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Author Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association url 
  Title (down) Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 Type Manuscript
  Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology  
  Abstract In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism,

zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as

reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial

operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd,

Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from

September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made

the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that

administrative units have been increased and territories of

administrative units have been diminished. There have been four

provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation

limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than

ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert.

Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of

species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in

banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum,

Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing

in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently

necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures

into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across

hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression.

Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national

cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's

Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of

cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of

Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify

popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of

agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central

Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December

16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of

1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 %

of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals

amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total

animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article

mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in

Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such

number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into

five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult

animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally

in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food

of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main

nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the

soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of

secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of

ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt

one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for

domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big

game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and

hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting.

Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give

prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly

it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15

USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially

picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow

leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack

domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of

ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting

wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't

consider it had been right since it was natural event. However

population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought

and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has

never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million

heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in

its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of

domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild

animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards

correctly with low costs.
 
  Address  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1100 Serial 705  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Smith, G. url 
  Title (down) Mongolia at the crossroads Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Earth Island Journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 1  
  Keywords Mongolia; hunting; poaching; economy; snow-leopard; ibex; Argal; protection; conservation; snow leopard; browse; 1170  
  Abstract Abstract: Assesses foreign investment laws adopted by the government of Mongolia which have been deemed extremely flexible and favorable for Americans. Economic benefits presented by the big game hunt industry; Consultation with Secretary of State James Baker in the formulation of said laws during his July The Mongolian government is trying its best to make the country attractive to foreign investors. Big game hunts are still Mongolia's primary source of foreign cash. European and American hunters are willing to pay as much as $90,000 for rare game such as the ibex or the snow leopard. However, a recent US Fish and Wildlife Service ruling giving protection to the Argal, a wild sheep, could mean the cutting of cash inflows from foreign hunters.  
  Address  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 189 Serial 903  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Espinosa-Aviles, D.; Taylor, M.L.; Del Rocio Reyes-Montes, M.; Pe'rez-Torrez, A. url 
  Title (down) Molecular findings of disseminated histoplasmosis in two captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 39 Issue Pages 450-454  
  Keywords captive; histoplasmosis; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular; snow leopard; Uncia uncia  
  Abstract This paper reports two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Histoplasmosis was diagnosed based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular findings.  
  Address  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 907 Serial 268  
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Author Kolbintsev V.G. url 
  Title (down) Modern status of endangered vertebrates in Aksu Jabagly nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol.8. Issue Pages 139-140  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; endangered vertebrates; number; snow leopard.; 7180; Russian  
  Abstract Data on number of several endangered vertebrates inhabiting in Aksu Jabagly nature reserve in 1990-2000 are given. Number of snow leopard is rather stable and evaluated as 2-3 pairs.  
  Address  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of W Tien Shan (Kazakhstan). Proceedings of Aksu Jabagly State nature reserve. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 696 Serial 544  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Chernogaev E.A. url 
  Title (down) Modern condition and number of animals in nature reserves of Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 1. Issue Pages 23-34  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; nature reserves; modern condition; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 6440; Russian  
  Abstract There is adducing information about number and modern condition of C.ferox, G.barbatus, A.chrisa‰tus, M.menzbieri, U.arctosisabellinus, L.lutra seistanica, H.hiena, F.lynx isabellina, U.uncia, C.elaphus bactrianus, G.subgutturoza, C.falconeri, O. ammon severtzovi, O. orientalis bochariensis and other species during last years in Chatkal, Nuratau, Hissar, Surkhan and Kyzylkum nature reserves. There is prognosis in changing of number.  
  Address  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of nature protected areas of Uzbekistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 622 Serial 217  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author url 
  Title (down) Miraki Reservation, Chatkal Reservation Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 9-11  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; Miraki nature reserve; landscapes; flora; fauna; natural monuments; snow leopard.; 7670; Russian  
  Abstract It describes history of the Miraki and Chatkal nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning area, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna as well as natural monuments.  
  Address  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Uzbekistan's Reservations and Natural Monuments. XIV General Assembly of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 745 Serial 13  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bykova E.A. url 
  Title (down) Method of questionnaire design used for the collecting of primary data on threatened species with the example of snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 208-214  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; questionnaire based method; distribution; number; food; behavior; poaching; snow leopard.; 6410; Russian  
  Abstract Method of questionnaire design is used for long time successfully in the various fields of zoological research. This method is most significant for the collecting of data on threatened species. It can be applied together with standard inquest and survey methods without taking remarkable financial and temporal expenses. Such data can be assigned as the base for further planning of scientific investigations of the threatened species. In the result of survey, there were gathered 96 records of Snow Leopard and its tracks of the vital functions on Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkestan and Hissar ridges. Majority of records was made on Hissar ridge either on the area of Hissar reserve, either outside of protected area. There was collected data on distribution of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan, on its territorial and food behavior, cases and causes of poaching. As a conclusion, it seems to be rational to use the method of questionnaire design among rangers of protected areas and local inhabitants for the collecting of primary information on threatened animal species. It would be optimal to gather such data every 3-4 years that would allow receiving the fresh comparable year-by-year information. Interpretation of questionnaire data should be made with certain prudence, taking into account subjectivity of collected information. Therefore during gathering of questionnaire data it is desirable personal attendance of researcher for more accurate definition of answers on the presented questions.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 619 Serial 205  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Atzeni, L., Cushman, S. A., Bai, D., Wang, J., Chen, P., Shi, K., Riordan, P. url 
  Title (down) Meta-replication, sampling bias, and multi-scale model selection: A case study on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in western China. Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-27  
  Keywords MaxEnt, meta-replication, multi-scale, Panthera uncia, sampling bias, scale selection, snow leopard, species distribution model  
  Abstract Replicated multiple scale species distribution models (SDMs)

