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Author |
Hussain, S. |
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Shafqat Hussain Research Proposal for Pakistan |
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Pakistan; Iucn; predation; predator; prey; livestock; conflict; herders; surveys; interviews; herding-techniques; browse; herding techniques; herding; techniques; 3900 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 3 |
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398 |
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Johansson, O., Koehler, G., Rauset, G. R.< Samelius, G., Andren, H., Mishra, C., Lhagvarsuren, P., McCarthy, T., Low, M. |
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Title |
Sex specific seasonal variation in puma and snow leopard home range utilization |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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9 |
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8 |
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1-14 |
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Cougar, female choice, LoCoH, mating tactics, Panthera Uncia, Puma concolor, spacing pattern, territoriality |
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Territory size is often larger for males than for females in species without biparental care. For large solitary carnivores, this is explained by males encompassing a set of female territories to monopolize their reproduction during mating (area maximization). However, males are expected to behave more like females outside of breeding, with their area utilization being dependent on the range required to secure food resources (area minimization). To examine how male and female solitary carnivores adjust their spatial organization during the year as key resources (mates and prey) change, we radio‐collared 17 pumas (Puma concolor; nine males and eight females) and 14 snow leopards (Panthera uncia; seven males and seven females) and estimated home range size and overlap on two temporal scales (annual vs. monthly). Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence that males monopolized females (the mean territory overlap between females and the focal male during the mating season was 0.28 and 0.64 in pumas and snow leopards, respectively). Although male�male overlap of annual home ranges was comparatively high (snow leopards [0.21] vs. pumas [0.11]), monthly home range overlaps were small (snow leopards [0.02] vs. pumas [0.08]) suggesting strong territoriality. In pumas, both males and females reduced their monthly home ranges in winter, and at the same time, prey distribution was clumped and mating activity increased. In snow leopards, females showed little variation in seasonal home range size, following the seasonal stability in their primary prey. However, male snow leopards reduced their monthly home range utilization in the mating season. In line with other studies, our results suggest that female seasonal home range variation is largely explained by changes in food resource distribution. However, contrary to expectations, male territories did not generally encompass those of females, and males reduced their home ranges during mating. Our results show that male and female territorial boundaries tend to intersect in these species, and hint at the operation of female choice and male mate guarding within these mating systems. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1471 |
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Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Smith, R.C.; Lewis, C.R. |
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Title |
Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone, and sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the leopard (Panthera pardus) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1988 |
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Journal of Reproductive Fertility |
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82 |
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43-49 |
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captive; Ovulation; Panthera pardus; Progesterone; Serum; sexual behaviour |
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Three mature nulliparous female leopards were studied for 5 years. During three separate 6-month periods serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals. Oestradiol was elevated over 21 pg/ml for 54 weeks during these 3 periods, and 36 oestradiol peaks (65\m=.\8\m=+-\6\m=.\3pg/ml (mean \m=+-\s.e.m.), range 21\p=n-\172pg/ml) were identified. Daily frequency of feline reproductive behaviours averaged over each week increased from 1\m=.\9\m=+-\0\m=.\2(n = 93) during weeks with low serum oestradiol concentrations (<21 pg/ml) to 5\m=.\3\m=+-\0\m=.\6(n = 54) during weeks when serum oestradiol concentrations (>21 pg/ml) were high. Increased serum progesterone concentrations (13\p=n-\98n/gml) were observed on 5 occasions in 2 leopards housed together. These presumptive luteal phases lasted from 1 to 5 weeks. Baseline progesterone values were 1\m=.\6\m=+-\0\m=.\4 ng/m(nl= 131). No progesterone increments were observed in isolated animals, and serum concentrations remained at baseline levels. These limited observations suggest that female leopards do not require intromission to induce ovulation and luteal function. The average interval between oestradiol peaks for cycles with no progesterone increment was 3\m=.\4weeks (range 1\p=n-\6weeks). The interval for the 3 complete cycles associated with elevated progesterone concentrations was 7\m=.\3weeks. Analysis of sexual behaviours over the 5-year study period revealed no evidence of seasonality in these
captive leopards. |
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SLN @ rana @ 923 |
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873 |
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Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Lewis, C.R. |
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Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and frequency of sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Journal Article |
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1993 |
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J Reprod Fertil |
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98 |
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1 |
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91-95 |
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Animal; Animals; zoo; physiology; Carnivora; Estradiol; Blood; estrus; Female; Progesterone; Seasons; Sex; behavior; Support; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; us; government; gov't; 490 |
