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Author Raghavan, B.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Qureshi, Q.
Title (down) Interactions between livestock and Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei); final report Type Report
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-46
Keywords Interactions; interaction; livestock; Ladakh; urial; ovis; endangered; Animal; Iucn; 2000; Cites; indian; wildlife; protection; number; 1960; 70; hunting; meat; fox; Chundawat; population; range; species; recent; humans; Human; Pressure; habitat; areas; area; human activity; activity; activities; agriculture; pastoralism; development; dam; Base; threats; threat; poaching; grazing; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; Competition; resource; presence; India; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program
Abstract The Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei) is a highly endangered animal (IUCN Red List 2000) listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES and Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Its numbers had been reduced to a few hundred individuals in the 1960s and 70s through hunting for trophies and meat (Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). However, with the protection bestowed by the IWPA 1972, and resultant decrease in hunting, the population seems to have shown a marginal increase to about 1000-1500 individuals in its range in Ladakh (Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). Although the species had in the past, been able to coexist with the predominantly Buddhist society of Ladakh, the recent increase in the population of both humans and their livestock has placed immense pressures on its habitat (Shackleton 1997, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). This is especially important considering that the Ladakh urial habitat coincides with the areas of maximum human activity in terms of settlements, agriculture, pastoralism and development, in Ladakh (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). Increased developmental activities such as construction of roads, dams, and military bases in these areas have also increased the access to their habitat. This has consequently made the species more vulnerable to the threats of poaching and habitat destruction (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2002). Pressure from increased livestock grazing is one of the major threats faced by the species today (Shackleton 1997, Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, IUCN Red List 2000 Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). In the impoverished habitat provided by the Trans-Himalayas, there is great competition for the scarce resources between various animal species surviving here (Fox 1996, Mishra 2001). The presence of livestock intensifies this competition and can either force the species out of its niche (competitive exclusion) by displacing it from that area or resource, or lead to partitioning of resources between the species, spatially or temporally, for coexistence (Begon et al. 1986, Gause 1934).
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Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Wildlife Institute of India. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1075 Serial 802
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Author Baral N.; Stern, M.; Heinen, J.T.
Title (down) Integrated conservation and development project life cycles in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: Is development overpowering conservation? Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Biodiversity Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2903-2917
Keywords annapurna; Biodiversity conservation; community-based; conservation; Gender; management; Nepal; protected area; development; project; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area
Abstract The merits of integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs), which aim to provide development incentives to citizens in return for conservation behaviors, have long been debated in the literature. Some of the most common critiques suggest that conservation activities tend to be strongly overpowered by development activities. We studied this assertion through participant observation and archival analysis of five Conservation Area Management Committees (CAMCs) in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal. Committee activities were categorized as conservation activities (policy development and conservation implementation), development activities (infrastructure, health care, education, economic development, and sanitation), or activities related to institutional strengthening (administrative development and capacity building activities). Greater longevity of each ICDP was associated with greater conservation activity in relation to development activities. Project life cycles progressed from a focus on development activities in their early stages, through a transitional period of institutional strengthening, and toward a longer-term focus that roughly balanced conservation and development activities. Results suggest that the ICDP concept, as practiced in ACA, has been successful at building capacity for and interest in conservation amongst local communities. However, success has come over a period of nearly a decade, suggesting that prior conclusions about ICDP failures may have been based on unrealistic expectations of the time needed to influence behavioral changes in target populations.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 938 Serial 117
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Author Anonymous
Title (down) Indian Wildlife Protection Act Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords conservation; protection; India; browse; 1840; indian; wildlife
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Natraj Publishers, Dehradun, India Date of Meeting: (1992) Date of Copyright: 1992 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 179 Serial 76
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Author Blomqvist, L.; Dexel, B.
Title (down) In Focus: Declining numbers of wild snow leopards Type Miscellaneous
Year 2006 Publication EAZA Zoo News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 26-27
Keywords asia; Cites; conflict; habitat loss; herder; laws; poaching; protection; snow leopard; threat; trade; Uncia uncia
Abstract International collaboration to ensure the long-term survival of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the wild is today more acutely needed than ever! Trade in live snow leopards, their skins and bones, has during the last decade reached such extensiveness that the species is in danger of being wiped out from many of its former habitats. All recent surveys support declining populations throughout most of their range.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 887 Serial 172
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Author Cunha, S.F.
Title (down) Hunting of Rare and Endangered Fauna in the Mountains of Post-Soviet Central Asia Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 110-120
Keywords asia; hunting; poaching; bones; pelts; pelt; teeth; fur; coat; conservation; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Pamir; Tien-Shan; parks; protected-areas; refuge; reserves; browse; soviet; union; protected; 2830
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 212 Serial 229
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Author Xuedong, X.; Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W.
Title (down) Herd characteristics and habitat use of a blue sheep population in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve Type Conference Article
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 97-104
Keywords Nepal; prey; Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; blue-sheep; habitat; Pseudois-nayaur; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; 3480
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
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Notes Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 263 Serial 1041
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Author Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.
Title (down) Hemis, a national park for snow leopards in India's Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Int.Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 6 Issue Pages 71-84
Keywords protected-area; Hemis; park; parks; refuge; reserve; India; Himalaya; protected; area; areas; protected areas; protected area; browse; Jammu; Kashmir; habitat; tourism; land-use; humans; developement; conflict; management; 3170
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Notes Full text available at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 155 Serial 296
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Author Koshkarev, E.
Title (down) Has the Snow Leopard Disappeared from Eastern Sayan and Western Hovsogol? Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 96-107
Keywords Sayan; Hovsogol; distribution; status; Mongolia; siberia; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; field-studies; tracks; pug; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; scat; feces; ibex; predator; prey; protected-area; Hovsogul; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; field studies; field; sutdies; pug marks; protected; area; areas; protected areas; protected area; 2850
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eigth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 400 Serial 564
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Author Sherpa, L.N.; Lama, W.B.
Title (down) Hands around Mt. Everest Type Miscellaneous
Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Tibet; China; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; conservation; Transboundry; economics; tourism; Qomolangma; browse; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3170
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL:Report on Transboundary Exchange Between Qomolangma Nature Preserve and Nepal's Mountain Protected Areas held in Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, September 21 to October 13, 1996 by Lhakpa Norbu Sherpa*, Transboundary Exchange Advisor, with assistance from Wendy Brewer Lama**, Ecotourism Specialist, The Mountain Institute Himalaya ProgramMarch 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 327 Serial 883
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Author Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R.; Hillard, D.
Title (down) Grassroots Measures to Protect the Endangered Snow Leopard from Herder Retribution: Lessons Learned from Predator-Proofing Corrals in Ladahh Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; livestock; depredation; herder; conflict; Ladakh; predator; protection; predation; protected; uncia; 4960
Abstract Livestock depredation is an increasingly contentious issue across the range of the

