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| Author |
Hellstrom, M., Kruger, E., Naslund, J., Bisther, M., Edlund, A., Hernvall, P., Birgersson, V., Augusto, R., Lancaster, M. L. |
| Title |
Capturing environmental DNA in snow tracks of polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard towards individual identification |
Type  |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Conservation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
1250996 |
Pages |
1-9 |
| Keywords |
nuclear eDNA, snow, snow track, individual, polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), sampling protocol |
| Abstract |
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive large carnivores inhabiting snow-covered and remote areas. Their effective conservation and management are challenged by inadequate population information, necessitating development of novel data collection methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from snow tracks (footprints in snow) has identified species based on mitochondrial DNA, yet its utility for individual-based analyses remains unsolved due to challenges accessing the nuclear genome. We present a protocol for capturing nuclear eDNA from polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard snow tracks and verify it through genotyping at a selection of microsatellite markers. We successfully retrieved nuclear eDNA from 87.5% (21/24) of wild polar bear snow tracks, 59.1% (26/44) of wild Eurasian lynx snow tracks, and the single snow leopard sampled. We genotyped over half of all wild polar bear samples (54.2%, 13/24) at five loci, and 11% (9/44) of wild lynx samples and the snow leopard at three loci. Genotyping success from Eurasian lynx snow tracks increased to 24% when tracks were collected by trained rather than untrained personnel. Thirteen wild polar bear samples comprised 11 unique genotypes and two identical genotypes; likely representing 12 individual bears, one of which was sampled twice. Snow tracks show promise for use alongside other non-invasive and conventional methods as a reliable source of nuclear DNA for genetic mark-recapture of elusive and threatened mammals. The detailed protocol we present has utility for broadening end user groups and engaging Indigenous and local communities in species monitoring. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1738 |
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Johansson, O., Alexander, J. S., Lkhagvajav, P., Mishra, C., Samelius, G. |
| Title |
Natal dispersal and exploratory forays through atypical habitat in the mountain-bound snow leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2024 |
Issue |
e4264 |
Pages |
1-4 |
| Keywords |
connectivity, Gobi Desert, landscape permeability, Mongolia, Panthera uncia, resistance, steppe |
| Abstract |
Understanding how landscapes affect animal movements is key to effective conservation and management (Rudnick et al., 2012; Zeller et al., 2012). Movement defines animal home ranges, where animals generally access resources such as food and mates, and also their dispersal and exploratory forays. These movements are important for individual survival and fitness through genetic exchange within and between populations and for colonization of unoccupied habitats (Baguette et al., 2013; MacArthur & Wilson, 1967). Dispersal and exploratory movements typically occur when young animals leave their natal range and establish more permanent home ranges (Greenwood, 1980; Howard, 1960). In mammals, natal dispersal of males is usually more frequent and happens over greater distances compared with that of females (Clobert et al., 2001; Greenwood, 1980). |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1742 |
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Sanyal, O., Bashir, T., Rana, M., Chandan, P. |
| Title |
First photographic record of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Oryx |
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1-5 |
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Camera trapping, India, Kashmir Himalaya, Kishtwar, Panthera uncia, photographic record, snow leopard |
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The snow leopard Panthera uncia is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is the least well-known of the large felids because of its shy and elusive nature and the inaccessible terrain it inhabits across the mountains of Central and South Asia. We report the first photographic record of the snow leopard in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, India. During our camera-trapping surveys, conducted using a grid-based design, we obtained eight photographs of snow leopards, the first at 3,280 m altitude on 19 September 2022 and subsequent photographs over 3,004-3,878 m altitude. We identified at least four different individuals, establishing the species’ occurrence in Kiyar, Nanth and Renai catchments, with a capture rate of 0.123 ± SE 0.072 captures/100 trap-nights. ghts. We also recorded the presence of snow leopard prey species, including the Siberian ibex Capra sibirica, Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster, long-tailed marmot Marmota caudata and pika Ochotona sp., identifying the area as potential snow leopard habitat. Given the location of Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, this record is significant for the overall snow leopard conservation landscape in India. We recommend a comprehensive study across the Kishtwar landscape to assess the occupancy, abundance, demography and movement patterns of the snow leopard and its prey. In addition, interactions between the snow leopard and pastoral communities should be assessed to understand the challenges facing the conservation and management of this important high-altitude region. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1750 |
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| Author |
Chadwick, D.H. |
| Title |
Out of the Shadows: The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a |
Type |
Magazine Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
National geographic |
Abbreviated Journal |
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213 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
106-129 |
| Keywords |
conservation, research, snow leopard, Uncia uncia |
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The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a risk-filled future. |
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National Geographic Society |
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National Geographic Society |
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1113 |
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Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K. |
| Title |
Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal |
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Miscellaneous |
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2007 |
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Oryx |
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41 |
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89-92 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife |
| Abstract |
From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas. |
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http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf |
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SLN @ rana @ 884 |
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58 |
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Barnett, K.C.; Lewis, J.C.M. |
| Title |
Multiple ocular colobomas in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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2002 |
Publication |
Veterinary Ophthalmology |
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5 |
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197-199 |
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captive; Coloboma; cub; eyelid; ocular fundus; snow leopard; Uncia uncia |
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Two singleton female snow leopard cubs are reported with bilateral central upper lid colobomas. In addition, one cub had a coloboma of the fundus in one eye extending from the lower optic disc region. Surgical treatment by wedge resection was successful in both cases. Details of ocular colobomas in the other snow leopards reported in the literature are described and it is suggested that the exact etiology of the condition in this species may be discovered by further study of similar colobomas in the domestic cat. |
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SLN @ rana @ 913 |
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119 |
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Blomqvist, L. |
| Title |
Status of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in 1987 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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International Zoo News |
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3-11 |
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captive; panthera uncia; snow leopard; status |
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SLN @ rana @ 917 |
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163 |
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Blomqvist, L.; Dexel, B. |
| Title |
In Focus: Declining numbers of wild snow leopards |
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Miscellaneous |
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2006 |
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EAZA Zoo News |
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26-27 |
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asia; Cites; conflict; habitat loss; herder; laws; poaching; protection; snow leopard; threat; trade; Uncia uncia |
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International collaboration to ensure the long-term survival of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the wild is today more acutely needed than ever! Trade in live snow leopards, their skins and bones, has during the last decade reached such extensiveness that the species is in danger of being wiped out from many of its former habitats. All recent surveys support declining populations throughout most of their range. |
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SLN @ rana @ 887 |
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172 |
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Espinosa-Aviles, D.; Taylor, M.L.; Del Rocio Reyes-Montes, M.; Pe'rez-Torrez, A. |
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Molecular findings of disseminated histoplasmosis in two captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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2008 |
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Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine |
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39 |
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450-454 |
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captive; histoplasmosis; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular; snow leopard; Uncia uncia |
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This paper reports two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Histoplasmosis was diagnosed based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular findings. |
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SLN @ rana @ 907 |
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268 |
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| Author |
Fox, J. |
| Title |
A Review of the Status and Ecology of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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5440; status; ecology; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Booklet |
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SLN @ rana @ 528 |
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285 |
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