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	Author	Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H.
	Title	Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	74-83
	Keywords	behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo
	Abstract	This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 915			Serial	202
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	Author	Gvozdetskiy N.A.
	Title	Altitudal landscape zones			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1970	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	142-151
	Keywords	Central Asia; geobotany; zoogeography; mountain zones; Animals; snow leopard.; 6840; Russian
	Abstract	It provides geobotanic and zoogeographic description of vertical landscape zoning. Particularly, in alpine meadows and meadow steppes and partially zone of mountain plateau (“syrt”) of highland, the common species are argali (Ovis ammon poloi), ibex (Capra sibirica sakeen), snow leopard (Felis uncia), Tien Shan bear (Ursus arctos leuconyx), and red pica; very numerous are marmots and vole (Microtus gregalis). The bird fauna includes Himalayan snow-cock (Tetraogallus himalayensis), Alpine chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), chough (P. pyrrhocorax), horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), rosefinch species. There are many waterfowl birds on the lakes. There are many Central Asian, particularly Tibetan species among the animals inhabiting highlands of the Tien Shan.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Physical geography of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 662			Serial	364
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	Author	Helman, R.G.; Russell, W.C.; Jenny, A.; Miller, J.; Payeur, J.
	Title	Diagnosis of tuberculosis in two snow leopards using polymerase chain reaction			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue		Pages	89-92
	Keywords	Disease; Mycobacterium; skin; snow leopard; zoo
	Abstract	The incidence of tuberculosis in zoological animal collections is low, and the disease is monitored through skin testing primarily in primates and artiodactylids.15,16 Other exotic animals are clearly at risk; tuberculosis has been described in elephants (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis), rhinoceros (M. bovis), felids (M. bovis), foxes (M. bovis), birds (M. avium complex, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis), and reptiles, amphibians, and fish (cryophilic Mycobacterium species). 1,2,4,6,8-10,13,14,17 Mycobacterial infections in mammals and birds serve as a potential source of disease that can spread to other animals and to humans.7,15,16 In humans, M. bovis and M. tuberculosis are the most important mycobacteria in the USA.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 888			Serial	381
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	SSC Plan for Snow Leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard
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	Notes	Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 201			Serial	450
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	Author	Kashkadarinskaya Pravda Newspaper.
	Title	Snow leopard goes to Frunze			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1983	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	79 (26-11)	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Alatoo mountain; Karakol gorge; snow leopard; catching; Zoo.; 7130; Russian
	Abstract	In canyon Karakol of the Alatoo ridge, a snow leopard was caught for a zoo of Frunze.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Newspaper Kashkadarinskaya Pravda.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 691			Serial	517
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	Author	Kuzminykh I.A.
	Title	Reproduction of snow leopards in captivity			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1983	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	116-118
	Keywords	Russia; Moscow Zoo; snow leopard; captivity; selection; reproduction; 7480; Russian
	Abstract	Information concerning keeping, reproduction, and having young generations of snow leopards in the Moscow Zoo.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammal species of the USSR and their protection. Proceedings of the Third all-Union meeting.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 726			Serial	598
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	Author	Marma B.B.and Yunchis V.V.
	Title	A contribution to biology of the Snow-leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) (by observations in captivity)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1968	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	XLVII, issue 11.	Issue		Pages	1689-1694
	Keywords	Lithuania; Kaunas zoological garden; breeding; blood characteristics; physiological characteristics; captivity; duration of pregnancy; birth; cubs; feeding; snow leopard.; 7610; Russian
	Abstract	The methods to obtain the progeny of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) in captivity were being elaborated in the zoological garden of Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR. The blood characteristics for snow leopards is given and compared to that for African lions and Sumatrian tigers. A series of internal, external and clinical indices is established. The rat lasts for 5-7 day, the duration of pregnancy equals 98 days. The duration of lactation varies from 3 to 4 months. Sexual maturity is attained on the 3rd-4th year. From 1960 to 1967 in zoological garden of the world about 29 snow leopards were born, 14 of them in the Kaunas zoological garden.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological journal			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 739			Serial	648
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	Author	Peden, W.M.; Richard, J.L.; Trampel, D.W.; Brannian, R.E.
	Title	Mycotic pneumonia and meningoencephalitis due to Aspergillus terreus in a neonatal snow leopard (Panthera uncia)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1985	Publication	Journal of Wildlife Diseases	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	21	Issue		Pages	301-305
	Keywords	Aspergillus; hand rearing; Meningoencephalitis; panthera uncia; Pneumonia; snow leopard; zoological
	Abstract	On 14 May 1983, two female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) cubs were born in the Kansas City Zoological Gardens to a primiparous female. The female showed little interest in the cubs, one of which had a body temperature of 30 C, so they were removed for hand-rearing. On 15 May, one cub was less active, and did not nurse as well as its littermate.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 895			Serial	765
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	Author	Pokrovskiy V.S.
	Title	The role of zoos in conservation of rare predator mammal species			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	54-56
	Keywords	snow leopard; captive breeding; Zoo.; 7950; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopards are kept in 50 zoos worldwide, where some 70 animals were born. There are 26 snow leopards in 28 zoos of the USSR. The zoos of Chicago and Kaunas are specialized in breeding snow leopards.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 773			Serial	781
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	Author	Sosnovskiy I.P.
	Title	Backstage of the Zoo			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1981	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	52-79
	Keywords	Russia; Moscow Zoo; zootechnik service; veterinary service; reptiles; birds; mammals; carnivores; snow leopard.; 8300; Russian
	Abstract	It describes the Moscow Zoo services organization in a popular form; examples from every day work of the technical staff and zoo technical and veterinary service, animals' behaviour outside the cages are given.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Live museums.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 808			Serial	916
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