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Author |
Afanasiev Y.G. |
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Title |
The Karatau nature reserve |
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Year |
1988 |
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20-33 |
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Keywords |
Kazakhstan; Karatau nature reserve; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 5880; Russian |
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Abstract |
The Karatau ridge is an extreme north-west spur of the Tien Shan mountain system. Flora of Karatau is represented by no less than 1,500 higher vessel plant species. Karatau and the adjacent areas host 16 reptile species, 114 bird and 42 mammal species. Snow leopard disappeared from fauna of Karatau in 20th century. In 1940-s, the animal species was met at the highest point of the ridge in the Manjilki area, particularly in tract Kor-Djailau. Now there are no snow leopards in the area under study a fact evidenced by local hunters and shepherds. |
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Russian |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 567 |
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35 |
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Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1987 |
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No. 13 |
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Keywords |
estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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English |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 467 |
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36 |
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Author |
Aizim B.M., S.E.D. |
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Title |
Snow leopard Felis uncia Schreb |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1969 |
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56-59 |
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Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5920; Russian |
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It says about snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, number, food, reproduction, and hunting behavioral patterns, and encounters with human beings. The only enemy of snow leopard is man. From economic point of view snow leopard is of interest only in terms of catching the animals for zoo-export. The skin of snow leopard in commercial trade is of negligent importance. Local population uses the skins for decorating walls, tailoring man's fur coats and sometimes as floor carpets. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 571 |
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43 |
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Author |
Aizin B.M. |
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Title |
Siberian ibex Capra sibirica Pall |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1969 |
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98-105 |
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Kyrgyzsatn; Siberian ibex; distribution; life history; diet; predators; snow leopard.; 5890; Russian |
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It describes status of ibex in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, behavioral patterns, enemies and competitors, etc. The enemies of ibex are snow leopard and wolf. All year round snow leopard preys on ibex its main food object and, therefore, should there be ibexes, snow leopards would be somewhere around. In winter, a considerable number of ibex dies from wolves. Sometimes dogs prey on ibex, too. Golden eagles and bearded vultures prey on young ibexes. However, poachers remain the most dangerous enemy. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 568 |
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44 |
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Author |
Aizin B.M. |
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Title |
Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1974 |
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Vol. 1. |
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19-20 |
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Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian |
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In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 569 |
Serial |
45 |
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Author |
Aizin B.M. |
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Title |
Rare predatory mammal species and their protection in Kyrgyzstan |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1979 |
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4-5 |
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Keywords |
Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5910; Russian |
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Snow leopard is met in all mountain ridges in Kyrgyzstan. Every year 7 10 animals are caught for the purpose of zoo export. Total population of snow leopard in the country does not exceed 1,400 animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of predatory mammals' protection and sustainable use. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 570 |
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46 |
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Author |
Aizin B.M. |
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Title |
Snow leopard |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1985 |
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22-23 |
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Keywords |
Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; biology; number; fluctuation; protection.; 5930; Russian |
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Snow leopard is a rare and endangered species, distributed in all mountain ridges of Kyrgyzstan. Its population is 1,400 animals, density being 0.2 0.5 animal per 1,000 ha. Its population was noticed to decrease in some ridges because of decreasing populations of mountain ungulates. 200 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export over the last 20 years. This species is protected in the nature reserves Sary Chelek, Besh Aral, and natural park Ala Archa. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kyrgyz SSR. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 572 |
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47 |
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Author |
Akimushkin I. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1971 |
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210-211 |
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Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; behavior; reproduction.; 5990; Russian |
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The biology of snow leopard is described in a popular form. Information of distribution, behavior and reproductive biology, etc. is given. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. |
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SLN @ rana @ 578 |
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48 |
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Author |
Akimushkin I. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1988 |
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139-140 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; number; food; behavior; reproduction; threats.; 6000; Russian |
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Snow leopard behavioral patterns, food preferences, and reproduction are described in a popular way. The population of snow leopard is defined to be 1,000 animals. A reason for the population decline is hunting for the sake of beautiful fur. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. Mammals or animals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 579 |
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49 |
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Author |
Ale, S.; Brown, J. |
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Title |
The contingencies of group size and vigilance |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
2007 |
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Evolutionary Ecology Research, |
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9 |
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1263-1276 |
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Keywords |
attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy |
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Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.
Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.
Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?
Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.
Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 886 |
Serial |
53 |
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