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Author |
Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A. |
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Title  |
On the multiple ocular coloboma with retinal dysplasia (MOC) in snow leopards, Pantera uncia |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
183-194 |
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Keywords |
multiple; Coloboma; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1096 |
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999 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
On the trail of the elusive snow leopard |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
World Wildlife Fund Monthly Report |
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Volume |
May |
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Pages |
127-132 |
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Keywords |
Wwf; Nepal; asia; browse; world-wildlife-fund; 3130 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 92 |
Serial |
435 |
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Author |
Khanyari, M., Robinson, S., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Morgan, E. R., Rana, R. S., Suryawanshi, K. R. |
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Title |
Pastoralism in the high Himalayas: Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice Open Access Understanding changing practices and their implications for parasite transmission between livestock and wildlife |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Springer Open |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
44 |
Pages |
1-16 |
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Keywords |
Migratory, Transhumance, Livestock, Asiatic ibex, Capra sibirica, Pasture, Rangelands, Gastro-intestinal nematodes |
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Abstract |
Rangelands are increasingly being affected by climatic variations, fragmentation and changes in livestock management practices. Along with resource competition between livestock and wildlife, disease transmission has implications for people and wildlife in these shared landscapes. We worked with two pastoral communities in the Western Indian Himalayas: the migratory Kinnauras that travel to the Trans‐Himalayan Pin valley in summer and the resident herders of Pin Valley. Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica) is the predominant wild herbivore in Pin. The pastures in Pin are grazed by both livestock (migratory and resident) and ibex, with the potential for disease transmission. We investigate the effects of herding practices on livestock health and disease transmission, while focusing on gastro‐intestinal nematodes (GINs) as they can spread by sharing pasture between wild and domestic ungulates. Surveys were carried out between June and August 2019, the period when migratory Kinnauras, local herders and Asiatic Ibex are found in Pin Valley. We found that the Kinnaura flocks share pasture with ibex during their time in Pin, exhibiting significantly higher endo‐parasite burdens than sedentary livestock, and the Kinnaura flocks are increasing in number. This suggests GIN cross‐transmission is possible, as GINs have low host specificity and a free‐living, environmental stage that is trophically acquired. As local (sedentary) sheep and goats rarely share pasture with ibex, have low endo‐parasite burdens and are few in number, they are unlikely to transmit parasites to ibex. However, increasingly large local stock numbers may be contributing to pasture degradation which could cause nutritional stress and resource competition, exacerbating GIN impacts. We also find evidence for transhumance persisting, in spite of signs of pasture degradation that are seemingly affecting livestock productivity and potentially disease transmission. It is critical that proactive measures are taken, like participatory disease management with the Kinnauras, to align livelihoods with wildlife and rangeland conservation. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1703 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
Preditors (Carnivora). The mountains of Central Asia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1938 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
233-234 |
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Keywords |
Central Asia; mountain system; fauna; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 6340; Russian |
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Abstract |
It describes fauna of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Hissar mountains of Central Asia. The mountains of Central Asia. Ibex (Capra sibirica) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia) are listed among other inhabitants of highlands in Tien Shan and Pamir Hissar. |
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1938 |
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Russian |
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Full text available in Russian Journal Title: A course of zoology. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 612 |
Serial |
181 |
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Author |
Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R.; Freeman, H.; Hillard, D. |
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Title |
Project snow leopard: a model for conserving central Asia biodiversity |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
247-252 |
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Keywords |
conservation; habitat; Himalaya; parks; reserves; park; reserve; refuge; survey; methods; Slims; education; protected-area; anthropogenic-degradation; asia; China; Bhutan; India; Pakistan; Nepal; Afghanistan; Mongolia; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Project-snow-leopard; network; preybase; Islt; Usfws; Ners; Information-Network; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; anthropogenic; degradation; soviet; union; project; snow; leopard; international snow leopard trust; information; 2660 |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 220 |
Serial |
395 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protected Areas and Snow Leopards: Their Distribution and Status |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
3-19 |
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Keywords |
Central Asia; asia; status; distribution; protected-areas; parks; refuge; reserves; browse; 1620 |
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Abstract |
Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, India |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 116 |
Serial |
