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Bannikov A.G. (1971). Genus Panthera.
Abstract: It gives the description of genus Panthera: lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. The mountains of Central Asia and South Siberia limit the habitat of snow leopard in the USSR. This species is also distributed in the Himalayas, Tibet, and mountains of Mongolia. In summer, it lives at 3,660 3,970 m above sea level, while in winter, following the ungulates; snow leopard descends to 1,800 m. In the Himalayas, it ascends up to 5,500 m above sea level in summer. In Djungar and Talas Ala-Tau, snow leopard keeps at 600 1,200 m. It takes refuge in caves and cracks of rocks. Snow leopard is mostly active in twilights and night, rarer in daylight, and preys on ungulates, hares, marmots, and others. The coupling period is winter or early spring. A gestation is about 90 days. It has 3 5 cubs in a litter.
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Aristov A.A. (2001). Genus Irbises Uncia Gray, 1854. Irbis or snow leopard Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775).
Abstract: An identification table for genus and species of mammals of Russia and adjacent areas is given. The taxonomy, morphology, distribution and life history of carnivores are described. The features of genus Uncia and species Uncia uncia, geographical variability, distribution, biology and value are described in detail.
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Pavlinov I.Ya. (2002). Genus irbis (Uncia Gray, 1854), irbis (Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776). Terrain animals of Russia. Reference book identifier.
Abstract: It provides brief characteristics of terrain mammals in Russia: taxonomy, synonyms, principle features, distribution, habitat, biological features. Snow leopard is distributed in the mountains (from 800 to 5,000 m above sea level) of Central Asia Himalayas, Tibet, Pamir, Tien-Shan; in Russia the Altai, Tuva, southern Transbaikalia.
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Robinson, J. J., Crichlow, A. D., Hacker, C. E., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtsog, B., Zhang, Y., Swanson, W. F., Lyons, L. A., Janecka, J. E. (2024). Genetic Variation in the Pallas’s Cat (Otocolobus manul) in Zoo-Managed and Wild Populations. Diversity, 16(228), 1–13.
Abstract: The Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul) is one of the most understudied taxa in the Felidae family. The species is currently assessed as being of “Least Concern” in the IUCN Red List, but this assessment is based on incomplete data. Additional ecological and genetic information is necessary for the long-term in situ and ex situ conservation of this species. We identified 29 microsatellite loci with sufficient diversity to enable studies into the individual identification, population structure, and phylogeography of Pallas’s cats. These microsatellites were genotyped on six wild Pallas’s cats from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Mongolia and ten cats from a United States zoo-managed population that originated in Russia and Mongolia. Additionally, we examined diversity in a 91 bp segment of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) locus and a hypoxia-related gene, endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1). Based on the microsatellite and MT-RNR1 loci, we established that the Pallas’s cat displays moderate genetic diversity. Intriguingly, we found that the Pallas’s cats had one unique nonsynonymous substitution in EPAS1 not present in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) or domestic cats (Felis catus). The analysis of the zoo-managed population indicated reduced genetic diversity compared to wild individuals. The genetic information from this study is a valuable resource for future research into and the conservation of the Pallas’s cat.
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Abzalov A.A. (1974). Game management development.
Abstract: An issue of wildlife conservation in game preserves, forestries, and sanctuaries is discussed. In some regions of Uzbekistan there are various protected wildlife areas preserving unique and game species: marchor in the Kugitan hunting farm, Bukhara deer the Bukhara region, bear and snow leopard, argali, ibex, wild-boars, snow-cock, partridge, eagle, etc. in the Miraki hunting farm, pheasants in the Karadara forestry. To restore and upgrade the game management level in the country it is required to properly create game preserves, enlarge reproduction activity, strictly follow rules and terms of hunting and cultivate careful and solicitous attitude to wildlife and its resources in all hunters.
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Batyrov A.R. (1987). Game mammals of Uzbekistan and its change at the late Quaternary.
Abstract: In the process of archeo-zoological investigations in Uzbekistan bones of 81 mammals species were found. Some of them, mainly large mammals are not living here currently. Age of found bones of snow leopard correspond with early and late Holocene.
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Ishunin G.I. (1963). Game mammals and birds of northern slopes of the Turkestan ridge.
Abstract: There are 27 mammal species in the mountains of Turkestan ridge, 17 of which are good for trade or sport hunting. However, many of them have become non-numerous because of overhunting or destruction of their natural complexes (forest cutting, erosion, etc.). In Turkestan ridge of Uzbekistan, snow leopard is protected only in the Zaamin nature reserve.
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Petrov B.M. (1963). Game fauna in western extremities of the Tien Shan and specific issues of its enrichment and use.
Abstract: It provides a brief description of game fauna in the West Tien Shan including the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, and Kurama ridges, characterized by high diversity and practical value of predatory mammal species (including snow leopard), Artiodactyls, rodents and birds. There arises a question of game fauna enrichment and game management regulating on this territory.
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Ishunin G.I. (1974). Game and rare animals of Uzbekistan and their protection (Vol. 1).
Abstract: Totally in Uzbekistan inhabited about 40 game species, but many of them became rare (Mellivora capensis indica, Lutra lutra seistanica, Hyaena hyaena, Felis pardus ciscaucasicus, Felis uncia, Felis ¤…a…c…l michaelis, F.manul ferrugineus, Cervus elaphus bactrianus, ¥…da… falconeri heptneri, Ovis orientalis bochariensis, I. about severtsovi, About ammon k…a†1ini), from fauna of region have disappeared Cuon alpinus hesperius, D…nthera tigris virgata, Acion¢o jubatus, Cervus elaphus sibiricus, Equus h†mionus, E. dazewalskii, Camelus bactrianus. For protection of valuable species of animals in Uzbekistan 6 nature reserves and 6 zakazniks were established.
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Qiseng, Y. (1994). Further Study on the Geographical Distribution and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Qinghai, China. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 73–78). Usa: Islt.
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