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Author |
Gronberg, E. |
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Title |
Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters |
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2011 |
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snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior |
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Abstract |
Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. |
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Master's thesis |
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1301 |
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Ming, M. |
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Title |
Camera trapping on snow leopards in the Muzat Valley, Reserve, Xinjiang, P.R. China (October-December 2005) |
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2006 |
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1-5 |
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behavior; camera trapping; China; feces; ibex; infrared trapping cameras; livestock; population size; snow leopard; Tomur; transect; Xinjiang |
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The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate Snow Leopard population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province. We expended approximately 2094 trap days total. At least 32 pictures of Snow Leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species and 72 pictures of livestock were taken in the Muzat Valley. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. We also observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours and found a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area. |
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SLN @ rana @ 970 |
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682 |
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Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Breeding and behavior of the snow leopard |
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1980 |
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snow leopard, captivity, breeding, behavior, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1239 |
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Author |
Hunter, D. |
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Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project |
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1996 |
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Snow Line |
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xiv |
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4-5 |
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behavior; collars; desert; gobi; home-range; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; Mongolia; Munkhtsog; radio-collars; Satellite; Slims; telemetry; Wcs |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Seattle |
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SLN @ rana @ 442 |
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391 |
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Author |
Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1971 |
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Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. |
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234-235 |
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Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian |
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Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 844 |
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1069 |
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Author |
Molyukov M.I. |
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Title |
Irbis |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1989 |
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74-81 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; diet; behavior.; 7710; Russian |
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In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the Red Data Book of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 749 |
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703 |
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Author |
Oshmarin P.G. |
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Title |
Traces in nature |
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1990 |
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296 |
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Traces of vital activity; hunting behavior; snow leopard.; 7820; Russian |
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Traces of vital activity of various animal species such as footprints, faeces, food remains, etc. are identified. It also provides information about hunting behavior of predators. Snow leopards would hunt along rather than in groups. Near the remains of prey they leave pieces of skin, skull of victim remaining untouched. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 760 |
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757 |
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Koshkarev E.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1989 |
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100 p. |
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Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian |
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Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 702 |
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558 |
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Korytin S.A. |
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Animal's behavior near attractions. Animal's reaction to chasing with dogs. Animal behavior and traps |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1986 |
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49-51 |
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Cats; behavior; snow leopard.; 7300; Russian |
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It describes trophic behavior of the cat family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, reed cat, wild cat and domestic cat), their reaction to dog-chasing and behavioral patterns when trapped. Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) sometime eat dead animals. After killing the prey they take it away. Irbis eats the carcass, half-risen on front limbs, beginning from the chest and front limbs or lower part of belly, usually not touching intestines. It eats slowly and spends a lot of time near the carcass and returns to the carcass several times. Known are cases that two snow leopards, or a snow leopard and wolf eating the prey together. Snow leopard usually keeps birds off the carcass. If a man approaches snow leopard normally goes away, sometimes putting up with his close presence. Escaping from dogs, snow leopard was seen to plunge into the river. When trapped, snow leopard rather easily surrenders to man. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Habits of wild animals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 708 |
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551 |
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Gruisen, J.V. |
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Title |
Interaction Between Wild Dogs and Snow Leopards in Ladakh |
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1993 |
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xi |
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8 |
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Dogs; Ladakh; India; dhole; predation; scavenging; behavior; browse; 4650 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 452 |
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357 |
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Sapozhnikov G.N. |
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Wild sheep in Tajikistan |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1976 |
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199 p. |
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Tajikistan; urial; argali; taxonomy; morphology; variability; life history characteristics; distribution; number; diet; behavior; parasites; predators; snow leopard.; 8060; Russian |
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The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii). |
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Full text available in Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 784 |
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845 |
