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Author Ferretti, F., Lovari, S. url 
  Title Predation may counteract climatic change as a driving force for movements of mountain ungulates Type (down) Report
  Year 2016 Publication Behavioural-Processes Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 129 Pages 101-104  
  Keywords Climate change, Environmental change, Interspecific interactions, Large cats, Predator-prey interactions  
  Abstract Temperature variations are expected to influence altitudinal movements of mountain herbivores and, in

turn, those of their predators, but relevant information is scarce. We evaluated monthly relationships

between temperature and altitude used by a large mountain-dwelling herbivore, the Himalayan tahr

Hemitragus jemlahicus, and its main predator, the snow leopard Panthera uncia, in an area of central

Himalaya for five consecutive years (2006–2010). In contrast to expectations, there was no significant

direct relationship between altitude of tahr sightings and temperature. The mean altitude of tahr sightings

decreased by c. 200 m throughout our study. As expected, snow leopard movements tracked those of tahr,

although the core area of the snow leopard did not move downwards. Tahr remained the staple of the

snow leopard diet: we suggest that the former did not move upwards in reaction to higher temperature

to avoid encounters with the latter. Avoidance of competition with the larger common leopard Panthera

pardus at lower altitudes could explain why snow leopards did not shift their core area downwards.

Apparently, interspecific interactions (predation; competition) influenced movements of Himalayan tahr

and snow leopards more than climatic variations.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1441  
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Author Abramov V.K. url 
  Title Ecological basis of the conservation of large predators in USSR Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol.I. Issue Pages 7-8  
  Keywords Ussr; large predators; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 5850; Russian  
  Abstract Problems of conservation of large predators (Felis tigris L., Panthera pardus L., Felis uncia Schreb., Acinonyx jubatus Schreb., Hyaena h¢…†n… L., Cuon alpinus Pall., Ursus maritimus Phipps, U.tibetanus Cuv.) inhabiting territory of USSR are discussed.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 1st International Congress on mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 564 Serial 31  
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Author Aizin B.M. url 
  Title Siberian ibex Capra sibirica Pall Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 98-105  
  Keywords Kyrgyzsatn; Siberian ibex; distribution; life history; diet; predators; snow leopard.; 5890; Russian  
  Abstract It describes status of ibex in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, behavioral patterns, enemies and competitors, etc. The enemies of ibex are snow leopard and wolf. All year round snow leopard preys on ibex its main food object and, therefore, should there be ibexes, snow leopards would be somewhere around. In winter, a considerable number of ibex dies from wolves. Sometimes dogs prey on ibex, too. Golden eagles and bearded vultures prey on young ibexes. However, poachers remain the most dangerous enemy.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 568 Serial 44  
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Author Ale, S.; Whelan, C. url 
  Title Reappraisal of the role of big, fierce predators Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Biodiversity Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 685-690  
  Keywords Biodiversity ú Conservation ú Costs of predation ú Indirect effects ú Non-lethal effects ú Predators ú Top-down control; big; predators; predator  
  Abstract The suggestion in the early 20th century that top predators were a necessary component of ecosystems because they hold herbivore populations in check and promote biodiversity was at Wrst accepted and then largely rejected. With the advent of Evolutionary Ecology and a more full appreciation of direct and indirect effects of top predators, this role of top predators is again gaining acceptance. The previous views were predicated upon lethal effects of predators but largely overlooked their non-lethal effects. We suggest that

conceptual advances coupled with an increased use of experiments have convincingly demonstrated that prey experience costs that transcend the obvious cost of death. Prey species use adaptive behaviours to avoid predators, and these behaviours are not cost-free. With predation risk, prey species greatly restrict their use of available habitats and consumption of available food resources. Effects of top predators consequently cascade down to the trophic levels below them. Top predators, the biggies, are thus both the targets of and the means for conservation at the landscape scale.
 
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 885 Serial 52  
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Author Ale, S.; Brown, J. url 
  Title The contingencies of group size and vigilance Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 2007 Publication Evolutionary Ecology Research, Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 1263-1276  
  Keywords attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy  
  Abstract Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.

Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.

Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?

Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.

Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 886 Serial 53  
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Author Anonymous url 
  Title International Specialists Discuss China's Threatened Cats Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; Iucn; habitat; predator; prey; livestock; herders; conflict; hunting; poaching; trapping; bones; medicine; trade; development; Slims; Cites; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; browse; protected; areas; 3990  
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  Notes Full text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 186 Serial 80  
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Author Anonymous url 
  Title Livestock Predation Control Workshop Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Lahul-Spiti; Ladakh; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; argali; abix; blue-sheep; wolves; distribution; status; population; poaching; hunting; trade; skins; livestock; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; prey-depletion; herders; habitat; habitat-degradation; tourism; Tmi; Islt; predator; prey; conflict; compensation; trekking; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; depletion; degradation; international snow leopard trust; 3940  
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  Notes Full Text at URLDate of Meeting: Ladakh (1999 Oct 6- Oct 10 ) Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 359 Serial 86  
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Author Baidavletov R.J. url 
  Title Large predators of the Kazakhstan Altai and their importance for hunting industry Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 79-81  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Altai; large predators; snow leopard; distribution; number; preys.; 6110; Russian  
  Abstract Fauna of large predatory mammals in the Kazakhstan Altai is represented by five species: wolf, bear, glutton, lynx, and snow leopard. Snow leopard inhabits the Sarymsakty and Tarbagai ridges and South Altai. This species is observed to regularly penetrate into the Kutun and Kurchum ridges. Its habitat covers an area of 1,800 sq. km, its population being 14-16 animals. The population density is 0.7 1.0 animals per 100 sq. km. A hunting area of a female animal with two cubs is 45 85 sq. km; a male 120 sq. km. Snow leopard main preys on ibex (41.1 percent), roe-deer (31.0 percent), and moral (13.8 percent); in summer on gray marmot (28.6 percent). Snow leopard is also known to prey on hares, birds, argali, and elks.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 590 Serial 107  
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Author Bhatnagar, Y.V.; Stakrey, R.W.; Jackson, R. url 
  Title A Survey of Depredation and Related Wildlife-Human Conflicts in Hemis National Park, Ladakh (India) Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xvi Issue Pages 3  
  Keywords Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; conflicts; herders; livestock; predator; prey; grazing; ungulates; economics; Hemis; browse; 4430  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
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  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 431 Serial 136  
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Author Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S. url 
  Title Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India Type (down) Miscellaneous
  Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 11  
  Keywords India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970  
  Abstract The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990.  
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  Notes full text available at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 305 Serial 223  
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