348 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Tiger Paper |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-10 |
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Keywords |
Central Asia; conserve; conserving; distribution; endangered species; network; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; protected; protected-area; protected areas; snow leopard; status; protected area; protected-areas; areas; area; snow; snow leopards; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; symposium; India |
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Abstract |
Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network. |
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Notes |
Presented at 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium held in Srinagar, India, from 13-15 October 1986. Also published in conference proceedings. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 965 |
Serial |
347 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
223-239 |
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Keywords |
asia; conservation; distribution; status; habitat; predator; prey; herders; herder; livestock; management; protected- area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; gansu; Qinghai; Sichuan; India; Sikkim; Nepal; Pakistan; Ussr; Russia; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; kazakstan; Kirgizia; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 2060 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Chicago Zoological Society |
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Editor |
J.L.Fox; Du Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. Place of Meeting: Xining, Qinghai, ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 218 |
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350 |
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Author |
Dementiev G.P. |
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Title |
Quadrupeds inhabitants of the mountains |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1967 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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110-116 |
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Keywords |
asia; mountain fauna; endemics; species range; rodents; ungulates; carnivores; marmots; pikas; voles; ibex; mountain sheep; snow leopard.; 6480; Russian |
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Abstract |
All species inhabiting the highlands of Asia are normally referred to as herbivorous or predators. A majority of alpine land species (rodents and ungulates) feeds upon leaves, stalks, and roots of plants. Among widely distributed highland species the most interesting are marmots, red pica, grey vole, argali, and ibex. Argali and ibex are preyed on by snow leopards. There are reasons to believe that these mountain animal species are more ancient than their cognates in a plain. All the way from Central Asia to Europe, species belonging to the eastern and western fauna complexes are observed to interpenetrate. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In severe cold and heat. (Animal and landscape). |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 626 |
Serial |
235 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.M.; Ahlborn, G.; Gurung, M.; Ale, S. |
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Title |
Reducing livestock depredation losses in the Nepalese Himalaya |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Proc.Vertebr.Pest Conf |
Abbreviated Journal |
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17 |
Issue |
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Pages |
241-247 |
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Keywords |
damage; damage-by-wildlife; endangered; threatened species; livestock; mammals; management; predator-control; public-relations; wildlife; livestock-relationships; Nepal; asia; herders; conservation; Manang; Khangshar; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; browse; public; threatened; species; control; Relations; 700 |
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Abstract |
The authors investigated livestock depredation patterns of snow leopards on the northern slopes of the Himalayans near the villages of Manang and Khangshar, Nepal. Information is discussed on the relationships among livestock loss, endangered species management, public relations/conservation issues, and cooperative efforts among institutions involved in the decision making process. A plan is devised for alleviating livestock loss and protecting endangered species in the area. pcp |
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Full Text at URL: ADDRESS: Mountain Inst., Main & Dogwood St., Franklin, WV 26807//“Proceedings Seventeenth Vertebrate Pest Conference-March 5-7, 1996, Rohnert Park, California”; Timm, Robert M.; Crabb, A. Charles, editorsDocument Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 271 |
Serial |
480 |
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Author |
Lutz, H.; Isenbugel, E.; Lehmann, R. |
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Title |
Retrovirus serology in snow leopards and other wild felids in European zoos |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
203-208 |
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Keywords |
veterinary; medicine; retrovirus-serology; retoviruses; pathogens; leukemia; spumavirus; anemia; neoplasia; immune-suppression; gingivitus; browse; retrovirus serology; retrovirus; serology; immune suppression; immune; suppression; 3460 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 243 |
Serial |
628 |
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Author |
Suryawanshi, K. R., Khanyari, M., Sharma, K., Lkhagvajav, P., Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Sampling bias in snow leopard population estimation studies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Population Eccology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
1-9 |
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Keywords |
camera trap, Central Asia, Himalaya, meta-analysis, monitoring, Panthera uncia, population ecology |
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Abstract |
Accurate assessments of the status of threatened species and their conservation
planning require reliable estimation of their global populations and robust monitoring
of local population trends. We assessed the adequacy and suitability of studies
in reliably estimating the global snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population. We
compiled a dataset of all the peer-reviewed published literature on snow leopard
population estimation. Metadata analysis showed estimates of snow leopard density
