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Author Riddell, Mand L.G.
Title Snow Leopard Expedition Kazakhstan 2004 Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; expedition; Central Asia; ecotourism; map; 5730
Abstract This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions. The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing. The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards. The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snowleopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990's over-hunting period. Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people's incentives to lower hunting levels. This report makes the following main recommendations:

ÿStrengthening law enforcement capacity

ÿIncreasing the number of ecological rangers

ÿIncreasing incentives of ecological rangers to prevent poaching

ÿEquipping the ecological rangers more sufficiently

ÿMore effective communication between ranger and National Park administrative regions

ÿThe involvement of all stakeholders in wildlife conservation including military officials and local herders

ÿWhistle blower policies to prevent illegal trade in all animals in the region

ÿMore geographic consistency between present and proposed protected areas in the region

 Accurate snow leopard monitoring to build on valuable information previously collected in Kazakhstan

 Provision of local incentives (ecotourism and community based hunting reserves) to reduce local hunting and local unemployment around the mountains

 Increased interest and technical assistance in Kazakhstan from conservation International Non-Governmental Organizations

 More government fund for the Institute of Zoology

 Stronger cross border (Kazakhstan-China) legislation implementation Further research could involve establishing an annual, standardized, snow leopard

survey in the range, or could compare these findings of threats to snow leopards to other regions in Kazakhstan (eg. The Altai) or Central Asia.

This report has been replicated for all the expedition sponsors, put on the internet, and

distributed among contacts in the snow leopard conservation community.