have become increasingly important to identify the correct variables

determining species distribution and their influences on ecological

responses. This study explores multi-scale habitat relationships of the

snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in two study areas on the Qinghai–Tibetan

Plateau of western China. Our primary objectives were to evaluate the

degree to which snow leopard habitat relationships, expressed by

predictors, scales of response, and magnitude of effects, were

consistent across study areas or locally landcape-specific. We coupled

univariate scale optimization and the maximum entropy algorithm to

produce multivariate SDMs, inferring the relative suitability for the

species by ensembling top performing models. We optimized the SDMs based

on average omission rate across the top models and ensembles’ overlap

with a simulated reference model. Comparison of SDMs in the two study

areas highlighted landscape-specific responses to limiting factors.

These were dependent on the effects of the hydrological network,

anthropogenic features, topographic complexity, and the heterogeneity of

the landcover patch mosaic. Overall, even accounting for specific local

differences, we found general landscape attributes associated with snow

leopard ecological requirements, consisting of a positive association

with uplands and ridges, aggregated low-contrast landscapes, and large

extents of grassy and herbaceous vegetation. As a means to evaluate the

performance of two bias correction methods, we explored their effects on

three datasets showing a range of bias intensities. The performance of

corrections depends on the bias intensity; however, density kernels

offered a reliable correction strategy under all circumstances. This

study reveals the multi-scale response of snow leopards to environmental

attributes and confirms the role of meta-replicated study designs for

the identification of spatially varying limiting factors. Furthermore,

this study makes important contributions to the ongoing discussion about

the best approaches for sampling bias correction.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1616  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Plakhov K.N. url 
  Title (down) Menzbier's marmot in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 106-109  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Menzbier's marmot; predators; snow leopard.; 7900; Russian  
  Abstract Menzbier's marmot is preyed on by snow leopard, bear, wolf, fox, bearded vulture, golden eagle, black vulture, and raven. A harm caused by the predators to the Kazakhstan population of marmot made up 2,000 3,000 in 2001.  
  Address  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 768 Serial 774  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kaletskiy A.A. url 
  Title (down) May-“traven” Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 60-75  
  Keywords Ussr; flora; fauna; snow leopard; use.; 7040; Russian  
  Abstract Diverse flora and fauna and seasonal phenomena in nature are stated in a popular form. Snow leopard is noticed to be a rare species, its population being significantly influenced by catching for zoos: over 400 snow leopards have been caught for this purpose over the last 35 years.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Kaleidoscope of naturalist. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 682 Serial 511  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author O'Connor, T.; Freeman, H. url 
  Title (down) Maternal behavior and behavioral development in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 103-110  
  Keywords behavior; captive; development; International; Panthera-uncia; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1035 Serial 733  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Chernogaev E.A. url 
  Title (down) Materials on rare and protected species of the Kyzylsu nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 39-40  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Kyzylsu nature reserve; rare species; birds; mammals; snow leopard; poaching; human influence.; 6430; Russian  
  Abstract This survey was being done (May, 1975 February, 1976) in the new Kyzylsu nature reserve, established in 1975. Before 1975, the anthropogenic pressure was mainly represented by overgrazing and unregulated hunting. Provided are data on bird species (bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture, griffon vulture, golden eagle, and Himalayan snow cock), mammal species (long-tailed marmot, Indian porcupine, brown bear, lynx, snow leopard, and Siberian ibex).  
  Address  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 621 Serial 216  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kuznetzov B.A. url 
  Title (down) Materials on mammal fauna in Central Asia. Central Asian mountainous province Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1963 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 116-121  
  Keywords Central Asia; mountains; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 7520; Russian  
  Abstract It provides a list of mammals of Central Asia (species and sub-species) indicating their main habitats, and undertakes an attempt to zone fauna of Central Asia based on data collected by the world science community concerning distribution of various mammal species over the country. Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schr. was indicated to inhabit the mountains of Central Asia.  
  Address  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology, biogeography, and taxonomy of mammals in the USSR. Proceeding of MOIP. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 730 Serial 604  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Allayarov A.M. url 
  Title (down) Materials on geographical distribution of wild cats in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1963 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 15-16  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Felidae; distribution; habitats; snow leopard.; 5980; Russian  
  Abstract It describes the distribution and habitats of eight Felidae species in Uzbekistan, such as snow leopard, leopard, lynx, caracal, chaus, manul, sand cat, and steppe cat.  
  Address  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of third all-Union meeting on zoogeography of land. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 577 Serial 64  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Aromov B. url 