to be a negative exponential function of area, suggesting that study areas have generally
been too small for accurate density estimation, and sampling has often been
biased towards the best habitats. Published studies are restricted to six of the
12 range countries, covering only 0.3�0.9% of the presumed global range of the
species. Re-sampling of camera trap data from a relatively large study site
(c.1684 km2) showed that small-sized study areas together with a bias towards
good quality habitats in existing studies may have overestimated densities by up to
five times. We conclude that current information is biased and inadequate for generating
a reliable global population estimate of snow leopards. To develop a rigorous
and useful baseline and to avoid pitfalls, there is an urgent need for
(a) refinement of sampling and analytical protocols for population estimation of
snow leopards (b) agreement and coordinated use of standardized sampling protocols
amongst researchers and governments across the range, and (c) sampling
larger and under-represented areas of the snow leopard's global range. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1477 |
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Author |
Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P. |
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Title |
Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1-147 |
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Keywords |
steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; asia; environment; social; development |
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Abstract |
The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection. |
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World Bank |
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Washington D.C. |
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East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department |
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English version. Mongolian language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1057 |
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1025 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Hunter, D.; Emmerich, C. |
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Title |
SLIMS: An Information Management System for Promoting the Conservation of Snow Leopards and Biodiversity in the Mountains of Central Asia |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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75-91 |
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Slims; conservation; biodiversity; asia; livestock; parks; park; protected-area; reserve; reserves; refuge; prey; habitat; distribution; status; Pakistan; Mongolia; India; China; Project-snow-leopard; survey; surveys; field; snow-line; Padu; Wwf; Macne; Merc; Gis; field-surveys; transects; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; project snow leopard; project; snow leopard; snow; leopard; snow line; world wildlife fund; field surveys; browse; 2770 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth Interantional Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 398 |
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457 |
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Author |
Namgay, K. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2007 |
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1-5 |
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2000; 30; activities; activity; asia; Bhutan; China; conservation; dates; Dorji; field; government; habitat; habitats; India; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Jigme; Jigme-Dorji; leopard; leopards; methods; national; National-park; national park; Nepal; Pakistan; park; plan; population; populations; prey; program; programs; project; region; regional; Report; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; staff; status; strategy; Support; survey; surveys; techniques; training; trust; ungulate; us; using; wild; wildlife; work; workshop; world-wildlife-fund; world wildlife fund; Wwf |
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Abstract |
Snow leopard conservation work in Bhutan dates back to 1999 and 2000 when the International Snow Leopard Trust-in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan and World Wildlife Fund-initiated a training workshop. More than 30 government staff were trained in SLIMS survey techniques. As a part of the training exercise, a preliminary survey on snow leopard was also carried out using the SLIMS methods in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park. Based on the survey results, we estimated there was a population of 100 snow leopards in the wild and 10,000 km2 of habitat. In 2005, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) organized the WWF/South Asia Regional Workshop on Snow leopard Conservation in Bhutan. Both regional (Bhutan, India, China, Nepal and Pakistan) and international experts revisited the snow leopard programs and developed a work plan for the overall conservation of the snow leopard in the region. This led to WWF's Regional Snow leopard Conservation Strategy. WWF is pleased to submit our final report to the International Snow Leopard Trust on the oneyear, $8,000 grant in support of Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan. With the support of the Snow Leopard Trust, we have made great strides towards achieving our goal for this project: To determine the current status of snow leopard and ungulate prey populations in prime snow leopard habitats. Major accomplishments and activities completed thanks to the generous support of the International Snow Leopard Trust include:
Signed of a Terms of Reference between Royal Government, International Snow Leopard
Trust – India, World Wildlife Fund and International Snow Leopard Trust -US;
Developed a joint revised project work plan; and
Purchased basic field supplies and equipment needed for the surveys planned. |
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Notes |
Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2006. Contact Thomas Dillon (202) 778-9766 phone or email Thomas.dillon@wwfus.org |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1074 |
Serial |
714 |
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Author |
Kosharev, E.P. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard and Turkestan Lynx Poaching in Central Asia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Cat News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Autumn |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