The expedition team also spent some time exploring and photographing some of the remoter valleys around the study pastures, and made a short video of the teams exploits. Links were made between KIMEP University in Almaty, and Newcastle University, registered a research centre with the Royal Geographical Society, and lectured about the Dzhungarian range and snow leopard conservation at; the Royal Geographical Society, Newcastle University, Royal Zoological Society for Scotland(Edinburgh Zoo), and Wilderness Lecturers (Bristol).
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 283 Serial 816
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Author Rashek V.A.
Title The Chatkal State nature reserve. Aksu Jabagly nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 157-161
Keywords Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Chatkal nature reserve; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; rare species; snow leopard.; 8040; Russian
Abstract It describes history of the Chatkal and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning hydrography, soils, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna, and main aspects of scientific work.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 782 Serial 806
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Author Proskuryakov M.A.
Title Almaty nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 459-464
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8010; Russian
Abstract A description of the Almaty nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 39 mammals and 117 birds. Snow leopard, wild ibex, brown bear, lynx, wild boar, red deer, wolf, fox etc. inhabited in the nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 779 Serial 796
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Author Oruntaeva K.B.
Title The Zailiyskiy natural national park Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 71-86
Keywords Kazakhstan; Zaaliyskiy national park; establishment; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7810; Russian
Abstract The Zailiyskiy state natural national park is suggested to establish in the center of northern micro slope of Zailiyskiy Alatau. There are 42 mammal, 138 bird, tow amphibian, and eight reptile and fish species, and 145 daylight butterfly species in the Zailiyskiy Alatay. Of them, seven mammal species such as argali, Tien Shan bear, snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, stone marten, Central Asian otter, and Indian porcupine are included in the Red Data Books of Kazakhstan and USSR.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 759 Serial 755
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Author Prokopov K.P.
Title The Red Data Book of vertebrate animals in eastern Kazakhstan Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 26-28
Keywords Kazakhstan; Eastern Kazakhstan; Red Data book; categories of threat; rare species; snow leopard; nature conservation; nature reserves.; 8000; Russian
Abstract After the inventory of all rare and endangered species the categories of threat in the Red Data Book of eastern Kazakhstan has changed for most of the species: 24 species were referred to category 1 (endangered species) (in Kazakhstan's Red Data Book 14 species); 26 (14) species to category 2 (decreasing species); 11 (24) to category 3 (rare); and 1 (3) to category 5 (rehabilitated). There are three nature reserves in the region: Markakol, West Alatai, and Alakol to protect wild vertebrate animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecosphere: Eastern Kazakhstan information and analytical journal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 778 Serial 795
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Author Plakhov K.N.
Title Menzbier's marmot in Kazakhstan Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 106-109
Keywords Kazakhstan; Menzbier's marmot; predators; snow leopard.; 7900; Russian
Abstract Menzbier's marmot is preyed on by snow leopard, bear, wolf, fox, bearded vulture, golden eagle, black vulture, and raven. A harm caused by the predators to the Kazakhstan population of marmot made up 2,000 3,000 in 2001.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 768 Serial 774
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Author Tsherbakov B.V.
Title About rare and endangered mammal species in the East Kazakhstan region Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 203-204
Keywords Kazakhstan; Eastern Kazakhstan province; distribution; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 8400; Russian
Abstract Given is data concerning numbers and distribution of yellow lemming on the Korjun cape and in the Karakas tract; dhole in the tundra zoneof the Azu-Tau ridge (South Alati) between Matabay and Urunkhaikoy, in the Salkanchok mountains; concering an encounter with snow leopard (March 25, 1981) in the upper river Bukhtarma near eastern extremity of the South Altai ridge, and argali in the mountain group Kalby-Baicha, the Taldy, Koktau, Monraka mountains (an area between Kusty and Kizil-Gain), near summit Shorbas.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan and its conservation problems. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 818 Serial 972
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Author Zinchenko Yu.K.
Title About characteristic of mammal fauna in the Markakol nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. II. Issue Pages 39-41
Keywords Kazakhstan; Markakol nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8830; Russian
Abstract 50 mammal species permanently live in the nature reserve. There penetrate snow leopard, wolf, corsac, and wild boar on a relatively regular basis. Moral, roe deer, and elk migrate outside the Markakol depression in winter. Though mentioned in literature as species inhabiting the nature reserve, beaver, stone marten, and dhole are not met there today.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union conference on cadastre and fauna counts. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 860 Serial 1091
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 51-54
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 856 Serial 1088
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume N 1-4. Issue Pages 184-199
Keywords Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian
Abstract The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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Notes Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 858 Serial 1087
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The Almaty nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 102-114
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian
Abstract It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 857 Serial 1086
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. II. Issue Pages 278-279
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian
Abstract The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 855 Serial 1085
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The influence of the predators on population trend of the ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 199-201
Keywords Kazakhstan; predators; ungulates; dencity; population trend; snow leopard.; 8770; Russian
Abstract The data on predators and ungulates population dynamics in Almaty Nature reserve (Kazakhstan) in 1983-1987s are given. The number of snow leopard is stable (3-5 individuals), the density is 0.06 indi/1000 ha. An insignificant increase of Siberian ibex' number (660 to 700) with density of 36 indi/1000 ha is recorded.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: All-Union Conference on cadastre and censusing of the animals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 854 Serial 1084
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The influence of large predators on wild mammal populations in the Almaty nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 37-39
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; Animals; predators; snow leopard; wolf; preys.; 8760; Russian
Abstract There are following large predators in the Almaty nature reserve: wolf (5-6), snow leopard (single occasions), Turkistan lynx (single occasions), and Tien Shan brown bear (15-20). The share of wild mammals (roe-deer, ibex, wild boar, argali, gazelle, moral, and badger) being eaten by predators is 18.2 percent, about 60 percent of the entire prey falling to the share of wolf.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 853 Serial 1083
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Ibex. Rare ungulate species of the Almaty nature reserve and their protection Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 141-154
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; aerial census; goitered gazelle; argali; ibex; predators; wolf; snow leopard; poaching; disturbance.; 8750; Russian
Abstract Collected are data on rare ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve in 1968-1973. Since recently the population of goitered gazelle has dropped sharply and is now 20-30 animals per seven ha. The nature reserve shall be expanded in order to protect the animals. Argali inhabits a desert area in the mountains of Greater and Lesser Kalkana. Argali sometimes migrates outside the nature reserve. Ibex inhabits a mountainous part of the nature reserve, its population being 10-13 animals per 1,000 ha. Predators have negligible impact on the ibex population (12.5 percent of deaths), which is preyed on solely by snow leopard and wolf.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of the USSR fauna. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 852 Serial 1082
