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Author Sapojnikov G.N.
Title Distribution and number of several endangered mammals and birds of Tajikistan Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 129-143
Keywords Tajikistan; endangered species; snow leopard; number; use.; 8070; Russian
Abstract Many years' data connected with the distribution and number of endangered species of animals as dhole (Cuon alpinus Pall), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena L.), snow leopard (Uncia uncia Shreb.) and birds of Tajikistan are given. Area of snow leopard includes the most of mountain ridges in this country. The total number is evaluated about 160-200 individuals. The record quantity of legal harvested skins of snow leopard is 64 in 1946.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Natural resources and nature reserves of Tajikistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 785 Serial 844
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S.
Title Snow leopard, or irbis Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 82-98
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7940; Russian
Abstract It considers biology of snow leopard, provides data concerning its number and distribution, and shows environment correlation of the predator. Besides, it describes the ways of catching snow leopards, and conditions under which it can be kept in enclosures. Precise recommendations for the species protection are given.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Large mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 772 Serial 780
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S.
Title Mammals Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 19-28
Keywords Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7930; Russian
Abstract The work presents a preliminary list of rare and endangered predatory and ungulate species. Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and sometimes is met in the Altai and Tuva. Despite its habitat has not changed since recently, number of snow leopard is decreasing. Snow leopard population is reducing because this species is believed to be dangerous, as its skin is of high and sustainable demand, and because of high prices zoos will readily pay to buy snow leopards. Shepherds, local hunters and geologists hunt snow leopard.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 771 Serial 779
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Author Novikov G.A.
Title Sub-genus UNCIA Gray Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1956 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 274-277
Keywords Ussr; Central Asia; uncia; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; highly mountain; reproduction; Migration; use.; 7760; Russian
Abstract Identification features of the sub-genus Uncia (colour; length of body and tail; shoulder height, and skull measurements) are given. Distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, commercial value of snow leopard in the USSR is described.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Predatory mammals of the USSR fauna. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 754 Serial 726
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Author Meklenburtsev R.N.
Title About ecology of ibex in Pamir Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1949 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 28, edition 5. Issue Pages 482-483
Keywords Tajikistan; Pamir; ibex; distribution; number; diet; reproductive biology; predators; snow leopard; commercial use.; 7640; Russian
Abstract Ibex is distributed all over the Pamir mountains, inhabiting rocks and canyons and ascending up to 5,500 m above sea level. In summer, ibex mostly feeds upon sedge and cereals, in winter wormwood. It keeps in herds containing 15 to 30 animals. The coupling period is December; kids being born at the beginning of June. The most dangerous predators are snow leopard and wolf. Ibex is a main commercial game species.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological journal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 742 Serial 674
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Author Kolosov A.M.
Title Genus Snow leopards Uncia Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 150-151
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys; practical use.; 7220; Russian
Abstract It provides description of appearance, distribution, behavioral patterns, and use of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Central Asia, east of the Amudarya river, along the ridges of Djungar Ala-Tau and Tarbagatai, South Altai, West and East Sayans. Its main food is ungulates, though it also preys on snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. It has no enemy other than wolf; its diseases are not studied. Snow leopard is not dangerous for man. The fur-skin is used for making rugs and fur. Less than 1,000 animals are hunted globally. Before 1960, in the USSR less than 120 skins were annually purchased. Its total population is several thousand animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of game animals in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 700 Serial 549
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Author Ale, S.; Brown, J.
Title The contingencies of group size and vigilance Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 2007 Publication Evolutionary Ecology Research, Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue Pages 1263-1276
Keywords attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy
Abstract Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.

Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.

Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?

Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.

Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 886 Serial 53
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Author Bogdanov O.P.
Title Snow leopard (Felis uncia) Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1961 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 246-247
Keywords Uzbekistan; snow leopard; distriburion; life history; diet; use.; 6360; Russian
Abstract In Uzbekistan, this species is distributed in spurs of Tien Shan and Gissar. It preys on ibex, rarer on argalis, roe-deers, young wild boars. In winter, it attacks livestock and sometimes feeds upon marmots and smaller rodents. Snow leopard attacks man very rarely, only when wounded. The economic significance of this species is low, since only few skins are traded. Its dressed skins are used as rugs.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 614 Serial 183
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Author Joost van der Ven
Title Western Tien Shan: nature as it is Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 51-67
Keywords Western Tien Shan; biodiversiry; sustainable use; trophy hunt; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7010; Russian
Abstract Some ideas of biodiversity conservation in the West Tien Shan (first of all large mammals such as ibex, moral, brown bear, and snow leopard) including an idea of limited trophy hunt are discussed.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the West Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 679 Serial 505
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Author Kaletskiy A.A.
Title May-“traven” Type (down) Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 60-75
Keywords Ussr; flora; fauna; snow leopard; use.; 7040; Russian
Abstract Diverse flora and fauna and seasonal phenomena in nature are stated in a popular form. Snow leopard is noticed to be a rare species, its population being significantly influenced by catching for zoos: over 400 snow leopards have been caught for this purpose over the last 35 years.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Kaleidoscope of naturalist. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 682 Serial 511
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