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Khanyari, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Dickinson, E., Khara, A., Rana, R. S., Vineer, H. R., Morgan, E. R. |
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Predicting Parasite Dynamics in Mixed-Use Trans-Himalayan Pastures to Underpin Management of Cross-Transmission Between Livestock and Bharal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2021 |
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Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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8 |
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714241 |
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1 - 21 |
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disease, Trans-Himalaya, livestock, nematodes, bharal, model, ungulates, grazing |
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The complexities of multi-use landscapes require sophisticated approaches to addressing disease transmission risks. We explored gastro-intestinal nematode (GINs) infections in the North India Trans-Himalayas through a socio-ecological lens, integrating parasite transmission modelling with field surveys and local knowledge, and evaluated the likely effectiveness of potential interventions. Bharal (blue sheep; Pseudois nayaur), a native wild herbivore, and livestock share pasture year-round and livestock commonly show signs of GINs infection. While both wild and domestic ungulates had GINs infections, egg counts indicated significantly higher parasite burdens in bharal than livestock. However, due to higher livestock densities, they contributed more to the total count of eggs and infective larvae on pasture. Herders also reported health issues in their sheep and goats consistent with parasite infections. Model simulations suggested that pasture infectivity in this system is governed by historical pasture use and gradually accumulated larval development during the summer, with no distinct short-term flashpoints for transmission. The most effective intervention was consequently predicted to be early-season parasite suppression in livestock using temperature in spring as a cue. A 1-month pause in egg output from livestock could lead to a reduction in total annual availability of infective larvae on pasture of 76%, potentially benefitting the health of both livestock and bharal. Modelling suggested that climate change over the past 33 years has led to no overall change in GINs transmission potential, but an increase in the relative influence of temperature over precipitation in driving pasture infectivity. Our study provides a transferable multi-pronged approach to investigating disease transmission, in order to support herders’ livelihoods and conserve wild ungulates. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1673 |
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Franchini, M., Atzeni, L., Lovari, S., Nasanbat, B., Ravchig, S., Herrador, F. C., Bombieri, G., Augugliaro, C. |
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Spatio-temporal behaviour of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia |
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2022 |
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Current Zoology |
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zoac093 |
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avoidance, facilitation, Mongolia, Panthera uncia, ungulates, Vulpes vulpes. |
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The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation. Conversely, interactions between predators and prey are mainly driven by the prey reducing the likelihood of encounters with predators. In this study, we investigated (i) the spatio-temporal interactions between an apex (the snow leopard) and a meso-predator (the red fox), and (ii) the temporal interactions between the snow leopard and its potential prey (Siberian ibex, argali, Asian wild ass, Tolai hare) through camera-trapping in the Mongolian Great Gobi-A. The probability of occurrence for the red fox was higher in presence of the snow leopard than in its absence. Moreover, the red fox activity pattern matched that of the snow leopard, with both species mostly active at sunset. This positive spatio-temporal interaction suggests that the presence of the snow leopard may be beneficial for the red fox in terms of scavenging opportunities. However, other explanations may also be possible. Amongst prey, the Siberian ibex and the argali were mainly active during the day, whereas the Asian wild ass and the Tolai hare were more nocturnal. These findings suggest that potential prey (especially the Siberian ibex and the argali) may shape their behaviour to decrease the opportunity of encounters with the snow leopard. Our results have revealed complex interactions between apex and smaller predators and between apex predator and its potential prey. |
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1706 |
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Moheb, Z., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Ostrowski, S., Zahler, P. I., Fuller, T. K. |
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Using double-observer surveys to monitor urial and ibex populations in the Hindu Kush of Wakhan National Park, Afghanistan |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2022 |
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Oryx |
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1-7 |
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Capra sibirica, density, double-observer survey, herd composition, herd size, Ovis vignei, ungulates, viewshed |
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We surveyed the urial Ovis vignei and Siberian ibex Capra sibirica in the Hindu Kush mountain range of Wakhan National Park in north-eastern Afghanistan to determine their population status and identify potential drivers of population change. We conducted two double- observer ground surveys, in April–May 2015 and 2018, in 10 areas (total = 288 km2). Urial herds were mostly com- posed of both sexes (78% of observed herds), the mean adult sex ratio (females:males) was 100:70, and the mean female:juvenile ratio was 100:53. In 2018 we calculated a urial density of 35/100 km2, compared to 72/100 km2 in 2015. Ibex herds were mostly (79%) composed of both sexes, the mean adult sex ratio (females:males) was 100:103, and the mean female:juvenile ratio was 100:58. Ibex density estimates were similar in 2015 and 2018 (c. 250/100 km2). We discuss the usefulness of the double-observer methods for ungulate surveys, highlight the value of viewshed calculations and discuss the possible causes of urial population decline. To ensure the conservation of these ungulate populations, we recommend continued regular monitoring, measures to address poaching and research to clarify the taxonomical status of urials in Wakhan. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1707 |