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Author Yazan Yu.P.
Title The Almaty state nature reserve Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 162-164
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; insects; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8590; Russian
Abstract History of the Alma-Ata nature reserve establishment, its location physical and geographic data, climate, and vegetation zones are described. Fauna of the protected area is represented by 64 mammal species, and about 200 bird species. Briefly described are behavioural patterns of roe deer, moral, wild boar, Siberian ibex, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, and marten, and other mammals of the mountainous area.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 836 Serial 1058
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Author Satimbekov R.
Title Nature reserves of Kazakhstan and protection of rare predatory animal species Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 64-65
Keywords Kazakhstan; protected areas; snow leopard.; 8090; Russian
Abstract There are 20 snow leopards in the Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve, and three four families in the Alma-Ata nature reserve. Single snow leopards are known to be met in the Markakol nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 787 Serial 847
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Author Syroyechkovskiy E.E.
Title Kazakhstan and Central Asia Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 223-231
Keywords Central Asia; Kazakhstan; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8370; Russian
Abstract Common features, origin, and landscape and zonal peculiarities of fauna in Kazakhstan and Central Asia are described. This region is part of the Mediterranean and Central Asia sub-zone of Golarctic, while north-eastern part of Kazakhstan is incorporated in the Round-boreal sub-zone. The main features of nature (sharply continental climate, vast valleys and well-marked zoning combined with a sophisticated system of vertical mountain zoning) stipulate the abundance and diversity of fauna. There are over 100 fish species, some 100 reptile and amphibian species, about 500 bird and 160 mammal species here. Snow leopard can be found in Kazakhstan's part of the Altai, in the Tien Shan and Pamir mountains.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 815 Serial 954
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Author Strautman Ye.I.Bekenov A.
Title Rare and endangered vertebrate animas of Kazakhstan, and their protection Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 33-34
Keywords Kazakhstan; Red Data book; conservation measures; extinction risk; endangered species; snow leopard; protected areas.; 8330; Russian
Abstract In Kazakhstan, there are 158 mammal species, 485 bird species, 52 reptile and 12 amphibian species, and about 150 fish species, of which 31 mammal species, 43 bird species, eight reptile, one amphibian and four fish species need protection. Snow leopard is referred to endangered species. Six nature reserves and 43 preserves have been established to protect rare and endangered animal and plant species in Kazakhstan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 811 Serial 940
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopards in Ancient Artwork In Central Asia Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Snowline Abbreviated Journal
Volume xii Issue Pages
Keywords Kazakhstan; Kyryzstan; art; browse; paintings; 4630
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Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 450 Serial 923
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Author Sludsky A.A.
Title Genus Snow leopard Uncia Gray, 1854. Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreber, 1775 Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. III, Part 2. Issue Pages 222-240
Keywords Kazakhstan; taxonomy; distribution; number; biology; use; snow leopard.; 8190; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is rare and extinctive species that have scientific and aesthetic significance. The features of genus Uncia and species Uncia uncia are described. Also distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, infections and parasites, enemies and competitors, number and number fluctuation, practical value of snow leopard in the Kazakhstan are given.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Kazakhstan. Carnivora (Mustelidae, Felidae). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 797 Serial 900
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Author Sludskiy A.A.
Title Snow leopard or irbis Pantera (Uncia) uncia Schreber (1776) Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1973 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 34. Hunting mammals of Kazakhstan Issue Pages 74-83
Keywords Ussr; Kazakhstan; snow leopard; species range; distribution; number; habitats; hunting; pelts; conservation measures.; 8170; Russian
Abstract A detailed description of the snow leopard habitat in Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, and India is given. Provided are data concerning its distribution and population size in the USSR, Kazakhstan and other neighbour countries, as well as its habitat, catching, and fur trade. Reduction of the snow leopard catching volumes for zoological trade to 10 or less animals is recommended to preserve the species; establish two new highland nature reserves; improve the management of snow leopard raising in captivity.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Volumes of the Institute of Zoology, Kazakh SSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 795 Serial 898
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Author Shnitnikov V.N.
Title Rocks and taluses. Snow leopard, Irbis Felis irbis Shreb Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1936 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 44-49
Keywords Kazakhstan; Semerechie; fauna; snow leopard.; 8150; Russian
Abstract In Semerechie, snow leopard is not a rare species. In 1931, 53 snow leopards were hunted in southern Semerechie. In the past, at the markets of Central Tien Shan one could buy skins or live snow leopards, which were in demand abroad. Probably, number of snow leopards in Semerechie has increased. Now, it can be found not only in remote areas but in the vicinity of settlements (snow leopards, for instance, were observed some 20 30 km from Almaty, and 60 km from Frunze). Snow leopard preys mainly on ibex (¥…dr… sibiri¤…), snow-cock (O†traogallus himalauenses), and numerous argali – in some areas. The animal will never attack a man, even if wounded.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Semerechie. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 793 Serial 886
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Author Shnitnikov V.N.
Title Rocks and taluses. Alpine meadows. Economic value of local animals Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1934 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. 1. South Kazakhstan. Issue Pages 86-88
Keywords Kazakhstan; mountains; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8140; Russian
Abstract It reviews fauna of rocks, taluses, and alpine meadows of South Kazakhstan. The most typical mammal of rocks and taluses are picas (I¤hotona rutila and I. macrotis), ibex (¥…dr… sibirica), and snow leopard (Felis irbis). Besides, snow leopard, along with Tien Shan bear (Ursus l†u¤Œn¢o), ibex, mountain wolf (¥uŒn alpinus) and others, is met in the alpine meadow zone. Zoo-export of snow leopards to the zoos does not result in extermination of the animals but generates income. Various animal species are subject to trade as zoos do not limit their collections with some specific species or groups; quite the contrary they are interested in obtaining each species. Valuable animals exported from Kazakhstan are tiger, snow leopard, Tien-Shan bear, argali, and mountain wolf. The latter costs 1,000 roubles in gold, and argali even 1,500 roubles.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 792 Serial 885
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Author Sheikin A.O.
Title Fleas of the carnivores of Kazakhstan (preliminary results of the data 1970-1888) Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 353-361
Keywords Kazakhstan; carnivores; ectoparasites; fleas; snow leopard.; 8130; Russian
Abstract The analysis of the data of national collection of Parasitological museum of Kazakh Antiplague Institute on ectoparasites from 12 species of carnivores that can be found in Kazakhstan: caracal, snow leopard, ermine, mountain weasel etc. helped to determine the species of fleas and their hosts specialization. Fleas were found on 57 animals/ 50 species of fleas were found, which can be specified to 23 genera, the total number is 525. The specific ones for the carnivores are 6 species fleas. The very low density of ectoparasites was indicated for caracal and snow leopard.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 791 Serial 882
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