  Title (down) Materials on background animals of the Kyzylsu nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 9-10  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar ridge; Kyzylsu nature reserve; mammals; rare species; snow leopard; game species; habitats; species number.; 6060; Russian  
  Abstract Given are data concerning mammals in the Kyzylsu mountain juniperous nature reserve (north-west extremities of the Hissar ridge) in Uzbekistan 1979 through 1981. It describes habitats and provides data on rare and endangered species populations such as Tien-Shan brown bear, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, Central Asian otter, golden eagle, bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture; and game species such as long-tailed marmot, porcupine, badger, Siberian ibex, Himalayan snow-cock, chukar, etc.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and reproduction of fauna. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 585 Serial 98  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vashetko E.V. url 
  Title (down) Materials for studying fauna of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting Hissar Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 33-34  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; geographical zone; cadastre; fauna; distribution; snow leopard.; 8450  
  Abstract A vertebrate fauna inventory in the Hissar nature reserve showed that various natural zones here are certainly inhabited by 45 species: amphibians one species; reptiles 12; mammals 32. Reptiles such as Alai snake-eyed skink and Central Asian viper and mammal species such as wolf, fox, brown bear, weasel, grey hamster can be found in all natural zones here up to 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, and long-tailed marmot can be found in the juniperous forests and higher elevations.  
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  Notes Journal Title: Behavioral ecology (Animals and soil ecology). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 822 Serial 980  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bircher, P. url 
  Title (down) Marwell Pres. Trust Annual Report 1979: Curator's Report Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1980 Publication Marwell Pres. Trust Annual Report Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 5-6  
  Keywords snow leopard, captive  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1206  
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Author Ming, M.; Munkhtsog, B.; Xu, F.; Turghan, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Wei, S.-D. url 
  Title (down) Markings as Indicator of Snow Leopard in Field Survey, in Xinjiang Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2005 Publication Chinese Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 34-39  
  Keywords markings; marking; snow leopard; leopard; field survey; Xinjiang; Chinese; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; China; Tianshan Mountains; conservation; field work; length; snow leopards; snow-leopards; density; densities; pug; pug marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; feces; scent; spray; Hair; fur; prey; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; distribution; region; relative abundance; abundance; study; areas; knowledge; potential; conservation problems; Human; attitudes; attitude; 200  
  Abstract The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) was a very rare species in China. The survey on the markings of Snow Leopard in Ahay and Tianshan Mountains is the major activity of the Project of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang, supported by International Snow Leopard Trust(ISLT)and Xinjiang Conservation Fund(XCF). During the field work from Sep to Nov 2004 the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group(XSLG) set 67 transects of a total length of 47 776 m with mean transect length is 7 1 3 m at 9 locations.Total of 1 l 8 markings of Snow Leopards were found in 27 transects the mean density is 247km. The markings of Snow Leopard included the pug marks or footprints, scrapes, feces, bloodstain, scent spray, urine, hair or fur, claw rake, remains of prey corpse, sleep site, roar and others. From the quantity and locations of marks the XSLG got the information on habitat selection distribution region and relative abundance of the Snow Leopard in the study areas. The survey also provided knowledge on distribution and abundance of major prey potential conservation problems and human attitudes to Snow Leopards by taking 200 questionnaires in the study areas.  
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  Notes Full text available in Chinese Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 875 Serial 681  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kovalev A.K. url 
  Title (down) Markhor in the Ramit nature reserve, Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol.3. Issue Pages 247-248  
  Keywords Tajikistan; Khazratishok ridge; Darvaza ridge; markhor; number; nature conservation; zakaznik; Ramit nature reserve; captive breeding; prey species; snow leopard.; 7320; Russian  
  Abstract The marchor habitat in Tajikistan is fragmented. The animals are reproduced in enclosures of the Ramit nature reserve and released into wildlife in Khel canyon. Two females were killed by snow leopard.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR present and future. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 710 Serial 577  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Khan, J. url 
  Title (down) Markets for Snow Leopards: Enviropreneur Snapshots Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication PERC Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 1-1  
  Keywords conservation; economic; incentives; income; protection; snow leopard; sustainable; wildlife  
  Abstract Over the years, many conservation actions and practices to protect the snow leopard have been tried and tested. Those that have been successful and sustainable are programs that link economics with conservation. Some of these practices may not be appreciated by traditional conservationists, but no one can refute the success of these actions. The saying, “when it pays, it stays,” rings true with snow leopard conservation. Locals have realized that their income and prosperity are linked with the protection of wildlife. For conservation efforts to be effective, it is crucial to involve people who share the snow leopard's mountain environment and provide them with economic incentives for