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Serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals for six months, and correlated with daily behavioural observations in two adult female snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Three oestradiol peaks (> 21 pg ml-1; interval 3.6 weeks) were identified in a snow leopardess housed alone (two more were probably missed because of the weekly sampling schedule), and three oestradiol peaks were identified in a snow leopardess housed with a male as a breeding pair (interval 6 weeks). Daily frequencies of feline reproductive behaviour averaged 1.77 observations per observation period during weeks of high oestradiol and 0.62 during weeks of low oestradiol. Progesterone concentrations did not rise above baseline values (< 2 ng ml-1) in the isolated animal, but 6 weeks of high progesterone concentrations (4.9- 38.8 ng ml-1) was recorded in the paired snow leopardess following mating. No offspring were produced. Snow leopards were observed daily for an additional 4.5 years. Sexual behaviour peaks could be clearly identified from December through April, and average daily sexual behaviour scores were higher during these months than during the rest of the year. Intervals between sexual behaviour peaks for the isolated snow leopardess averaged 3.03 weeks. The sexual behaviour of the paired snow leopards decreased for 8-9 weeks following mating when no offspring were produced, and decreased for 13 weeks in one year when a single cub was born. |
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0022-4251 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 204 |
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874 |
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Doster, A.R.; Armstrong, D.L.; Bargar, T.W. |
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Seminoma and parathyroid adenoma in a snow leopard (Panthera unica) |
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1989 |
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J Comp Pathol |
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100 |
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4 |
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475-480 |
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Adenoma: pathology: veterinary; Animal; Carnivora; Dysgerminoma; pathology; veterinary; Male; Microscopy; Electron; neoplasms; Multiple Primary; Parathyroid; Testicular Neoplasms; adenoma; multiple; primary; Testicular; browse; 250 |
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A seminoma and parathyroid adenoma were diagnosed in an aged snow leopard. The ultrastructural appearance of the seminoma was similar to that described in the dog and in man. The lack of significant amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and free ribosomes in the parathyroid adenoma suggested that it was non-functional. Parathyroid adenoma has not been previously described in a large wild feline. |
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0021-9975 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 142 |
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244 |
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Richard, C. |
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Sectoral Report in Vol II: Developing Strategies for Agriculture and Related Sectors in Ladakh |
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1999 |
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livestock; grazing; predator; prey; herders; herder; Ladakh; browse; 1970 |
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Submitted to the Leh Autonomous Hill Developement Council by IMOCD, Jan 1999
Title, Analytic: Rangelands and Livestock as a Niche Opportunity for Ladakh. |
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SLN @ rana @ 373 |
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815 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Second SLIMS Workshop Held |
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1994 |
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xii |
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Chitral-Gol; Pakistan; Slims; surveys; research; Project-snow-leopard; teqniques; conflict-resolution; training; browse; 4590 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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SLN @ rana @ 273 |
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453 |
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Anonymous |
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Second order form no. 2: Snow leopard sign transect |
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1341 |
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Anonymous |
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Second order form 3: Ungulate survey |
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Johansson, O., Mishra, C., Chapron, G., Samelius, G., Lkhagvajav, P., McCarthy, T., Low, M. |
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Title |
Seasonal variation in daily activity patterns of snow leopards and their prey |
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2022 |
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Nature Portfolio |
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12 |
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21681 |
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1-11 |
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The daily and seasonal activity patterns of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are poorly understood, limiting our ecological understanding and hampering our ability to mitigate threats such as climate change and retaliatory killing in response to livestock predation. We fitted GPS-collars with activity loggers to snow leopards, Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica: their main prey), and domestic goats (Capra hircus: common livestock prey) in Mongolia between 2009 and 2020. Snow leopards were facultatively nocturnal with season-specific crepuscular activity peaks: seasonal activity shifted towards night- sunrise during summer, and day-sunset in winter. Snow leopard activity was in contrast to their prey, which were consistently diurnal. We interpret these results in relation to: (1) darkness as concealment for snow leopards when stalking in an open landscape (nocturnal activity), (2) low-intermediate light preferred for predatory ambush in steep rocky terrain (dawn and dusk activity), and (3) seasonal activity adjustments to facilitate thermoregulation in an extreme environment. These patterns suggest that to minimise human-wildlife conflict, livestock should be corralled at night and dawn in summer, and dusk in winter. It is likely that climate change will intensify seasonal effects on the snow leopard’s daily temporal niche for thermoregulation in the future. |
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