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	Author	Wu, D., Maming, R., Xu, G., Zhu X., Buzzard, P.
	Title	Relationship between ibex and snow leopard about food chain and population density in Tian Shan			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Selevinia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	186-190
	Keywords	diet, ibex, snow leopard
	Abstract	Many studies have demonstrated that ibex (Capra sibirica) are the most frequently eaten prey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Xinjiang, the west of China. Thus, an understanding of interactions between these species may have significant management and conservation of implications for both. In this study, we provide information on ibex grouping and density over a 24 month period in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang, China. We then use ibex density to estimate the density of snow leopards. We observed ibex primarily in ewe-lamb groups (N=880), but ibex sexual segregation and grouping changed seasonally with more mixed-sex groups during the winter rut. We observed the most ibex in April 2014 and 2015 with an average of (2422 ± 119 ibex). Over the 1643 km2 study area we then estimated an ibex density of 154 ± 23 ibex /100 km2 from which we estimated a density of 1.31~2.58 snow leopards/100 km2.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1439
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	Author	Fedosenko A.K.
	Title	Relationship between the predators and wild ungulates in North Tien Shan and Jungar Alatau			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	72-74
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; predators-preys relationship; snow leopard; preys.; 6670; Russian
	Abstract	Ibex is a main prey for snow leopards. The role of marmots and snow cocks in snow leopard's consumption is negligent. It can prey on morals in the fir-wood. A case of snow leopard's attacking a dog is also known.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 645			Serial	270
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	Author	Khanal, G., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
	Title	Relative influence of wild prey and livestock abundance on carnivore-caused livestock predation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ecology and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords	conservation conflict, human carnivore conflict, large mammalian carnivore, livestock depredation, Nepal, Shey Phoksundo National Park, snow leopard
	Abstract	Conservation conflict over livestock depredation is one of the key drivers of large mammalian carnivore declines worldwide. Mitigating this conflict requires strategies informed by reliable knowledge of factors influencing livestock depredation. Wild prey and livestock abundance are critical factors influencing the extent of livestock depredation. We compared whether the extent of livestock predation by snow leopards Panthera uncia differed in relation to densities of wild prey, livestock, and snow leopards at two sites in Shey Phoksundo National Park, Nepal. We used camera trap-based spatially explicit capture–recapture models to estimate snow leopard density; double-observer surveys to estimate the density of their main prey species, the blue sheep Pseudois nayaur; and interview-based household surveys to estimate livestock population and number of livestock killed by snow leopards. The proportion of livestock lost per household was seven times higher in Upper Dolpa, the site which had higher snow leopard density (2.51 snow leopards per 100 km2) and higher livestock density (17.21 livestock per km2) compared to Lower Dolpa (1.21 snow leopards per 100 km2; 4.5 livestock per km2). The wild prey density was similar across the two sites (1.81 and 1.57 animals per km2 in Upper and Lower Dolpa, respectively). Our results suggest that livestock depredation level may largely be determined by the abundances of the snow leopards and livestock and predation levels on livestock can vary even at similar levels of wild prey density. In large parts of the snow leopard range, livestock production is indispensable to local livelihoods and livestock population is expected to increase to meet the demand of cashmere. Hence, we recommend that any efforts to increase livestock populations or conservation initiatives aimed at recovering or increasing snow leopard population be accompanied by better herding practices (e.g., predator-proof corrals) to protect livestock from snow leopard.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1611
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	Author	Ale, S.B.
	Title	Religion and Snow Leopards in Nepal			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication	Snow Line	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	xvi	Issue		Pages	10-10
	Keywords	Nepal; religion; tourism; Culture; folklore; buddhism; 4850
	Abstract
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	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Journal Title: Snow Line			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 472			Serial	56
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	Author	Bhatnagar, Y.V.
	Title	Relocation from wildlife reserves in the Greater and Trans-Himalayas: Is it necessary?			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	Conservation and Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	3	Pages	263-270
	Keywords	wildlife reserves,relocation,Greater Himalayas,Trans-Himalayas; wildlife; reserves; relocation; Himalayas; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya
	Abstract	The Greater and Trans-Himalayan tracts are cold deserts that have severe seasonal and resource scarce environments. Covering the bulk of Indian Himalayas, they are a rich repository of biodiversity values and ecosystem services. The region has a large protected area (PA) network which has not been completely effective in conserving these unique values. The human population densities are much lower (usually < 1 per sq km) than in most other parts of the country (over 300 to a sq km). However, even such small populations can come into conflict with strict PA laws that demand large inviolate areas, which can mainly be achieved through relocation of the scattered settlements. In this paper, I reason that in this landscape relocation is not a tenable strategy for conservation due to a variety of reasons. The primary ones are that wildlife, including highly endangered ones are pervasive in the larger landscape (unlike the habitat 'islands' of the forested ecosystems) and existing large PAs usually encompass only a small proportion of this range. Similarly, traditional use by people for marginal cultivation, biomass extraction and pastoralism is also as pervasive in this landscape. There does exist pockets of conflict and these are probably increasing owing to a variety of changes relating to modernisation. However, scarce resources, the lack of alternatives and the traditional practice of clear-cut division of all usable areas and pastures between communities make resettlement of people outside PAs extremely difficult. It is reasoned that given the widespread nature of the wildlife and pockets of relatively high density, it is important to prioritise these smaller areas for conservation in a scenario where they form a mosaic of small 'cores' that are more effectively maintained with local support and that enable wildlife to persist. These ideas have recently gained widespread acceptance in both government and conservation circles and may soon become part of national strategy for these areas.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 914			Serial	138
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	Author	Prasad, S.N.; Chundawat, R.S.; Hunter, D.O.; Panwar, H.S.; Rawat, G.S.
