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Author Khatoon, R., Hussain, I., Anwar, M., Nawaz, M. A.
Title (up) Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Turkish Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 14 Pages 914-923
Keywords Snow leopard, conservation, seasonal variation, diet composition, Chitral, Pakistan
Abstract Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an elusive endangered carnivore found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia, with

sparse distribution in northern Pakistan, including Chitral and Baltistan. The present study determined the food habits of snow leopard,

including preferred prey species and seasonal variation in diet. Fifty-six scat samples were collected and analyzed to determine the

diet composition in two different seasons, i.e. summer and winter. Hair characteristics such as cuticular scale patterns and medullary

structure were used to identify the prey. This evidence was further substantiated from the remains of bones, claws, feathers, and other

undigested remains found in the scats. A total of 17 prey species were identified; 5 of them were large mammals, 6 were mesomammals,

and the remaining 6 were small mammals. The occurrence of wild ungulates (10.4%) in the diet was low, while livestock constituted a

substantial part (26.4%) of the diet, which was higher in summer and lower in winter. Mesomammals altogether comprised 33.4% of

the diet, with palm civet (Paguma larvata) as a dominant (16.8%) species, followed by golden marmot (Marmota caudate) (8.8%), which

was higher in winter. There was a significant difference in seasonal variation in domestic livestock and small mammals. The livestock

contribution of 26.4% observed in the present study indicates a significant dependence of the population on livestock and suggests

that the study area is expected to be a high-conflict area for snow leopards. The results of the current study would help improve the

conservation efforts for snow leopards, contributing to conflict resolution and effective management of this endangered cat.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1459
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title (up) Distribution and Status of the Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Tiger Paper Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vii Issue 4 Pages 115-120
Keywords distribution; status; conservation; browse; 2140
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 49 Serial 148
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Author Jack, R.
Title (up) DNA Testing and GPS positioning of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) genetic material in the Khunjerab National Park Northern Areas, Pakistan Type Report
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-15
Keywords project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; Dna; Gps; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Khunjerab; Khunjerab-National-Park; national; national park; National-park; park; areas; area; Pakistan; protection; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; local; local people; people; information; number; range; Animals; Animal; study; distribution; management; professional; techniques; capture; use; field; country; China; border; work; art; Gis; Forest; manage; Wwf; maps; map; location; training; research; mountain
Abstract The protection of Snow Leopards in the remote and economically disadvantaged Northern Areas of Pakistan needs local people equipped with the skills to gather and present information on the number and range of individual animals in their area. It is important for the success of a conservation campaign that the people living in the area are engaged in the conservation process. Snow Leopards are elusive and range through inhospitable terrain so direct study is difficult. Consequently the major goals for this project were twofold, to gather information on snow leopard distribution in this area and to train local university students and conservation management professionals in the techniques used for locating snow leopards without the need to capture or even see the animals. This project pioneered the use of DNA testing of field samples collected in Pakistan to determine the distribution of snow leopards and to attempt to identify individuals. These were collected in and around that country's most northerly national park, the Kunjurab National Park, which sits on the Pakistan China border. Though the Northern Areas is not a well developed part of Pakistan, it does possess a number of institutions that can work together to strengthen snow leopard conservation. The first of these is a newly established University with students ready to be trained in the skills needed. Secondly WWF-Pakistan has an office in the main town and a state of the art GIS laboratory in Lahore and already works closely with the Forest Department who manage the national park. All three institutions worked together in this project with WWF providing GIS expertise, the FD rangers, and the university students carrying out the laboratory work. In addition in the course of the project the University of the Punjab in Lahore also joined the effort, providing laboratory facilities for the students. As a result of this project maps have been produced showing the location of snow leopards in

two areas. Preliminary DNA evidence indicates that there is more than one animal in this

relatively small area, but the greatest achievement of this project is the training and

experience gained by the local students. For one student this has been life changing. Due to

the opportunities provided by this study the student, Nelofar gained significant scientific

training and as a consequence she is now working as a lecturer and research officer for the

Center for Integrated Mountain Research, New Campus University of the Punjab, Lahore