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Hillard, D. |
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Update on the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project |
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1985 |
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No. 8 |
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Nepal; Himalaya; Jackson; collars; research; telemetry; yeowls; roars; mating-call; Langu; cubs; radio; field-work; surveys; tracking; behavior; browse; 4830 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 470 |
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383 |
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Fox, J.L. |
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A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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1989 |
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status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 137 |
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294 |
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Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
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Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1961 |
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Vol. 3. |
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127-131 |
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Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian |
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It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 666 |
Serial |
412 |
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Author |
Jack; Jill; Jackson, P.; Wharton, D.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Snow leopard, Ucia uncia |
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Slims; status; distribution; habitat; diet; China; Mongolia; Kyrgyzstan; discription; range; conservation; behavior; browse; 4040 |
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Full Text at URL |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 4 |
Serial |
426 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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Title |
Observation on Movements and Home Range of the Snow Leopard, (Panthera Uncia) In the Langu Gorge, West Nepal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
No. 13 |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
tracking; radio-tracking; collars; behavior; home-range; Nepal; browse; 4790 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 466 |
Serial |
440 |
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Author |
Panwar, H.S.; Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Ecology of the Snow Loepard and Associated Prey in Central Ladakh |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1986 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
18 |
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Keywords |
Ladakh; research; field-study; study; India; home-range; movement; habitat; prey; behavior; Himalaya; Human; ineraction; conflisct; Landsat; browse; 4180 |
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Notes |
Full text at URL |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 406 |
Serial |
758 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
SSC Plan for Snow Leopard |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1992 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard |
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Full Text at URL
DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 201 |
Serial |
450 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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2000 |
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livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060 |
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Notes |
Full Text at URL |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 377 |
Serial |
465 |
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Author |
Razmakhnin V.E. |
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Title |
Siberian wild ibex |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1977 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
164-175 |
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Keywords |
Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian |
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Abstract |
It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 783 |
Serial |
810 |
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Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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1987 |
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Volume |
No. 13 |
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Keywords |
estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Language |
English |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 467 |
Serial |
36 |
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Author |
Akimushkin I. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1971 |
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Pages |
210-211 |
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Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; behavior; reproduction.; 5990; Russian |
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Abstract |
The biology of snow leopard is described in a popular form. Information of distribution, behavior and reproductive biology, etc. is given. |
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Russian |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 578 |
Serial |
48 |
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Author |
Flerov K.K. |
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Title |
Capra sibirica, Uncia uncia uncia Erxleben |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1935 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
115-120 |
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Tajikistan; wild ibex; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior.; 6690; Russian |
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Abstract |
It describes identification signs of ibex and snow leopard; provides data concerning taxonomy, distribution and behavioral patterns of the both species. Snow leopard inhibits the mountains of Central Asia, Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans and southward to the Humalayas. In Tajikistan snow leopard is distributed in Pamir, and probably, along alpine strip of the ridges in northern Tajikistan. The sub-species status is not defined. It is known that the same type inhabits the area from the Sayans to Himalayas. Only in Tibet and highlands of Sychuan and Gansu lives a well-marked sub-species Uncia uncia uncioides Hodgson. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, their life and importance for man. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 647 |
Serial |
278 |
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Author |
Dzhanyspaev, A.D. |
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Title |
Hunting Behavior of the Snow Leopard at the Alma-Atinski Nature Reserve |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Snow Line |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
ix |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
4-6 |
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Keywords |
hunting; behavior; Ussr; Russia; stalking; browse; 4730 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Notes |
Translated by Marina Proutkina |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 460 |
Serial |
249 |
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Author |
Lukarevskiy V.S. |
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Title |
Peculiarities of communicative behavior of leopard, irbis, lynx, and caracal |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
2003 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
200 |
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Keywords |
Felidae; communicative behavioral; leopard; snow leopard; Lynx; caracal.; 7600; Russian |
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Abstract |
It gives the description of communicative behavioral system (visual, olfactory and vocal elements) for two groups of large Felidae species such as leopard-irbis and lynx-caracal. General and specific behavioral regularities are given. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 738 |
Serial |
627 |
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Permanent link to this record |