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Author Koshkarev E.
Title (up) What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union? Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 (19) Issue Pages 72
Keywords Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian
Abstract It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 706 Serial 556
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Author Sunquist, F.
Title (up) Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication International Wildlife Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Keywords Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people
Abstract The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples.
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Notes COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 330 Serial 950
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Author Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C.
Title (up) Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-10
Keywords browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya
Abstract Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.
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Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Online Editor
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Notes This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1062 Serial 951
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Author Sapozhnikov G.N.
Title (up) Wild sheep in Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 199 p.
Keywords Tajikistan; urial; argali; taxonomy; morphology; variability; life history characteristics; distribution; number; diet; behavior; parasites; predators; snow leopard.; 8060; Russian
Abstract The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii).
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 784 Serial 845
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Author Tallian, A., Mattisson, J., Samelius, G., Odden, J., Mishra, C., Linnell, J. D. C., Lkhagvajav, P., Johansson, O.
Title (up) Wild versus domestic prey: Variation in the kill-site behavior of two large felids Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Global Ecology and Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 47 Issue e026750 Pages 1-13
Keywords Eurasian lynx, Handling time, Landscape, Livestock, Predation, Snow leopard
Abstract Livestock depredation is an important source of conflict for many terrestrial large carnivore

species. Understanding the foraging behavior of large carnivores on domestic prey is therefore

important for both mitigating conflict and conserving threatened carnivore populations. Handling

time is an important, albeit often overlooked, component of predatory behavior, as it directly

influences access to food biomass, which can affect predator foraging efficiency and subsequent

kill rates. We used long-term data on snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Mongolia (Asia) and

Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Norway (Europe) to examine how large carnivore foraging patterns

varied between domestic and wild prey, and how the different landscape characteristics affected

those patterns. Our results suggest handling time was generally shorter for domestic compared to

wild prey. For snow leopards, rugged terrain was linked to increased handling time for larger

prey. For lynx, handling time increased with terrain ruggedness for domestic, but not wild, prey,

and was greater in closed compared to open habitats. There were also other differences in snow

leopard and lynx foraging behavior, e.g., snow leopards also stayed longer at, and remained closer

to, their kill sites than lynx. Shorter handling time suggests that felids may have utilized domestic

prey less effectively than wild prey, i.e., they spent less time consuming their prey. This could a)

result in an energetic or fitness cost related to decreased felid foraging efficiency caused by the

risk of anthropogenic disturbance, or b) exacerbate conflict if reduced handling time associated

with easy prey results in increased livestock depredation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1737
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title (up) Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. II. Issue Pages 278-279
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian
Abstract The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 855 Serial 1085
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Author WWF Russia & Mongolia
Title (up) WWF Altai-Sayan Newsletter Type Report
Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 12 Pages 6
Keywords WWF Russia, WWF Mongolia, argali, snow leopard
Abstract WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia share the main achievements of both offices in Altai – Sayan Ecoregion regarding species conservation, protected areas, ecotourism, public awareness, education, eco clubs, fresh water. Several articles reference snow leopards:

WWF Mongolia

Argali population observation in transboundary area

WWF Russia

Ecotourism camps in the habitats of a snow leopard and argali WWF and UNDP

WWF Russia

WWF assessed the level of conflict between herders and a snow leopard in Republic of Tyva

WWF Russia

The first ecological festival in the history of Mountain Altai for snow leopard conservation!
Address Email: tivanitskaya@wwf.ru
Corporate Author Communication Staff of Altai - Sayan Programme in Russia and Mongolia Thesis
Publisher WWF Place of Publication Russia Editor
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1110
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Author WWF Russia & Mongolia
Title (up) WWF Altai-Sayan Newsletter Type Report
Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 13 Pages 8
Keywords WWF Russia, WWF Mongolia, argali, snow leopard
Abstract WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia share the main achievements of both offices in Altai – Sayan Ecoregion regarding species conservation, protected areas, ecotourism, public awareness,education, eco clubs, fresh water. Several articles reference snow leopards and argali:

WWF Russia

Camera Trapping in Argut River Valley

Community inspection is established in Republic of Altai to take part in anti – poaching activities in the key territory for argali and snow leopard conservation

“Land of Snow Leopard” Ecotourism Project as a tool to protect Irbis and Argali by local communities

Snow Leopard and Argali inspired the Masters of Felt Making of Republic of Altai

Snow Leopard – a Treasure of Tuva. WWF introduces Tuva journalists to the snow leopard (Tsagaan Shibetu Ridge)

WWF and Oxfam –GB joint project works on capacity building of local people in Tuva

WWF Mongolia

Nature conservation through involving local residents and supporting their initiatives

Community groups trans-boundary cooperation

Altai-Sayan PA administration staff start to undertake quality research activities at experts level
Address Email: khulan@wwf.mn
Corporate Author Communication Staff of Altai - Sayan Programme in Russia and Mongolia Thesis
Publisher WWF Place of Publication Russia Editor
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1138
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Author WWF Russia & Mongolia
Title (up) WWF Newsletter Altai-Sayan Ecoregion January – March 2011 Type Report
Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 15 Pages 13
Keywords snow leopard, Mongolia, hunting
Abstract
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Corporate Author WWF Russia & Mongolia Thesis
Publisher WWF Russia & Mongolia Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1309
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Author WWF Russia & Mongolia
Title (up) WWF Newsletter Altai-Sayan Ecoregion July – September 2011 Type Report
Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 17 Pages 1-22
Keywords snow leopard, Mongolia, hunting, argali, Land of the Snow Leopard, Altai-Sayan, Russia, poaching, reserve,
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1363
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Author Anonymous
Title (up) You can help save the snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Pakistan, snow leopard, conservation
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Pakistani Summary Language Original Title
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Notes English translation. Year unknown. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1270
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Author Freeman, H., Braden, K.
Title (up) Zoo location as a factopr in the reproductive behavior of captive snow leopards, Uncia uncia Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Zoological Garten J.F. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 47 Issue 3/4 Pages 280-288
Keywords snow leopard, captivity, behavior, breeding, reproduction
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1256
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Author Kashkarov, E.
Title (up) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES IN WESTERN BERINGIA Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 208-217
Keywords zoogeographical discoveries, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, global warming, hundred-year rhythm, Beringia, Koryakia, Chukotka.
Abstract Among zoogeographical discoveries of the frontier of XXI century there is nothing more interesting

than discoveries of Rodion Sivolobov in Western Beringia. Beringia has surprised us by

paleontological discoveries many centuries ago, and also surprised by modern one. Somehow they

came out of attention of all International environmental foundations and Academies of the world, as

if on purpose to show their professional incompetence. It is the only way to describe the

organization, not to notice the appearance of such big cats as the Snow leopard and Amur tiger for

5,000 kilometers from the border of main range, as well as large Pleistocene relict � the Irkuyembear.

All three endangered species of mammals found by Sivolobov in Koryakia and Chukotka, and

for the snow leopard he took the world's first photo in Beringia.

New facts suggests two things: (1) the ancient refuges of big cats locate to Koryakia and

Chukotka much closer of main ranges, (2) global warming, changing natural environment on the

waves of hundred-year rhythms, periodically pushing irbis and tiger on the ways of ancient

Beringian migrations stored in their genetic memories. Irkuyem is a contemporary of the mammoth.

209

Unlike it, this bear lived up to our days, but remained undetected even by the large “mammoths” of

science.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1455
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