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| Author | Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. | ||||
| Title | Managing conflicts over livestock depradation by Large Carnivores | Type  |
Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION – Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Mountains of SAARC Region – Compilation of Successful Management Strategies and Practices | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 27-47 | ||
| Keywords | Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, Himalayas, Central Asia | ||||
| Abstract | Managing wildlife-caused damage to human interests has become an important aspect of contemporary conservation management. Conflicts between pastoralism and carnivore conservation over livestock depredation pose a serious challenge to endangered carnivores worldwide, and have become an important livelihood concern locally. Here, we first review the primary causes of these conflicts, their socio-ecological correlates, and commonly employed mitigation measures. We then describe a community-based program to manage conflicts over livestock depredation by snow leopards Panthera uncia and wolves Canis lupus. A threats-based conceptual model of conflict management is presented. Conflicts over livestock depredation are characterized by complex, multi-scale interactions between carnivore and livestock behavioral ecology, animal husbandry, human psyche, culture, world-views, and socio-economic and education levels of affected peoples. A diversity of commonly employed conflict-mitigation measures is available. They aim at (i) reducing livestock depredation through better livestock herding, use of physical, chemical or psychological barriers, removal of carnivores, and use of livestock guard animals, (ii) offsetting economic losses through damage compensation and insurance programmes, and (iii) increasing peoples’ tolerance of carnivores through indirect approaches such as conservation education and economic incentives. For effective management, conflicts need to be understood along two important dimensions, viz., the reality of damage caused to humans, and the psyche and perceptions of humans who suffer wildlife caused damage. The efficacy of commonly used mitigation measures is variable. A combination of measures that reduce the level of livestock depredation, share or offset economic losses, and improve the social carrying capacity for carnivores will be more effective in managing conflicts than standalone measures | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1424 | ||
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| Author | Meiers, S.T. | ||||
| Title | Habitat use by captive puma (Felis concolor) and snow leopards (Pathera uncia) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois | Type |
Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-74 | ||
| Keywords | habitat; habitat use; use; captive; felis; Felis-concolor; concolor; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; park; zoo; 1990; observations; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; zoological; zoological gardens; zoological-gardens; gardens; behavior; species; Time budget; dens; Identity; Animals; Animal; non; Cats; cat; location; relief | ||||
| Abstract | Between May 1990 and January 1991, behavioral observations were made of two captive pumas (Felis concolor Linnaeus), and two captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber) in their outdoor exhibits at the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, Illinois. Behaviors compared within and between species included: 1) time spend in the different habitat types; 2) time budgets for the different behaviors: laying, moving, sitting, standing, crouching, in the tree, drinking, urinating, defecating, within their inside dens, and “behavior not determined” when the identity or behavior of the individuals could not be determined; and 3) mobility of the animals within their exhibits. Also examined were: 4) preferences for different habitat types; 5) recommendations for future exhibit designs. Both species located themselves within their exhibits in a non-random manner. The majority of cats' time was spent in elevated locations (i.e., gunite ledges approximately 1-5.5 m above ground-level). Snow leopards exhibited this tendency to a greater extent than did the pumas. Both species also spent the majority of their time in the lying-down behavior; again snow leopards displayed this tendency significantly more than the pumas. Pumas were highly mobile and changed locations and behaviors in their exhibit significantly more than the snow leopards. No significant differences were noted between conspecifics in regard to habitat type preference, or mobility within the exhibit. Suggestions for future exhibit design include elevated locations for the cats to lay and look around within and outside their exhibits, caves for access to shade or relief from inclement weather, and ground surfaces to move about on. Features for exhibit design should take into consideration the natural habitat of the cat to occupy the exhibit. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | DePaul University | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of Master of Science at DePaul University. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1008 | Serial | 673 | ||
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| Author | Manati, A.R. | ||||
| Title | Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim | Type |
Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 125 | ||
| Keywords | fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners. Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years. From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan. The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible. In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population. |
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| Publisher | University of Köln | Place of Publication | Germany | Editor | |
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1123 | ||
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| Author | Han, X. Miquelle, D. G., Zhang, E., Jones, M., and Jin, T.. | ||||
| Title | Far eastern leopard and Siberian tiger conservation measures. | Type |
Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 102-103 | ||
| Keywords | CCT, conservation, conservation needs, conservation strategy, distribution, Jilin Province, leopard, monitoring, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, poaching, recovery, Recovery plan, snow | ||||
