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Author |
Freeman, H., Braden, K. |
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Title |
Zoo location as a factopr in the reproductive behavior of captive snow leopards, Uncia uncia |
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1977 |
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Zoological Garten J.F. |
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47 |
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3/4 |
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280-288 |
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snow leopard, captivity, behavior, breeding, reproduction |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1256 |
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Author |
Chubykina, H.L., Shilo, R.A. |
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Title |
A study of diurnal activity rhythms in snow leopards and lynx (Panthera uncia and Felix lynx) at Novosibirsk Zoo |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
International Zoo Yearbook |
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21 |
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193-196 |
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snow leopard, captivity, activity, behaviors, Novosibirsk Zoo |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1211 |
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Author |
Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. |
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Title |
Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
4 |
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315-327 |
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Keywords |
vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest |
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Abstract |
Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores. |
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Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. |
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Israel |
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English |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1109 |
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McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. |
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Title |
First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Cat News |
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46 |
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Spring |
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22-23 |
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Keywords |
study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite |
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Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1009 |
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666 |
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Author |
McVittie, R. |
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Title |
Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Applied-Animal-Ethology |
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4 |
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2 |
Pages |
159-168 |
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Keywords |
suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580 |
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Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) |
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Document Type: English |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 37 |
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669 |
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Author |
Zhirjakov, V.A. |
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Title |
On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards |
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6 |
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25-30 |
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Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240 |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 168 |
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1078 |
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Author |
Nolte-Wilson, B. |
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Title |
Soveriegn of menaced realm: the snow leopard |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
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Natura WWF-Pakistan Newsletter |
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9 |
Issue |
2 |
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3-9 |
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Pakistan; browse; behavior; Chitrol-Gol; baiting; spays; pug; scrapes; habitat; 3130 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 171 |
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723 |
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Author |
Sloane, A.; Kelly, C.; McDavitt, S.; Marples, N. |
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Title |
Big cats in captivity: a quantitative analysis of enrichment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
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Adv.Etho |
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33 |
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43 |
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abnormal-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; zoos; enrichment; abnormal; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; browse; 1280; study; big; big cats; Cats; cat; zoo; effects; Lions; lion; jaguar; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; behaviour; using; activity; activities; change; presence; enclosures; range; scent; cage; horse; hides; management |
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Studies on three species of big cats at Dublin Zoo have led to firm conclusions about the effects of certain forms of enrichment, some of which will be presented here. Lions, jaguars, and snow leopards were studied over two years and their behaviours quantified using focal animal sampling during selected hours during daylight. By comparison of these activity budgets with and without the enrichments being present, it was possible to identify the exact behavioural changes caused by each enrichment method, and to quantify these changes. In this contribution we present results showing that the presence of a platform in both lion and jaguar enclosures dramatically reduced stereotypic pacing behaviour. We will demonstrate that the effects of short term enrichment devices may have a wide range of effects on behaviours which outlast the presence of the stimulus. For instance scents added to the cage, or food/play items such as horse hides, hidden fish or ice-blocks often reduce pacing and increase resting later in the day, even after the cats have ceased using the enrichment items. This reduction in pacing and increase in resting time often meant that the amount of the enclosure used per hour was actually reduced with the presence of new stimuli, as result opposite to what might have been expected. The results of these studies will be discussed in relation to effective animal management. |
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WILDLIFE REVIEW ABSTRACTS (“Contributions to the International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals, Berlin, Germany, 7-10 October 1998”; Hofer, Heribert; Pitra, Christian; Hofmann, Reinhold R., editors). |
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SLN @ rana @ 349 |
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897 |
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Author |
Subbotin, A.E.; Istomov, S.V. |
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The population status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan Mountain Ridge |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Doklady Biologicl Sciences |
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425 |
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183-186 |
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population; status; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Felidae; Carnivora; Sayan; mountain; Russian; Test; species; cat; Russia; area; range; Data; study; activity; activities; behavior; habitats; habitat; humans; Human; number; description; Animal; structure |
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The snow leopard (Uncia uncial Schreber, 1776) is the most poorly studied species of the cat family in the world and, in particular, in Russia, where the northern periphery of the species area (no more than 3% of it) is located in the Altai-Hangai-Sayan range [1]. It is generally known that the existing data on the Russian part of the snow leopard population have never been a result of targeted studies; at best, they have been based on recording the traces of the snow leopard vital activity [2]. This is explained by the snow leopard's elusive behavior, inaccessibility of its habitats for humans, and its naturally small total numbers in the entire species area. All published data on the population status of the snow leopard in Russia, from the first descriptions of the species [3-6] to the latest studies [7, 8] are subjective, often speculative, and are not confirmed by
quantitative estimates. It is obvious, however, that every accurate observation of this animal is of particular interest [9]. The purpose of our study was to determine the structure and size of the population group presumably inhabiting the Western Sayan mountain ridge at the northern boundary of the species area |
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Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. |
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0012-4966 |
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Original Russian test published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 425, No.6, pp.846-849. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1005 |
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941 |
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Author |
Rana, B.S. |
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Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh |
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1997 |
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J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc |
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94 |
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3 |
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553 |
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behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610 |
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The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 326 |
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804 |
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