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	Author	Ishunin G.I.
	Title	Snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1980	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	26-27
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Red Data book; snow leopard; distribution; preys; biology; use.; 6920; Russian
	Abstract	In Uzbekistan, snow leopard is preserved along the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Tirkestan, and Hissar ridges. Ibex is a main prey of the predator. It also preys on argali, wild boar, hares, roe-deers, rodents, kekliks (partridge), and rarely livestock. Catching the animals in the country is limited and exercised under special permissions.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Wild animals of Uzbekistan included in the Red Data Book of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 670			Serial	416
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	Author	Aizin B.M.
	Title	Snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1985	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	22-23
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; biology; number; fluctuation; protection.; 5930; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a rare and endangered species, distributed in all mountain ridges of Kyrgyzstan. Its population is 1,400 animals, density being 0.2 0.5 animal per 1,000 ha. Its population was noticed to decrease in some ridges because of decreasing populations of mountain ungulates. 200 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export over the last 20 years. This species is protected in the nature reserves Sary Chelek, Besh Aral, and natural park Ala Archa.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kyrgyz SSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 572			Serial	47
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	Author	Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.; Collins, D.; Burton, M.; Garell, D.M.
	Title	Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa are sensitive to alkaline pH, but motility in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy supplements			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of Andrology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	558-566
	Keywords	Felid,comparative biology,sperm culture medium,sperm function,capacitation,sodium bicarbonate.
	Abstract	To better understand the biology of snow leopard spermatozoa and to facilitate developing assisted reproduction, a series of studies was conducted to: 1) identify the component(s) of complex culture media responsible for the detrimental effect on sperm survival in vitro, 2) optimize medium for supporting sperm viability, and 3) evaluate sperm capacitation in vitro. Constituents of complex media were added systematically to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to isolate the factor(s) influencing snow leopard sperm motility in vitro. Sperm capacitation was also assessed following incubation in PBS with bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal calf serum (FCS), or heparin. For maintaining sperm motility, there was no benefit (P ? 0.05) to supplementing PBS with low (5%) or high (20%) concentrations of snow leopard serum (SLS) versus FCS or BSA. Likewise, adding supplemental energy substrates (pyruvate, glucose, lactate, or glutamine) did not enhance or hinder (P ? 0.05) sperm motility. However, motility rapidly decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of NaHCO3 to PBS or Ham's F10 nutrient mixture. Surprisingly, Ham's F10 with no buffering component or with both NaHCO3 and N-Z-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2- ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) maintained sperm motility at levels similar (P ? 0.05) to PBS. Although sperm motility in all treatments decreased with time, there was a strong inverse relationship (P < 0.01; r = 0.90) between motility and sample pH at 6 hours. Spermatozoa incubated in PBS containing FCS, BSA, or heparin did not undergo the acrosome reaction when exposed to calcium ionophore. In summary, alkaline pH has a profound detrimental effect on snow leopard sperm motility, and capacitation does not occur under conditions that normally promote this event in other felid species. These results clearly demonstrate a high degree of interspecific variation among felids in fundamental sperm function, and they provide evidence for the necessity of basic research when developing assisted reproduction in little-studied nondomestic species.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 897			Serial	831
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	Author	Grachev Yu.A.
	Title	Snow leopard Uncia uncia Sch. 1775			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1991	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 1. Animals.	Issue		Pages	73-75
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Red Data boo; category of threat; distribution; number; biology; threats; conservation measures.; 6800; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a rare species with shrinking habitat and decreasing population (category III). It is distributed in Tien Shan (the ridges of Karjantau, Ugam, Talas, Kyrgyz, Zailiyskiy, Kunghey, Terskey, Ketmen), Djungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur, and South Altai. This species has disappeared in the Syrdarya Karatau and the mountains of North Tien Shan. Its total number in Kazakhstan is estimated to be 180-200 animals. The threats are reduction of mountain ungulates and poaching. Snow leopard is protected in the Aksu-Djabagly, Alma-Ata, and Markakol nature reserves and the Alma-Ata, Lepsin, and Tokhta sanctuaries. The Djungar nature reserve needs to be established.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kazakh SSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 658			Serial	342
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	Author	Poyarkov, A.D.
	Title	Some Aspects of Snow Leopard Research Methodology			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; biology; population; probability; presence; study; Slims; indices; research; 5030
	Abstract	This report analyses some methodological aspects of snow leopard studies, primarily, on the basis of Russian scientific sources.
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	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Islt	Editor
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	Notes	Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 489			Serial	787
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	Author	Chapron, G.; Legendre, S.
	Title	Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910
	Abstract	Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics.
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	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
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	Notes	Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 477			Serial	213
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	Author	Jackson, R.
	Title	SSC Plan for Snow Leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard
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	Notes	Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 201			Serial	450
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	Author	Aromov B.
	Title	The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Hissar Nature Reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	108-109
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; diet; breeding.; 6070; Russian; work; Data; biology; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; nature; reserve; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; times; tracks; pugmarks; Feed; ibex; kills; kill; Age; records; predation; Case; horses; horse; marmot; Himalayan; domestic; goat; wild; wild boar; sheep; Cattle; attack
	Abstract	The work contains data on biology snow leopard in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. The number of snow leopards in this reserve has increased from two or four in 1981 to between 13 and 17 individuals in 1994. Since 1981, snow leopards have been sighted 72 times and their tracks or pugmarks 223 times. In the Hissar Nature Reserve snow leopards largely feed on ibex. Over a period of 14 years, 92 kills and remains of ibex aged from one to thirteen years of age have been examined. Other records of predation, by the number of events observed, include 33 cases of juvenile and mature horses, 25 long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata). 18 Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayemis), 17 domestic goat, 13 wild boar (Sus scrofa), five domestic sheep and three incidents involving cattle. Twenty-two attacks on domestic flocks were reported, and these occurred during both the daytime and at night. Snow leopards usually mate between the 20th of February and March 20th. The offspring are born in late April to May, and there are usually two per litter (23 encounters), although a single litter of three has also been recorded.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 586			Serial	99
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	Author	Kreuzberg-Mukhina E.A.
	Title	The Endangered species and Snow Leopard Conservation problems. Schoolbook			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	27
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; biology; distribution; number; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 7460; Russian
	Abstract	The manual contains the information on snow leopard species listed in Red Data book of Uzbekistan. The data on its biology, distribution and number in republic and within the world is given. Snow leopard conservation problems are considered.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 724			Serial	591
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	Author	Bowling, B.
	Title	The Legal Status of Snow Leopards in Afghanistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	legal; snow leopard; Afghanistan; Cities; Cbd; Convention on Biological Diversity; 5740
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	Publisher	United Nations Environment Programme	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 502			Serial	188
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