| Records |
| Author |
Namgail, T. |
| Title |
Eurasian lynx in Ladakh |
Type  |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Cat News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
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Pages |
21-22 |
| Keywords |
Eurasian lynx, Lynx l. isabellina |
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| Language |
English |
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Spring issue |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1314 |
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| Author |
Kinoshita, K., Inada, S., Seki, K., Sasaki, A., Hama, N., Kusunoki, H. |
| Title |
Long-Term Monitoring of Fecal Steroid Hormones in Female Snow Leopards (Panthera uncia) during Pregnancy or Pseudopregnancy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314 |
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| Abstract |
Knowledge of the basic reproductive physiology of snow leopards is required urgently in order to develop a suitable management conditions under captivity. In this study, the long-term monitoring of concentrations of three steroid hormones in fecal matter of three female snow leopards was performed using enzyme immunoassays: (1) estradiol-17β, (2) progesterone and (3) cortisol metabolite. Two of the female animals were housed with a male during the winter breeding season, and copulated around the day the estradiol-17β metabolite peaked subsequently becoming pregnant. The other female was treated in two different ways: (1) first housed with a male in all year round and then (2) in the winter season only. She did not mate with him on the first occasion, but did so latter around when estradiol-17β metabolite peaked, and became pseudopregnant. During pregnancy, progesterone metabolite concentrations increased for 92 or 94 days, with this period being approximately twice as long as in the pseudopregnant case (31, 42, 49 and 53 days). The levels of cortisol metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (1.35 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the pregnant females (0.33 and 0.24 µg/g) (P<0.05). Similarly, during the breeding season, the levels of estradiol-17β metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (2.18 µg/g) were significantly higher than those in the pregnant females (0.81 and 0.85 µg/g) (P<0.05). Unlike cortisol the average levels of estradiol-17β during the breeding season were independent of reproductive success.
The hormone levels may also be related to housing conditions and the resulting reproductive success in female leopards. The female housed with a male during the non-breeding season had high levels of cortisol metabolites and low levels of estradiol-17β in the breeding season, and failed to become pregnant. This indicates that housing conditions in snow leopards may be an important factor for normal endocrine secretion and resulting breeding success. |
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Texas A & M University |
Place of Publication |
United States of America |
Editor |
Sharon Gursky-Doyen |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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PLoS ONE 6(5): e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314 |
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| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1317 |
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| Author |
Devendra, T. & Chalise, M. |
| Title |
Population and habitat of Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Langtang Himalaya, Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Special issue on the occasion of 15th Wildlife Week |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
2067 |
Pages |
37-46 |
| Keywords |
Himalayan Thar, census, habitat characters, use |
| Abstract |
A survey of Himalayan Thar was carried out in Langtang valley in response to the lacking of scientific information of its population status and distribution in the area. The study was carried out from Ghodatabela to Langsisa Kharka during April to June of 2003/04/2005. The area was divided into 5 survey blocks measuring 5sqkm each and study was conducted through blocks. Observed herds and individual animals were repeatedly counted and recorded. A total of 218 individuals of different age and sex Himalayan Thar were recorded during the study in 8 different herds. Three types of herds were recognized; Adult male-adult female-young (37.5%), Adult female-young (37.5%) and All adult-male (25%). Survey revealed that 50% of Thar herds were observed in 4200-4900m (Fourth block) and least (12%) were in 3700-4000m (First block), animals were not located in 3850-4200m (Third, Fifth block). Stratified random sampling was done to analyze the vegetation in their habitat and identified 26 potential plant species. The encroachment of their habitat is severe by the excessive livestock grazing and utilization for cowshed. Noticeable disturbance felt due to frequent poaching and tourist flow. The conservation of this species seems vital as it is prime prey species of Snow leopard in LNP. |
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Dept. of National Parks & Wildlife Cons. /Govt. of Nepal |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1318 |
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| Author |
Khatiwada, J.R. & Chalise, M.K. |
| Title |
Status of snow leopard and conflict perception in Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Eastern Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nepalese Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
| Keywords |
Uncia uncia, Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, livestock depredation, blue sheep |
| Abstract |
Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is situated in the Taplejung district at the north-eastern region of Nepal. Livestock keeping is the main activity of people for making a living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless the people – snow leopard conflicts is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard –especially the existence of snow leopard in this part of the world–will be in question. This has now become an utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and the area has been open to tourism. Study was done by counting snow leopard signs walking systematically in total 18 snow leopard sign transects covering 18.01 km in length in three sites, i.e. Lonak, Khambachen and Dudhpokhari of the Conservation Area. The average sign density was 12.63/km. The livestock depredation by snow leopard for one year (2005-06) was studied by interviewing the herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and economic factors. The study revealed that sub-adult yaks were mostly hunted by snow leopard. Cattle's' winter (December-April) pastures are most vulnerable sites for predation. Presence of bushes, forest and boulders and rugged mountain crevices make good hides for snow leopard. The study also showed that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow leopard. Blue sheep was observed by walking in selected trails and from vantage points. A total of 354 individual sheep of different age and sex of 14 different herds were recorded during the study period. The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the KCA it is still not well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. Proper guarding system required in winter pastures to reduce the depredation pressure. |
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English |
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September |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1319 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R., Wangchuk, R. |
| Title |
Linking Snow Leopard Conservation and People-Wildlife Conflict Resolution: Grassroots Measures to Protect the Endangered Snow Leopard from Herder Retribution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Endangered Species UPDATE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
18 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