enhancing and protecting the habitat.
 
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  Notes Online publication: http://www.perc.org/articles/article1104.php Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 909 Serial 532  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Maming, R. url 
  Title (down) Market prices for the tissues and organs of snow leopards in China Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Selevinia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 20 Pages 119-122  
  Keywords trade; cases; products; prices; bazaars; snow leopards; extinction; Xinjiang  
  Abstract The population of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is plummeting as waterfall in

the last ten years. The illegal trade of snow leopard products is one of the fatal

factors. The biggest range and the biggest population of snow leopard both are in

China, and the largest trade is also in the country. Through questionnaires and

investigation with informants from 2002 to 2012, a lot of data were collected

through variety ways in different regions. In this paper 387 cases of snow leopard

poaching including smuggling routes, product list, price system and product usages

from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected for analysis and discussion. In

the face of rapid development in the west of China, the results showed that our

government did not try to protect the snow leopards, and the text of law was

practically useless. International organizations such as WWF, WCS, IUCN, PANTHERA,

SLT & SLN with SLSS were also powerless and helpless to stop snow leopard poaching

and trading. As a result, the fate of the snow leopard is very bad, and this is

worrying.
 
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1395  
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Author Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. url 
  Title (down) Managing conflicts over livestock depradation by Large Carnivores Type Book Chapter
  Year 2014 Publication SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION – Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Mountains of SAARC Region – Compilation of Successful Management Strategies and Practices Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 27-47  
  Keywords Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, Himalayas, Central Asia  
  Abstract Managing wildlife-caused damage to human interests has become an important aspect of contemporary conservation management. Conflicts between pastoralism and carnivore conservation over livestock depredation pose a serious challenge to endangered carnivores worldwide, and have become an important livelihood concern locally. Here, we first review the primary causes of these conflicts, their socio-ecological correlates, and commonly employed mitigation measures. We then describe a community-based program to manage conflicts over livestock depredation by snow leopards Panthera uncia and wolves Canis lupus. A threats-based conceptual model of conflict management is presented. Conflicts over livestock depredation are characterized by complex, multi-scale interactions between carnivore and livestock behavioral ecology, animal husbandry, human psyche, culture, world-views, and socio-economic and education levels of affected peoples. A diversity of commonly employed conflict-mitigation measures is available. They aim at (i) reducing livestock depredation through better livestock herding, use of physical, chemical or psychological barriers, removal of carnivores, and use of livestock guard animals, (ii) offsetting economic losses through damage compensation and insurance programmes, and (iii) increasing peoples’ tolerance of carnivores through indirect approaches such as conservation education and economic incentives. For effective management, conflicts need to be understood along two important dimensions, viz., the reality of damage caused to humans, and the psyche and perceptions of humans who suffer wildlife caused damage. The efficacy of commonly used mitigation measures is variable. A combination of measures that reduce the level of livestock depredation, share or offset economic losses, and improve the social carrying capacity for carnivores will be more effective in managing conflicts than standalone measures  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1424  
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Author Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W.   
  Title (down) Man & the Biosphere: The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China Type Journal
  Year 2008 Publication Man & the Biosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 1-80  
