mountain ungulates play an important functional role in grasslands as primary consumers and as prey for wild carnivores, and monitoring of their populations is important for conservation purposes. However, most of the several currently available methods of estimating wild ungulate abundance are either difficult to implement or too expensive for mountainous terrain. A rigorous method of sampling ungulate abundance in mountainous areas that can allow for some measure of sampling error is therefore much needed. To this end, we used a combination of field data and computer simulations to test the critical assumptions associated with double-observer technique based on capture-recapture theory. The technique was modified and adapted to estimate the populations of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and ibex (Capra sibirica) at five different sites. Conducting the two double-observer surveys simultaneously led to underestimation of the population by 15%. We therefore recommend separating the surveys in space or time.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1376
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