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Snow Leopard Bibliography

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Author Bobrinskiy N.A. url 
  Title (down) Preditors (Carnivora). The mountains of Central Asia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1938 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 233-234  
  Keywords Central Asia; mountain system; fauna; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 6340; Russian  
  Abstract It describes fauna of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Hissar mountains of Central Asia. The mountains of Central Asia. Ibex (Capra sibirica) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia) are listed among other inhabitants of highlands in Tien Shan and Pamir Hissar.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication 1938 Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in Russian Journal Title: A course of zoology. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 612 Serial 181  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Voronov A.G. url 
  Title (down) Predatory mammals Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 233-235  
  Keywords predators; mountains; endangered species; Red Data bok; snow leopard.; 8540; Russian  
  Abstract Predatory mammal in mountains are submitted by widely widespread species, such, as wolves, to a lynx and bears, and characteristic species for the high mountains, well adapted to mountain conditions and not going down below Alpine zone (a snow leopard, or irbis, occupying mountains of the Central Asia, etc.).  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biogeography of the world. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 831 Serial 994  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zhirjakov, V.A. url 
  Title (down) On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 25-30  
  Keywords Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 168 Serial 1078  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. url 
  Title (down) Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Int.Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue Pages 212-217  
  Keywords breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park  
  Abstract Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 31 Serial 535  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cai, G.; Liu, Y.; O'Gara, B.W. url 
  Title (down) Observations of large mammals in the Qaidam Basin and its peripheral mountainous area in the Peoples Republic of China Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Canadadian J.Zool. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue Pages 2021-2024  
  Keywords China; Qaidam; browse; 3340  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 156 Serial 206  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kreuzberg, E.; Esipov, A.; Bykova, E.; Vashetko, E. url 
  Title (down) Number, Distribution and Status of Habitats for Snow Leopard in Gissar Nature Reserve and Neighboring Areas Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xvi Issue Pages 4  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Gissar; habitat; distribution; status; field-study; research; surveys; poaching; hunting; grazing; livestock; browse; 4440  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 432 Serial 595  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Green, M.J.B.   
  Title (down) Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia Type Book Whole
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Himalaya; asia; parks; park; refuge; reserve; reserves; protected-areas; browse; protected; areas; 2640  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher IUCN, Cambridge and Oxford University Press Place of Publication New Delhi Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 196 Serial 349  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hussain, S. url 
  Title (down) Nature and Human Nature: Conservation, Values and Snow Leopard Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords snow; leopard; nature; Human; environment; environmental; conservation; conserving; conserve; economic; incentives; cbc; 4940  
  Abstract The failure of top-down environmental conservation practices gave rise to the so-called

`Community Based Conservation' or CBC approach. CBC promises to achieve the dual goals of

conserving nature and improving peoples' livelihoods. CBC programs also aim to involve local

communities as active partners in conservation efforts, and to use traditional knowledge and

local values in management of resources (Adams & Hulme 2001; Agrawal & Gibson 1999).

There are variations between different CBC programs; however, the underlying rationale of the

approach, common to all programs, is that introducing or changing economic incentives into the

conservation calculus of local people will bring about the behavioural change necessary for

successful conservation (Kellert et al 2000). Thus, the major emphasis in CBC programs is

conserving nature based on its utilitarian value. Since utilitarian value is measured in terms of

economics, hence the emphasis of CBCs on economic incentives in promoting conservation.

Recent evaluation of the CBC approach has shown that while local people may have benefited in

economic terms from the use of nature, no tangible improvements in biodiversity conservation

have occurred (Kellert et al 2000; Terborgh 1999). The disappointing performance of CBC

programs, which promised so much and yet have failed in practice to deliver, has recently lead to

a resurgence of the protectionist approach, calling for a renewed separation between the

conservation and human development objectives (Redford & Sanderson 2000; Terborgh 1999;

Oats 1999). Others, however, believe that the CBC approach has enormous potential, and that a

return to protectionist strategies would be disastrous, like `reinventing the square wheel'

(Brechin 2001; Wilhusen 2001). It is crucial that the flaws in the CBC approach are remedied if

there is to be any hope of a conservation agenda that does not conflict with the needs, aspirations

and interests of local people, and that therefore has a chance of having a long term, sustainable

conservation outcome.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 480 Serial 400  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title (down) Mountain mammals in Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 351-356  
  Keywords Pakistan; Chitral-Gol; status; distribution; hunting; poaching; hunters; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; chitral gol; chitral; protected area; protected; area; 2240  
  Abstract Four or five snow leopards were present in 300 sq km of Chitral District in 1974. Six snow leopards were shot in vicinity of Chitral Gol in winter of 1971-1972, and at least one the next year. Estimates fewer then 250 snow leopards in Pakistan.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 33 Serial 863  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association url 
  Title (down) Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 Type Manuscript
  Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology  
  Abstract In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism,

zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as

reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial

operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd,

Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from

September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made

the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that

administrative units have been increased and territories of

administrative units have been diminished. There have been four

provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation

limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than

ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert.

Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of

species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in

banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum,

Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing

in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently

necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures

into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across

hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression.

Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national

cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's

Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of

cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of

Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify

popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of

agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central

Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December

16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of

1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 %

of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals

amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total

animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article

mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in

Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such

number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into

five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult

animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally

in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food

of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main

nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the

soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of

secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of

ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt

one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for

domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big

game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and

hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting.

Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give

prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly

it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15

USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially

picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow

leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack

domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of

ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting

wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't

consider it had been right since it was natural event. However

population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought

and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has

never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million

heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in

its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of

domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild

animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards

correctly with low costs.		  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1100 Serial 705  
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