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| Author | Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J. | ||||
| Title | Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples | Type  |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Conservation Genetic Resource | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 369:373 |
| Keywords | Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification | ||||
| Abstract | Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1428 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J. | ||||
| Title | Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Conservation Genetic Resource | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 369:373 |
| Keywords | Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification | ||||
| Abstract | Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species. endangered species |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1427 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B. | ||||
| Title | Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | Pages | 559-570 | |
| Keywords | conservation, food habits, genetics, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Himalayan tahr, management, microsatellite, predation, presence, scat, scat analysis, snow leopard, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium-large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a 'near-threatened' caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8-0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1-0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1122 | ||
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| Author | McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O. | ||||
| Title | Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Autumn | Issue | 53 | Pages | 15-19 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1151 | ||
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| Author | Wildt, D.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Brown, J.; Monfort, S.; Howard, J.; Roth, T. | ||||
| Title | Spermatology for understanding, managing and conserving rare species | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Reproduction Fertility and Development | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 811-824 |
| Keywords | Assisted-Reproduction; Cryopreservation; reproduction; zoo; medical; veterinary; spermatology; genetics; browse; assisted; 1380 | ||||
| Abstract | Most conventional spermatology research involves common mammalian species including livestock, laboratory animals and humans. Yet, there are more than 4500 mammalian species inhabiting the planet for which little is known about basic reproductive biology, including sperm characteristics and function. This information is important, not just as adjunct knowledge, but because the majority of these species are threatened with extinction, largely due to human-induced pressures. The field of conservation is changing rapidly, and global cooperation is emerging among a variety of wildlife enthusiasts, ranging from management authorities of nature reserves to curators of rare zoological collections. Conservation progress depends on systematic, multidisciplinary research first to answer basic questions, with new data then applied to endangered species management plans. The reproductive physiologist is a crucial component of this scheme. Reproduction is the essence of species survival, and enormous effort needs to be directed at these 'untraditional' research species, subspecies and populations. Spermatology research combined with simultaneous efforts in endocrinology, embryology and cryopreservation (among others) can lead to the successful application of assisted reproduction. Examples from this laboratory include an array of wild felid species and a rare cervid and mustelid. Obstacles to success are formidable, including unique species-specificities, diminished genetic diversity and a general lack of resources. Nonetheless, the field offers tremendous opportunities for generating unique knowledge of comparative interest and with conservation utility. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 278 | Serial | 1024 | ||
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| Author | Trepanier, L.A.; Cribb, A.E.; Spielberg, S.P.; Ray, K. | ||||
| Title | Deficiency of cytosolic arylamine N-acetylation in the domestic cat and wild felids caused by the presence of a single NAT1-like gene | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Pharmacogenetics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 169-179 |
| Keywords | Acetylation; Amino; Acid; Sequence; Animal; Arylamine; N-Acetyltransferase; metabolism; Base; Blotting; Southern; Carnivora; genetics; Cats; Cytosol; enzymology; Dna; Human; Isoenzymes; Liver; Molecular; Data; Polymerase; Chain; Reaction; Rabbits; Homology; Nucleic Acid; Substrate; Specificity; Support; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; nucleic; us; government; 130 | ||||
| Abstract | The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis for a relative deficiency in the cat of cytosolic arylamine N- acetyltransferase (NAT), an enzyme family that is important in the metabolism of xenobiotics and that normally consists of at least two related enzymes, NAT1 and NAT2. N-acetyltransferase in feline liver showed high affinity (mean Km = 2.1 microM) for p-aminobenzoic acid, an NAT1 selective substrate in humans and rabbits, but showed a very poor affinity (mean Km > 10 mM) for sulfamethazine, an NAT2 selective substrate in humans and rabbits. Immunoreactive N-acetyltransferase was detected in feline liver, bladder and colon using an NAT1-specific antipeptide antibody, but was not detected in any tissues using an NAT2- specific antibody. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA demonstrated a single band in domestic cats using each of six restriction digests; single bands were also found on Southern blot analysis of six wild felids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the central portion of feline N-acetyltransferase, obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification in both domestic cats and seven wild felids (lion, tiger, lynx, snow leopard, bobcat, Asian leopard cat and cheetah), contained three residues, Phe125, Arg127, and Tyr129, which determine NAT1-like substrate specificity in humans. These results support the conclusion that cytosolic arylamine N-acetylation activity is low in the cat because of the presence of a single N-acetyltransferase that has substrate specificity, immunogenicity and sequence characteristics similar to human NAT1, and that the unusual presence of only a single N- acetyltransferase gene appears to be a family wide trait shared by other felids. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0960-314x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Document Type: eng | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 345 | Serial | 968 | ||
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| Author | Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard (Panthera unica) sperm longevity in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy source supplements but is affected by buffer source | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Theriogenology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 309 |
| Keywords | genetics; Sperm; captivity; medical; medicine; veterinary; zoo; breeding; browse; 1400 | ||||
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| Notes | Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, January 8-10, 1995 Document Type: English Call Number: QP251 .T44 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 280 | Serial | 829 | ||
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| Author | Guerrero, D. | ||||
| Title | Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Anim.Keepers' Forum | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 56-58 |
| Keywords | aggressive-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; diets; endangered; threatened-species; genetics; handling-methods; intraspecies-relationships; social-behavior; husbandry; zoos; snow leopard; aggressive; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; methods; intraspecies; relationships; social; browse; 1310 | ||||
| Abstract | The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh. | ||||
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| Notes | Ark Anim., Inc., P.O. Box 1154, Escondido, CA 92033-1154. e-mail: arkabc@arkanimals.com Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 338 | Serial | 358 | ||
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| Author | Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Zoo Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 223-237 |
| Keywords | Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390 | ||||
| Abstract | An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 279 | Serial | 345 | ||
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| Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
| Title | Three decades of Snow Leopards Panthera uncia in Captivity | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Int.Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | Pages | 178-185 | |
| Keywords | zoo; population; status; genetics; captive-animal-care; propogation; captivity; fertility; recruitment; mortality; browse; captive; Animal; care; 1360 | ||||
| Abstract | The author reports the status of the captive population of snow leopards over the last three decades. Genetic and demographic information is also provided. The captive population as of 1992 was 541 leopards. klf. I | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 256 | Serial | 165 | ||
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