  Keywords conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; China; Chinese; national; 80; 200; endangered; McCarthy; awareness; action; surveys; survey; Tomur; mountain; Kunlun; mountains; Xinjiang; ecology; enterprises; Mongolia; Bayarjargal; 180; flagship-species; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; photography; Tianshan Mountains; attack; livestock; home; plateau; 30; snow-leopard-enterprises; 7080  
  Abstract The Chinese magazine <Man & the Biosphere> (Series No. 54, No. 6, 2008) -- A special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards was published by the Chinese National Committee for Man & the Biosphere in 15th December 2008. It is about 80 pages including ten articles with 200 color pictures. The special editors of this issue are the experts from SLT/XCF Prof. MaMing, Mrs. Ge Yun and Mr. Wen Bo. The first paper is “A King of Snow Peaks, Another Endangered Flagship Species” by Dr. Thomas McCarthy, Dr. Urs Breitenmmoser and Dr. Christine Breitenmoser-Wursten (Page 1-1). Another paper “ Conservation : Turning Awareness to Action ” is also from Dr. Thomas McCarthy (Pages from 6-17). There are four articles including the diary and story of the Surveys in Tomur Mountain and Kunlun Mountains written by Prof. MaMing, Mr. XuFeng, Miss Chen Ying and Miss Cheng Yun from the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group and XCF, the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The last is “Snow Leopard Enterprises ” -- A Story from Mongolia by Mrs. Jennifer Snell Rullman and Mrs. Agvaantseren Bayarjargal (Bayara). It is a very useful copy for the conservation in China. Cited as:

Ma Ming, GeYun and WenBo (Special editors of this issue). 2008. The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China. Man & the Biosphere 2008(6): 1-80. Contents 1, A king of snow peaks, another endangered flagship species (Synopsis) ------------- 1-1 The contents --------------------------------------------- ( pages from 2-3 )

2, Protecting Snow Leopard means protecting a healthy eco-systems -------------- 4-5

3, Conservation: Turning awareness into action -------------- 6-17

4, Chinese Snow Leopard Team goes into action -------------- 18-25

5, A diary of infrared photography -------------- 26-35

6, Why have the snow leopards in the Tianshan Mountains begun to attack livestock? --- 36-43

7, The mystery of the Snow Leopards coming down the Tianshan Mountains ----------- 44-45

8, Snow leopards secluded Home on the Plateau ------------- 46-59

9, He saw Snow Leopards 30 years ago ------------- 60-69

10, Snow Leopard Enterprises -- A story from Mongolia ------------- 70-80
 
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  Notes Articles are posted individually in the bibliography. Please look up articles by author. In Chinese. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 977 Serial 684  
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Author Bannikov, A.   
  Title (down) Mammals of the Mongolian People's Republic Type Book Whole
  Year 1954 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Mongolia; snow-leopard; browse; 2680; Russian  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Academy of Sciences Place of Publication Moscow Editor  
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  Notes Russian Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 15 Serial 116  
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Author Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Datta, A. url 
  Title (down) Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2006 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-7  
  Keywords anthropogenic; area; Arunachal; assessment; awareness; bharal; biodiversity; carnivore; carnivores; community; community-based; conservation; deer; depredation; dhole; endangered; extinct; fauna; goral; grazing; habitat; habitats; High; Himalaya; hunting; incentives; India; indian; Iucn; leopard; livestock; livestock-depredation; livestock depredation; local; mammals; musk; musk-deer; nayaur; panthera; people; peoples; plant; plants; potential; Pseudois; Pseudois-nayaur; pseudois nayaur; range; recent; region; Report; reserve; resource; schools; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; survey; surveys; threat; threatened; threats; tiger; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; ungulate; ungulates; valley; wildlife; work; Panthera-tigris; tigris  
  Abstract The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh,India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 861 Serial 697  
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