138-141 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Livestock depredation has become a significant problem across the snow leopard's (Panthera uncia) range in Central Asia, being most severe in and near protected areas. Such predation, especially incidents of “surplus killing,” in which five to 100 or more sheep and goats are lost in a single night, almost inevitably leads herders to retaliate by killing rare or endangered carnivores like snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Ironically, such loss can be avoided by making the night-time enclosures predator-proof, improving animal husbandry techniques, educating herders on wildlife conservation and the importance of protecting the natural prey base, and by providing economic incentives like handicrafts skills training and marketing, along with carefully planned ecotourism trekking and guiding. The author explores innovative conservation initiatives in the Himalaya (Ladakh and Tibet) and Mongolia, which also build local capacity, self-reliance, and stewardship for nature using Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action, or APPA, techniques. The most sound conservation investments are those contingent upon establishing direct linkages with biodiversity protection, ensuring co-financing and reciprocal responsibility for project activities, encouraging the full participation of all stakeholders, and assuring regular monitoring and evaluation of the village-based agreements (embodied in Action Plans). |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1335 |
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| Author |
Williams, N. |
| Title |
2008 International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards: Saving the Species Across its Range |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Cat News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
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Pages |
33-34 |
| Keywords |
Panthera, conference,Beijing, China, 2008, planning, Wildlife Conservation Society, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Network, Chinese Institute of Zoology |
| Abstract |
Over 100 snow leopard experts, enthusiasts, and government officials gathered in the outskirts of Beijing, China from March 7–11, 2008 for the firstever International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards. Conference organizers included Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Snow Leopard Network (SLN), and the Chinese Institute of Zoology. |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1344 |
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| Author |
Simms, A., Moheb, Z., Salahudin, Ali, H., Ali, I. & Wood, T. |
| Title |
Saving threatened species in Afghanistan: snow leopards in the Wakhan Corridor |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Environmental Studies |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
68 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
299-312 |
| Keywords |
Snow leopard; Camera trap; Governance; Rangers; Corral; Insurance |
| Abstract |
The Wakhan Corridor in northeast Afghanistan is an area known for relatively abundant wildlife and it appears to represent Afghanistan’s most important snow leopard landscape. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has been working in Wakhan since 2006. Recent camera trap surveys have documented the presence of snow leopards at 16 different locations in the landscape. These are the first camera trap records of snow leopards in Afghanistan. Threats to snow leopards in the region include the fur trade, retaliatory killing by shepherds and the capture of live animals for pets. WCS is developing an integrated management approach for this species, involving local governance, protection by a cadre of rangers, education, construction of predator-proof livestock corrals, a livestock insurance program, tourism and research activities. This management approach is expected to contribute significantly to the conservation of snow leopards and other wildlife species in the Wakhan. |
| Address |
Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, 2300 Southern Blvd, New York 10460, USA |
| Corporate Author |
Wildlife Conservation Society |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1347 |
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| Author |
Kanderian, N., Lawson, D., Zahler, P. |
| Title |
Current status of wildlife and conservation in Afghanistan |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Environmental Studies |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
68 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
281-298 |
| Keywords |
Afghanistan; Biodiversity; Deforestation; Hunting; Illegal trade; Agriculture; Livelihood; Governance; Survey; Training |
| Abstract |
Afghanistan’s position in latitude, geography and at the intersection of three biogeographic realms has resulted in a surprising biodiversity. Its wildlife includes species such as the snow leopard, Asiatic black bear, Marco Polo sheep, markhor and greater flamingo. Principal threats include high levels of deforestation, land encroachment and hunting for food and trade. Continuing security issues have also made it difficult to monitor species abundance and population trends. Over the last decade, however, survey efforts have provided the first collection of species and habitat data since the late 1970s. Initial findings are enabling the Government and rural communities to begin implementing important conservation measures. This process has included policy development and protected area planning, promoting alternative livelihoods and responsible community management, and continuing research into the status of biodiversity in the field. |
| Address |
Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, New York, 10460, USA |
| Corporate Author |
Wildlife Conservation Society |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1348 |
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| Author |
Kuznetsov, B.A. |
| Title |
Province of mountains of Central Asia |
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Journal Article |
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1948 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1350 |
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| Author |
Janeč ka, J.E., Munkhtsog, B., Jackson, R.M., Naranbaatar, G., Mallon, D.P. & Murphy, W.J. |
| Title |
Comparison of noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping techniques for surveying snow leopards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
771-783 |
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| Abstract |
The endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is widely but sparsely distributed throughout the mountainous regions of central Asia. Detailed information on the status and abundance of the snow leopard is limited because of the logistical challenges faced when working in the rugged terrain it occupies, along with its secretive nature. Camera-trapping and noninvasive genetic techniques have been used successfully to survey this felid. We compared noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping snow leopard surveys in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. We collected 180 putative snow leopard scats from 3 sites during an 8-day period along 37.74 km of transects. We then conducted a 65-day photographic survey at 1 of these sites, approximately 2 months after scat collection. In the site where both techniques were used noninvasive genetics detected 5 individuals in only 2 days of fieldwork compared to 7 individuals observed in the 65-day camera-trapping session. Estimates of population size from noninvasive genetics ranged between 16 and 19 snow leopards in the 314.3-km2 area surveyed, yielding densities of 4.9–5.9 individuals/100 km2. In comparison, the population estimate from the 65-day photographic survey was 4 individuals (adults only) within the 264-km2 area, for a density estimate of 1.5 snow leopards/100 km2. Higher density estimates from the noninvasive genetic survey were due partly to an inability to determine age and exclude subadults, reduced spatial distribution of sampling points as a consequence of collecting scats along linear transects, and deposition of scats by multiple snow leopards on common sites. Resulting differences could inflate abundance estimated from noninvasive genetic surveys and prevent direct comparison of densities derived from the 2 approaches unless appropriate adjustments are made to the study design. |
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American Society of Mammalogists |
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English |
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| Notes |
DOI: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1; URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1 |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1351 |
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