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Zhiryakov V.A. |
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Title |
Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1986 |
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51-54 |
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Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian |
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Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 856 |
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1088 |
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Zhiryakov V.A. |
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Title |
Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1990 |
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Vol. II. |
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278-279 |
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Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian |
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The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 855 |
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1085 |
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Zhiryakov V.A. |
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The influence of the predators on population trend of the ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1989 |
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199-201 |
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Kazakhstan; predators; ungulates; dencity; population trend; snow leopard.; 8770; Russian |
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The data on predators and ungulates population dynamics in Almaty Nature reserve (Kazakhstan) in 1983-1987s are given. The number of snow leopard is stable (3-5 individuals), the density is 0.06 indi/1000 ha. An insignificant increase of Siberian ibex' number (660 to 700) with density of 36 indi/1000 ha is recorded. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: All-Union Conference on cadastre and censusing of the animals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 854 |
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1084 |
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Zhiryakov V.A. |
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Ibex. Rare ungulate species of the Almaty nature reserve and their protection |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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1976 |
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141-154 |
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Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; aerial census; goitered gazelle; argali; ibex; predators; wolf; snow leopard; poaching; disturbance.; 8750; Russian |
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Collected are data on rare ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve in 1968-1973. Since recently the population of goitered gazelle has dropped sharply and is now 20-30 animals per seven ha. The nature reserve shall be expanded in order to protect the animals. Argali inhabits a desert area in the mountains of Greater and Lesser Kalkana. Argali sometimes migrates outside the nature reserve. Ibex inhabits a mountainous part of the nature reserve, its population being 10-13 animals per 1,000 ha. Predators have negligible impact on the ibex population (12.5 percent of deaths), which is preyed on solely by snow leopard and wolf. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of the USSR fauna. |
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SLN @ rana @ 852 |
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1082 |
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Bhatnagar, Y.V.; Stakrey, R.W.; Jackson, R. |
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A Survey of Depredation and Related Wildlife-Human Conflicts in Hemis National Park, Ladakh (India) |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2000 |
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Snow Line |
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xvi |
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3 |
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Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; conflicts; herders; livestock; predator; prey; grazing; ungulates; economics; Hemis; browse; 4430 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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SLN @ rana @ 431 |
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136 |
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Vorobjov A.G. |
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Ungulates (Artiodactyla) of the Western Tien Shan (Distribution and number within Kyrgyzstan) |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2002 |
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68-72 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Western Tien Shan; distribution; number; ungulates; predators; wolf; Lynx; snow leopard; commercial hunting.; 8520; Russian |
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Materials on numbers and densities of 8 ungulates (Sus scrofa nigripes, Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus, Cervus elaphus, Cervus nippon, Cervus dama, Capra sibirica formosovi, Ovis ammon karelini, Bison bonasus) within the Chatkal …nd Talas Ranges are given. A critical analysis is also presented on prospects for development of the commercial hunting tourism as opportunities for additional assignments in measures on conservation of the Western Tien Shan biodiversity |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 829 |
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992 |
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Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K. |
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Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2007 |
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Oryx |
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41 |
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89-92 |
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Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife |
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From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas. |
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http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf |
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SLN @ rana @ 884 |
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