Abstract: The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in human use landscapes in the mountains of South and Central Asia. Conservationists generally agree that snow leopards must be conserved through a land-sharing approach, rather than land-sparing in the form of strictly protected areas. Effective conservation through land-sharing requires a good understanding of how snow leopards respond to human use of the landscape. Snow leopard density is expected to show spatial variation within a landscape because of variation in the intensity of human use and the quality of habitat. However, snow leopards have been difficult to enumerate and monitor. Variation in the density of snow leopards remains undocumented, and the impact of human use on their populations is poorly understood. We examined spatial variation in snow leopard density in Spiti Valley, an important snow leopard landscape in India, via spatially explicit capture-recapture analysis of camera trap data. We camera trapped an area encompassing a minimum convex polygon of 953 km2. Our best model estimated an overall density of 0.5 (95% CI: 0.31–0.82) mature snow leopards per 100 km2. Using AIC, our best model showed the density of snow leopards to depend on estimated wild prey density, movement about activity centres to depend on altitude, and the expected number of encounters at the activity centre to depend on topography. Models that also used livestock biomass as a density covariate ranked second, but the effect of livestock was weak. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining high density pockets of wild prey populations in multiple-use landscapes to enhance snow leopard conservation.

Abstract: During 21-28 December of 2007 in a framework of the ‘Tsagaangol’ project wool processing training for one week was held in Ulaangom city.
Totally, 6 people, of which 2 herders from Uureg community, 3 herders from Argaltkharig community and 1 ranger have participated.
In accordance to the curricula of the training had held 4 hours of theoretical lectures and 94 hours of practical exercises. The intermediate level course was provided for two people Mrs. Yanjinlham and Odontuya who previously involved in basic level training. Mrs. Yanjilham also was trained as trainer during this session as following the guidelines came from the trainers. During this she taught on how to design, cut out and color. During the training herders obtained the following skills:
- Clean, sort, lay out and color wool;
- 14 -16 skills on felting and tighten wool accepted internationally;
- Drawing on felt or paper with different scales;
- 4 different technology on drawing and coloring felt (color felt evenly, adsorbing, coloring
through knit and color using dry colors);
- Laying out the picture on felt using wet or dry methods and perforate using a felt needle;
- Draw picture ion felt using the wool colors;
- Design Hunnu relief patterns, draw and knit;
- Design and cut out, estimation and evaluation of resources, and different type of embroidery as dog’s teeth, triple fifths, seven spin of edges, crossing, string piping,classic khalkha stitching, quilt stitching, bottom stitching, knitting relief stitching edges,spinning different edges, terme etc.
During week long training herders learnt how to cut out 8-9 designs and produced 44 products. The training was well organized in terms of its facilitation and organization. We are grateful for herders who were very active and worked for extended hours voluntary. Willing of herders to learn and to practice has increased comparing to the previous activities.

Abstract: Under a joint Decision No: 102/132 by Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs (Ts. Munkh-orgil) and Minister of Nature and Environment (G. Shiilegdamba) dated on April 03, 2008 (Annex1), mobile training “Increased Participation of Law Enforcement Agencies in Reduction of Illegal Wildlife Product Trade” for law enforcement agencies was organized with WWF funding on 11-25 April, 2008. Training was organized in border points in Borshoo in Uvs Aimag, Tsagaan Nuur of Bayan-ulgii Aimag, Yarant in Khovd Aimag and Burgastai in Govi-altai Aimag. This mobile training was jointly organized by the Crime Prevention Coordination Council of the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs, the Frontier Defense Department of Frontier Troop Headquarter Management Board of General Office of Frontier Inspection of General Office of Frontier Defense, the State Frontier Specialized Agency at the SSIA, the General Police Office, University of Customs Economics, and Mongolian National Committee of CITES, WWF Mongolia, local office (Uvs Aimag) of Community based Biodiversity Conservation of Altai Sayan Eco-Region Project, and anti-poaching team “Ireves”. Overall, training was focused on how to detect and arrest illegal network of wildlife and its product trades, how to take preventive measures from such illegal actions, and how the law enforcement agencies should cooperate. While trainers tried to teach the topics in simple and clear understandable ways as much as possible, trainees endeavored how to get common understanding on the aspects and assist in decision making concerning the respective illegal actions.
This report entirely covers the results of training on increased participation of law enforcement agencies, particularly the law enforcement agencies operating in the vicinity of State border areas in reduction and elimination of illegal wildlife and its products. As a campaign “Prevention from environmental violations” was announced in April, 2008, some other public events e.g. workshops and seminars, and open forum discussions on national television were jointly organized with local offices of the National Committee of Crime Prevention in the Uvs, Khovd, and Govi-altai Aimags, where training was held. Training organized at the State border points (4) abovementioned was attended by over 120 individuals and workshops and discussions held in Uvs, Khovd, Bayan-ulgii and Govi-altai Aimags were attended by about 110 participants. One of advantages of training and discussions was that they were open to multiple parties/stakeholders and enabled them to learn more and exchange their views/opinions as well as cooperate.

Abstract: In training held on 21-28 December of 2007 were attended 5 people in total: 2 members of Uureg community and 3 members of Argalt-kharig community of Sagil soum.
The training on processing wool and producing felt organized everyday between 08.15 and 22.00 and started in time as it was planned. During the training the members of two communities actively participated and did class work well.

Abstract: WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia share the main achievements of both offices in Altai – Sayan Ecoregion regarding species conservation, protected areas, ecotourism, public awareness, education, eco clubs, fresh water. Several articles reference snow leopards:
WWF Mongolia
Argali population observation in transboundary area
WWF Russia
Ecotourism camps in the habitats of a snow leopard and argali WWF and UNDP
WWF Russia
WWF assessed the level of conflict between herders and a snow leopard in Republic of Tyva
WWF Russia
The first ecological festival in the history of Mountain Altai for snow leopard conservation!