endangered snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Depredation is most severe in or near protected areas

offering core habitat for this cat. “Surplus killing,” in which as many as 100 sheep and goats have

been killed in a single night, inevitably results in attempts at retaliatory killing of predators by

herders suffering significant loss. Ironically, such predation by snow leopard, wolf, or lynx can be

avoided by adequately predator-proofing nighttime enclosures. Predation on the open range is far

more difficult to address, but may be reduced to acceptable levels through improved day-time

guarding of livestock, educating herders on the importance of protecting the predator's natural prey

base, and by providing economic incentives to help offset unavoidable loss.

This paper describes community-based initiatives being undertaken in India's Hemis National Park

aimed at predator-proofing livestock corrals and encouraging local herders to become more effective

stewards of the snow leopard, its prey and habitat. A highly participatory, 4-step process known as

Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action (APPA) provides the primary mechanism for

assisting communities to develop Action Plans to reduce livestock depredation losses, increase

household incomes, and strengthen environmental stewardship. Herders are informed about the

Snow Leopard Stewardship program and conditions for a successful outcome. The team, comprised

of local people, NGO staff, facilitators and government officials, first identifies the root causes for

depredation (Discovery). Under the next phase, Dreaming, participants envision how their village

might appear if depredation losses were reduced to acceptable levels, household incomes increased,

and snow leopards fully protected. This provides a good basis upon which to collaboratively devise

actions for addressing the community's concerns (Design). Delivery involves implementing actions

under the overall Action Plan, as well as specific measures that can be acted upon immediately. The

community is encouraged to use simple but realistic indicators for monitoring the project's

effectiveness.

In Lessons Learned to Date, we highlight the importance of providing meaningful community

involvement from inception through project implementation and monitoring. The use of APPA

greatly increases ownership, communal empowerment and self-reliance, and local people's

willingness to protect wildlife. The Snow Leopard Conservancy believes that the most effective

conservation actions will be contingent upon (1) establishing direct linkages with biodiversity

protection; (2) ensuring reciprocal co-financing and commensurate responsibility from the

community; (3) encouraging full participation from all stakeholders irrespective of their gender, age

or economic status; and (4) ensuring regular monitoring and evaluation under an agreed-to Action

Plan that sets forth the responsibilities, contributions and obligations of each partner.
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 482 Serial 468
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