| Abstract | Workshop to develop a recovery plan for the wild north China tiger population. October 20th to 23th, 2000, Harbin. Like the Siberian Tiger, the Far Eastern Leopard is one of China's largest Felidae and lives mainly in the eastern mountains of Jilin Province. The number of leopards is very low and it is even more endangered than the tiger. There is a very close relationship between leopard and tiger conservation, especially in areas where overlap occurs. In these areas, special emphasis has to be placed on each of the species' specific conservation needs. There is urgent need to step up our efforts to study and monitor leopard populations and to develop a conservation strategy. This document contains information of the status and main threats of the Far Eastern leopard and makes recommendations on needed conservation measures. |
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| Corporate Author | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | Widlife Conservation Society | Place of Publication | Harbin | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1117 | ||
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| Author | Ali, S.M. | ||||
| Title | The Cats of India | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Myforest | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-291 |
| Keywords | lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820 | ||||
| Abstract | Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 144 | Serial | 59 | ||
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| Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
| Title | First report on the snow leopard studbook (Panthera uncia) and 1976 world register | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Int.Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | Pages | 227-231 | |
| Keywords | panthera uncia; snow leopard; studbook | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 954 | Serial | 142 | ||
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| Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
| Title | The 1978 register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | International Zoo News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 7-8 | Pages | 17-23 |
| Keywords | captive; captive-population; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; population; snow leopard | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 955 | Serial | 147 | ||
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| Author | Blomqvist, L.; Nystrom, V. | ||||
| Title | On identifying snow leopards, Panthera uncia, by their facial markings | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 159-167 | ||
| Keywords | facial markings; International; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; snow leopard | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 959 | Serial | 149 | ||
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| Author | Chakraborty, R.E.; Chakraborty, S. | ||||
| Title | Identification of dorsal guard hairs of Indian species of the genus Panthera Oken (Carnivora: Felidae) | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 480 |
| Keywords | identification; India; hair-samples; guard; hairs; panthera; uncia; tigris; leo; pardus; browse; 660 | ||||
| Abstract | Dorsal guard hairs of four living Indian species of the genus Panthera, viz. P. tigris, P. leo, P. pardus and P. uncia have been studied. It is found that the characters are somewhat overlapping, but identification of the species may be possible from the combination of characters. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 MA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 270 | Serial | 209 | ||
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| Author | Fix, A.S.; Riordan, D.P.; Hill, H.T.; Gill, M.A.; Evans, M.B. | ||||
| Title | Feline panleukopena virus and subsequent canine-distemper virus infection in two snow leopards (Panthera uncia) | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 273-281 |
| Keywords | diagnosis; fecal; Fpv; leukemia; panleukopenia; panthera uncia; snow leopard; therapy; vaccination; veterinary; Virus; zoo | ||||
| Abstract | Two adult snow leopards (Panthera uncia), male and female, both with vaccinations current, became infected with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) at the Blank Park Zoo, Des Moines, Iowa, in late 1988. Clinical signs included weakness, hemorrhagic feces, fever, seizures, and nasal discharge. Blood analysis revealed severe lymphopenia and mild anemia. A positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for FPV on fecal contents from the male leopard confirmed the diagnosis. In spite of intensive therapy, both animals died. Necropsy of the female, which survived for 1 wk after onset of signs, revealed intestinal crypt necrosis, pulmonary consolidation, necrotizing laryngitis, and diffuse lymphoid depletion. The male leopard, which lived 3 wk after onset of illness, had similar enteric and lymphoid lesions. In addition, there was a severe interstitial pneumonia, with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Ultrastructural characteristics of these inclusions featured tubular structures consistent with a paramyxovirus. Although repeated virus isolation attempts from the affected lung were negative, polyclonal and monoclonal fluorescent antibody tests were strongly positive for canine distemper virus (CDV). Frozen paired sera from each leopard demonstrated very high acute and convalescing titers to FPV; both animals also seroconverted to CDV, with titers in the male leopard higher than those in the female. Additional tests for toxoplasmosis, feline infectious peritonitis, feline rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia, canine parainfluenza, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were all negative. The neurologic signs present in these leopards remained unexplained, but may have been attributable to CDV infection. A feral cat trapped on zoo property had feces positive for FPV by ELISA. Although the specific contributions of FPV and CDV toward the development of this case are unknown, it is likely that initial FPV-induced immunosuppression allowed the subsequent development of CDV in these snow leopards. The likelihood that initial FPV infection came from feral cats underscores the importance of feral animal control on zoo premises. | ||||
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| Notes | Addresses:FIX AS, IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011BLANK PK ZOO,DES MOINES,IA 50315NORDEN LABS INC,LINCOLN,NE 68501NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Connective Phrase: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 147 | Serial | 277 | ||
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