	Title	Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery preliminary results			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1991	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	519-523
	Keywords	snow-leopard; Gis; cartographic-modelling; India; Ladakh; Zanskar; predation; habitat; prey; predator; blue-sheep; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; cartographic modelling; cartographic; modelling; 810
	Abstract	The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a flagship species for conservation in the high mountain regions of central Asia. Data on snow leopard predation, habitat conditions and range of main prey species were gathered along with thematic maps of the study area for elevation, snow cover, sighting data, kill data, blue sheep use areas, and vegetation data. These data were entered into a GIS and used to help delineate surface features from a satellite image. Preliminary results show that general physiographic features of snow leopard habitat can be detected using satellite imagery and that GIS cartographic modeling techniques can improve this delineation. -from Authors
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Buhyoff, G.J.
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	Notes	Title, Monographic: Resource Technology 90. Proc. second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resources management Place of Meeting: Washington, DC			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 176			Serial	792
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	Author	Alexander, D.
	Title	Report from a troubled land: The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan crushed oe of the most promising conservation programs in the Third World			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1980	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard, Afghanistan, conservation, Soviet, war
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1257
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L.
	Title	Report on Fifth Slims Training Workshop (Nepal)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2000	Publication	Snow Line	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	xvii	Issue		Pages	6-15
	Keywords	Slims; Nepal; training; techniques; Gps; field-work; surveys; Tibet; habitat; China; hunting; poaching; livestock; population; Shey-Phoksundo; parks; protected-area; reserves; annapurna; Dhorpatan; Manaslu; Sagarmatha; Langtang; Islt; Wwf; Hmg; Dnpwc; browse; 4460
	Abstract	Nepal's snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are mostly found along the northern border with Tibet (China). The largest populations are in Dolpa, Mugu, Manang, and Myagdi Districts. Potential habitat totals about 30,000 square kilometers. Numbers are estimated at 300-500, but surveys are urgently needed to confirm this rough guess. Like elsewhere, the primary threats center on poaching, depletion of natural prey, livestock depredation and resultant retributive killing of snow leopards by herders, and the lack of public awareness and support for conserving snow leoaprds, especially among local herders.
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	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 434			Serial	466
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	Author	Bajimaya, S.; Baral N.; Yadav L.B.
	Title	Report on Overall Assessment of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Nepal; hunting; reserves; reserve; parks; park; refuge; hunter; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2300
	Abstract
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	Notes	A report submitted to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 149			Serial	108
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	Author	Ming, M.; XuFeng; Turghan, M.; Shoujin, Y.
	Title	Report on Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) Surveys in Tomur, Xinjiang, China 2004			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard; Uncia uncia; survey; distribution; abundance; population size; Tomur; Xinjiang; P.R.China; 5710
	Abstract	The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) investigation in the Tomur area is the second step of the “Project of Snow Leopard Study in Xinjiang”. In this part of the project, we collected information on the distribution , abundance and population size of the snow leopard in this area. The investigation lasted for 3 weeks, between October 17 and November 7th, 2004. During the 22 days of field work, we surveyed 4 different places in Wensu County, Aksu District: e.g. Pochenzi and the Muzat River area, Bozdun and the Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyar and the Tomur River area, Taglak and the Qiong Tailan River area. The 4 main areas, along with a few other valleys, covered most of the Tomur National Conservation Zone. In total, we ran 42 transects. In 15 transects, we found signs left by snow leopards. We also collected 15 fecal samples for diet analysis. This time we interviewed nearly 90 local people from different nationalities: e.g. Han (Chinese), Uygur and Kyrgyz people, including herdsmen, geologists, mineworkers, drivers, veterinarians, businessmen, forest officials, soldiers and policemen. They provided us with an array of information on the historical and current distribution and abundance of the snow leopard in this area.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography; Chinese Academy of Science	Place of Publication	Xinjian, P.R. of China	Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 52			Serial	677
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