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Central Asia; poaching; Russian; snow leopard; Turkestan |
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Of the many problems facing the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after the break-up of the USSR, poaching of endandered animals is of particular concern. Everything is up for sale through the black market, networks of acquaintances, middlemen or even advertisements in the newspapers: horns, skins, mounted trophies, animal parts for traditional medicine. Interest in snow leopard and Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth), and skins and horns from mountain sheep and goats sharply increased in 1992-93, and prices grew unusually high. |
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Translated from Russian by Kathleen Braden. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 941 |
Serial |
553 |
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Author |
Vashetko E.V. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard bibliography in Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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358-383 |
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Central Asia; bibliography; snow leopard.; 8470; Russian |
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Reference List of the Snow Leopard investigation included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (355) for the period with 1851 for 2004. The most important work on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 824 |
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982 |
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Author |
Vashetko, E.; Esipov A.; Bykova, E.; Kreuzberg, E. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Bibliography. Central Asia (Abstracts) |
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Manuscript |
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2005 |
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analysis; asia; bibliography; central; Central Asia; conservation; ecology; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Islt; leopard; project; region; Russian; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; trust; work |
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Bibliography of the Snow Leopard included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (305) for the period 1873 to 2004. The most important works on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. |
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English version. Also available in Russian in the SLN bibliography. Project supported by International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), was carried out in 2004-2005. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1061 |
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983 |
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Author |
Allen, P.; Macray, D. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Enterprises Description and Summarized Business Plan |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; enterprises; buisness; plan; habitat; humans; conflict; irbis; products; wool; conservation; marketing; Mongolia; social; economic; conflicts; country; countries; socks; hats; gloves; 4890; Human; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; central; Central Asia; asia; ecosystem; region; populations; population; herders; herder; threat; potential; impact; environment; Elements; landscape; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; snow-leopard-enterprises |
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The habitat for both humans and snow leopards in Central Asia is marginal, the ecosystem fragile. The struggle for humans to survive has often, unfortunately, brought them into conflict with the region's dwindling snow leopard populations. Herders commonly see leopards as a threat to their way of life and well-being. Efforts to improve the living conditions of humans must consider potential impacts on the environment. Likewise, conservation initiatives cannot ignore humans as elements of the landscape with a right to live with dignity and pride. Based on these principles, the International Snow Leopard Trust has developed a new conservation model that addresses the needs of all concerned.
We call it Snow Leopard Enterprises.. |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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English |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 475 |
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68 |
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Riddell, Mand L.G. |
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Snow Leopard Expedition Kazakhstan 2004 |
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2004 |
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Kazakhstan; snow leopard; expedition; Central Asia; ecotourism; map; 5730 |
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This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions. The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing. The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards. The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snowleopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990's over-hunting period. Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people's incentives to lower hunting levels. This report makes the following main recommendations:
ÿStrengthening law enforcement capacity
ÿIncreasing the number of ecological rangers
ÿIncreasing incentives of ecological rangers to prevent poaching
ÿEquipping the ecological rangers more sufficiently
ÿMore effective communication between ranger and National Park administrative regions
ÿThe involvement of all stakeholders in wildlife conservation including military officials and local herders
ÿWhistle blower policies to prevent illegal trade in all animals in the region
ÿMore geographic consistency between present and proposed protected areas in the region
Accurate snow leopard monitoring to build on valuable information previously collected in Kazakhstan
Provision of local incentives (ecotourism and community based hunting reserves) to reduce local hunting and local unemployment around the mountains
Increased interest and technical assistance in Kazakhstan from conservation International Non-Governmental Organizations
More government fund for the Institute of Zoology
Stronger cross border (Kazakhstan-China) legislation implementation Further research could involve establishing an annual, standardized, snow leopard
survey in the range, or could compare these findings of threats to snow leopards to other regions in Kazakhstan (eg. The Altai) or Central Asia.
