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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
On the behaviour of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) |
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1972 |
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Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society |
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69 |
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523-537 |
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predator; prey; hunting; scat; blue-sheep; Nepal; blue; sheep; browse; 2230 |
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Two or three snow leopards hunted in the study area in eastern Nepal. Describes content of some snow leopard scat |
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SLN @ rana @ 24 |
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862 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q. |
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Title |
The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China |
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1988 |
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Oryx |
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22 |
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4 |
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197-204 |
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China; Xinjiang; asia; refuges; parks; reserves; snow-leopard; prey; livestock; predators; herders; fur; management; snow leopard; browse; 930 |
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Snow leopards live in the mountains of Central Asia, their range stretching from Afganastan to Lake Baikal in Eastern Tibet. They are endangered throughout their range, being hunted as predators of mains livestock and for their skin. Much of the snow leopards range lies in China, but not enough is known about its staus there for effective conservation. As part of a project to assess China's high altitude wildlife resources the authors conducted a survey in Xinjiang- a vast arid region of deserts and mountains. Although the snow leopard and other wildlife have declined steeply in Xinjiang in recent decades, the cta still persists and one area has the potential to become one of the best refuges for the species in its entire range. Its future in XInjiang, howevere, depends on well protected reserves, enforcement of regulations against killing the animal, and proper managemnt of the prey species. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 129 |
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868 |
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Seidensticker, J.; Lumpkin, S. |
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Title |
The adaptable leopard; unfortunately it's no match for modern man |
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1996 |
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Wildlife Conservation |
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99 |
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3 |
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52 |
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predator; prey; poaching; hunting; behavior; feeding; conflict; habitat; browse; 1130 |
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Abstract: Leopards' adaptability has become the species' vulnerability. The animals do not hesitate to eat rotting flesh and will come back repeatedly to their meal, if disturbed. People have taken advantage of this by lacing carcasses with poison. Leopards are moderate in size compared to other cats, are stealthy and can live in areas as diverse as rain forests and deserts. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 291 |
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876 |
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Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. |
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Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park |
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1998 |
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Pakistan Journal of Forestry |
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48 |
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1-4 |
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91-96 |
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Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560 |
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Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category. |
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Document Type: English
Call Number: 634.909547 PA |
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SLN @ rana @ 342 |
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879 |
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Author |
Shah, K.B. |
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Title |
On a hunting pair of snow leopards in western Nepal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1989 |
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Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society |
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86 |
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236-237 |
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Keywords |
hunting; Nepal; predator; snow leopard |
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Bombay Natural History Society |
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Bombay, India |
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SLN @ rana @ 991 |
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880 |
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Author |
Sunquist, F. |
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Title |
Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1997 |
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International Wildlife |
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27 |
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1 |
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27-33 |
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Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people |
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The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples. |
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COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 330 |
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950 |
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Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur
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2009 |
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Oecologia |
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1-10 |
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browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
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Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Online |
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This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1062 |
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951 |
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Author |
Ward, A.E. |
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Title |
Game animals of Kashmir and adjacent hill provinces |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1921 |
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J.of Bombay Natural Historical Society. |
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29 |
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23-35 |
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Kashmir; predator; prey; diet; blue-sheep; blue; sheep; browse; 3150 |
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comments that snow leopard may take blue sheep as prey |
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SLN @ rana @ 10 |
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1007 |
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Wolf, M.; Ale, S. |
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Title |
Signs at the Top: Habitat Features Influencing Snow Leopard Uncia Uncia Activity in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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2009 |
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Journal of Mammalogy |
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90 |
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3 |
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604-611 |
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activity patterns,human activity,Nepal,predator-prey,sign data,Uncia uncia |
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We used logistic regression to examine factors that affected the spatial distribution of sign (scrapes, feces, footprints, spray or scent marks, and rubbing sites) in a newly reestablished population of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal. Our results indicate that terrain and human activity were the most important factors determining the spatial distribution of leopard activity, whereas presence of their major prey species (Himalayan tahr [Hemitragus jemlahicus]) had only a moderate effect. This suggests that localities at which these animals are active represent a trade-off between suitable habitat and avoidance of potential risk from anthropogenic origins. However, the influence of prey presence was likely underestimated because of the methodology used, and likely weighed in the trade-off as well. |
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Department of Biological Sciences (M/C 066), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 3352 SES, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA |
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SLN @ rana @ 1026 |
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1027 |
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Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. |
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Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
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2009 |
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Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution |
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55 |
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4 |
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315-327 |
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vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest |
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Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores. |
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Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. |
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Israel |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1109 |
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