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| Author | Mallon, D.P. | ||||
| Title | Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh | Type  |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 101-119 |
| Keywords | Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800 | ||||
| Abstract | The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed. | ||||
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| Notes | Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 175 | Serial | 647 | ||
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| Author | Macdonald, A.A.; Johnstone, M. | ||||
| Title | Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae) | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | J Anat | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 186 ( Pt 2) | Issue | Pages | 235-243 | |
| Keywords | Animal; Newborn; Bears: anatomy & histology; Carnivora: anatomy & histology: embryology; Cats: anatomy & histology; Dogs: anatomy & histology; Heart Septum: anatomy & histology: embryology; Support,Non-U.S.Gov't; bear; anatomy; histology; Carnivora; embryology; Cats; cat; bears; Dog; Dogs; heart; septum; browse; non; gov't; us; government; 160 | ||||
| Abstract | The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion neonates (Panthera leo), a panther neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-8782 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Document Type: eng | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 269 | Serial | 632 | ||
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| Author | Linnell, J.; Swenson, J.; Landa A.; and Kvam, T. | ||||
| Title | Methods for monitoring European large carnivores – A worldwide review of relevant experience | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | NINA Oppdragsmelding | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 549 | Issue | Pages | 1-38 | |
| Keywords | carnivore; monitoring; census; bear; Lynx; wolf; wolverine; 5310 | ||||
| Abstract | Against a background of recovering large carnivore populations in Norway, and many other areas of Europe, it is becoming increasingly important to develop methods to monitor their populations. A variety of parameters can monitored depending on objectives. These parameters include: presence/absense, distribution, population trend indices, minimum counts, statistical estimates of population size, reproductive parameters and health/condition. Three broad categories of monitoring techniques can be recognised each with increasing levels of fieldwork required. The first category includes those techniques that do not require original fieldwork. The second category involves fieldwork, but where individually recognisable carnivores are not available. The third category includes methods where fieldwork has recognisable individuals available. Different mehtods tend to have been used for different species, mainly because of limitations imposed by the different species' ecology. The most precise estimates of population size have been obtained in research projects with relatively small study sites and with the help of radio-telemetry. However, it may be difficult, or impossible, to apply these methods over large monitoring areas. Therefore, in terms of practical management, a combination of minimum counts, supported by an independent index may be more useful than statistical population estimates. All methods should be subject to a careful design process, and power analysis should be conducted to determine the sensitivity of the method to detect changes. Based on the review of over 200 papers and reports we recommend a package of complementary monitoring methods for brown bear, wolverine, lynx and wolf in Norway. These include the use of observations from the public and reports of predation on livestock to determine broad patterns of distribution, and an index based on hunter observations per hunting day, for all four species. Minimum counts of reproductive units, natal dens, family groups, and packs, should be obtained from snow-tracking for wolverines, lynx and wolves respectively. In addition a track-count index should be obtained for wolverines and lynx. As much data as possible should be obtained of lynx and wolvereines killed in the annual harvest. Brown bears will be difficult to monitor without the use of radio-telemetry, therfore they may require periodic telemetry based, mark-recapture studies. Such a program can easily be constructed within existing central and regional wildlife management structures, but will require extensive involvement from hunters. |
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 516 | Serial | 622 | ||
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| Author | Schaller, G. | ||||
| Title | Wildlife Survey in Tibet, Report #8 | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Tibet; survey; Kashi; Xinjiang; antelope; wild-ass; gazzele; argali; blue-sheep; yak; wolf; brown-bear; livestock; hunting; trapping; poaching; browse; 4300 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 418 | Serial | 856 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | In Mongolia, Taking Stock of Rare Animals | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Mongolia; radio-collars; gobi; bears; Camels; Schaller; Tserendeleg; hutning; poaching; 4870 | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 473 | Serial | 79 | ||
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| Author | Sangay, T.; Vernes, K. | ||||
| Title | Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 141 | Issue | Pages | 1272-1282 | |
| Keywords | bear; Bhutan; compensation; conflict; Himalayas; leopard; livestock; predation; snow leopard; tiger | ||||
| Abstract | We examined predation activity throughout Bhutan by tiger (Panthera tigris), common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) on a variety of livestock types using data gathered over the first two years (2003-2005) of a compensation scheme for livestock losses. One thousand three hundred and seventy five kills were documented, with leopards killing significantly more livestock (70% of all kills), than tigers (19%), bears (8%) and snow leopards (2%). About 50% of livestock killing were of cattle, and about 33% were of horses, with tigers, leopards and snow leopards killing a significantly greater proportion of horses than predicted from availability. Examination of cattle kills showed that leopards killed a significantly greater proportion of smaller prey (e.g., calves), whereas tigers killed a significantly greater proportion of larger prey (e.g., bulls). Overall, livestock predation was greatest in summer and autumn which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season, and subsequently, are less well guarded than at other times. Across Bhutan, high horse density and low cattle and yak density were associated with high rates of livestock attack, but no relationship was found with forest cover or human population density. Several northern districts were identified as 'predation hotspots', where proportions of livestock lost to predation were considerable, and the ratio of reported kills to relative abundance of livestock was high. Implications of our findings for mitigating livestock losses and for conserving large carnivores in Bhutan are discussed. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 903 | Serial | 842 | ||
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| Author | Sokov A.I. | ||||
| Title | Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue | Pages | 27-29 | |
| Keywords | Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 800 | Serial | 913 | ||
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| Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
| Title | Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. II. | Issue | Pages | 278-279 | |
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 855 | Serial | 1085 | ||
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| Author | Moiseev V. | ||||
| Title | Around Tien Shan and Hissaro-Alai | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 7-14 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; rare species; game species; brown bear; Menzbier's marmot; golden eagle; wild ibex; wild boar; snow leopard.; 7700; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | A visit to a nature reserve, where the author met protected animals, is described in a popular form. It describes the encounters with wild boar, griffon vulture, brown bear, Menzbier's marmot, Tien Shan souslik, golden eagle, snow leopard, and Siberian ibex. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Alone with nature. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 748 | Serial | 700 | ||
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| Author | Mitropolskiy O.V. | ||||
| Title | Biodiversity of mammals in Uzbekistan: results of the studies; conservation, use and monitoring projects | Type |
Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | N 8. | Issue | Pages | 18-25 | |
| Keywords | Western Tien Shan; rare species; status; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; brown bear; Tien Shan argali; Karatau argali; Menzbier's marmot.; 7660; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The article reviews conservation projects regarding valuable species of the West Tien Shan such as snow leopard, Tien Shan brown bear, Tien Shan and Karatau argali, Menzbier's marmot. The questioning revealed three cases of poaching snow leopard in the West Tien Shan in Kazakhstan, and 11 in Uzbekistan. A necessity to severely suppress any acts of poaching or skin trade is emphasized. A number of measures is suggested to preserve the species. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Information bulletin/digest of Central Asia transboundary biodiversity project. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 744 | Serial | 699 | ||
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