This report has been replicated for all the expedition sponsors, put on the internet, and
distributed among contacts in the snow leopard conservation community.
The expedition team also spent some time exploring and photographing some of the remoter valleys around the study pastures, and made a short video of the teams exploits. Links were made between KIMEP University in Almaty, and Newcastle University, registered a research centre with the Royal Geographical Society, and lectured about the Dzhungarian range and snow leopard conservation at; the Royal Geographical Society, Newcastle University, Royal Zoological Society for Scotland(Edinburgh Zoo), and Wilderness Lecturers (Bristol). |
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SLN @ rana @ 283 |
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816 |
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Author |
Scheber |
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Title |
Snow Leopard in the south part of Gobi-Altai mountain range |
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Miscellaneous |
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1975 |
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Mongolia; asia; snow-leopard; herders; livestock; predators; prey; gobi; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 960 |
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Accorfing to the information from Gurvan its rumored that the snow leopards grow in number and many times they attacked the livestock entering into the domestic area causing damage, we investigated theGurvan Tes sumon of Umnogobi aimag and also Noyon sumon todisplay the reserve review and spreading area of snow leopard from 22 of December of 1975 to 10th of January of 1976. |
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The Snow Leopard Trust has a hand copied form of this document translated from Russian, |
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SLN @ rana @ 28 |
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872 |
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Author |
Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia |
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1971 |
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Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. |
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234-235 |
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Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian |
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Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 844 |
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1069 |
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Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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Snow leopards (Panthera- uncia) in Nepal – home range and movements |
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1989 |
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National Geographic Research |
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5 |
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2 |
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161-175 |
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Nepal; asia; home-range; movements; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; home; range; home range; panthera; panthera uncia; uncia; 840 |
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Addresses:JACKSON R, CALIF INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,SNOW LEOPARD PROJECT,910 K ST,DAVIS,CA 95616 Publisher:NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC, WASHINGTON Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 128 |
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441 |
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Limbu, R. |
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Title |
Snow Leopards could save Mountain Biodiversity |
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1999 |
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3 |
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Nepal; asia; poaching; herder; livestock; fur; fur-coats; medicine; herders; bone; bones; browse; fur coats; coat; 1060 |
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The woman in the picture is wrapped in a luxurious fur coat and hat. The distinctly spotted pelt is that of a snow leopard -- that elusive and endangered species found in the mountains of central and south Asia. “A coat like that would probably cost $60,000-$80,000 in a big shop,” said Dr Rodney Jackson at a presentation he made recently on the status of his favorite subject. “Fortunately, changing norms of the fashion world and increasing consumer awareness (mean that) fewer people are wearing snow leopard pelts,” noted Dr Jackson, Conservation Director of the International Snow Leopard Trust. Still, the threat of extinction persists, he warns. “The demand for fur may have gone down but the demand for bones and body parts as marketable items for use in traditional Chinese medicine has gone up.” Further, conflict with humans is rapidly becoming the single most important issue, he said. |
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Journal Title: Inter Press Service |
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SLN @ rana @ 370 |
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620 |
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Jiang, Z. |
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Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China |
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2005 |
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1-8 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation |
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From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the
snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1068 |
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493 |
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