Pakistan
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Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1067 Serial 427
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Author Mehta, J.; Heinen, J.T.
Title (up) Does community-based conservation shape favorable attitudes among locals? An empirical study from Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Environmental Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 165-177
Keywords community-based; conservation; attitudes; attitude; local; study; Nepal
Abstract Like many developing countries, Nepal has adopted a community-based conservation (CBC) approach in recent years to manage its protected areas mainly in response to poor park-people relations. Among other things, under this approach the government has created new “people-oriented” conservation areas, formed and devolved legal authority to grassroots-level institutions to manage local resources, fostered infrastructure development, promoted tourism, and provided income-generating trainings to local people. Of interest to policy-makers and resource managers in Nepal and worldwide is whether this approach to conservation leads to improved attitudes on the part of local people. It is also important to know if personal costs and benefits associated with various intervention programs, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence these attitudes. We explore these questions by looking at the experiences in Annapurna and Makalu-Baran Conservation Areas, Nepal, which have largely adopted a CBC approach in policy formulation, planning, and management. The research was conducted during 1996 and 1997; the data collection methods included random household questionnaire surveys, informal interviews, and review of official records and published literature. The results indicated that the majority of local people held favorable attitudes toward these conservation areas. Logistic regression results revealed that participation in training, benefit from tourism, wildlife depredation issue, ethnicity, gender, and education level were the significant predictors of local attitudes in one of the other conservation area. We conclude that the CBC approach has potential to shape favorable local attitudes and that these attitudes will be mediated by some personal attributes.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 940 Serial 672
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Author Rawat, G.S.; Pandey, S.; Panwar, H.S.
Title (up) Eco-development and management needs for snow leopard conservation in Himalayan Protected Areas Type Conference Article
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 297-303
Keywords development; eco-development; management; conservation; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; park; preserve; Himalaya; Pin-valley; Himachal; herders; livestock; fire-wood; browse; eco; protected; areas; firewood; fire; 3810
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 249 Serial 809
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Author Abramov V.K.
Title (up) Ecological basis of the conservation of large predators in USSR Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol.I. Issue Pages 7-8
Keywords Ussr; large predators; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 5850; Russian
Abstract Problems of conservation of large predators (Felis tigris L., Panthera pardus L., Felis uncia Schreb., Acinonyx jubatus Schreb., Hyaena h¢…†n… L., Cuon alpinus Pall., Ursus maritimus Phipps, U.tibetanus Cuv.) inhabiting territory of USSR are discussed.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 1st International Congress on mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 564 Serial 31
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Author Oli, M.K.
Title (up) Ecology and conservation of snow leopard project Type Report
Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 6628 Issue Pages 1-9
Keywords 1990; conservation; ecology; Report; snow leopard; Wwf
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Notes WWF Project #6628: progress report 2 for the period December 1990 – March 1991. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 984 Serial 743
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Author Braden, K.E.
Title (up) Economic Development in Six Regions of Snow Leopard Habitat in the U.S.S.R Type Conference Article
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 227-246
Keywords conservation; habitat; herders; livestock; sheep; goats; argali; herder; Russia; Soviet-Union; U.S.S.R.; Ussr; ungulates; ungulate; predator; prey; economics; economic; browse; soviet; union; 1800
Abstract The Disappearance of traditional ungulate prey of the snow leopard may be contributing to its endangered status in the wild. Soviet biologists have noted that wild sheep are a primary prey of the snow leopard in the southern Russian union republic and the Central Asian union republic of the U.S.S.R. While poaching appears to have had some impact on the status of these sheep, econmic pressures may be contributing to their decrease. Evidence presented for KAzakhstan and three regions of the Russian republic demonstrates that commercial sheep and goat production appears to be growing at a very high pace in these areas, thus consumming habitat otherwise available for wild herds.
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication India Editor H.Freeman
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 107 Serial 194
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Author Ikeda, N.
Title (up) Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue Pages 322-330
Keywords herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard
Abstract It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage.
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Notes Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 906 Serial 402
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Author Gurung, C.P.
Title (up) Ecotourism: Nepal's Experience Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 170-177
Keywords tourism; ecotourism; conservation; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; Nepal; development; management; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2980
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 311 Serial 362
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