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Author Chetri, M, Odden, M., Sharma, K., Flagstad, O., Wegge, P url 
  Title (up) Estimating snow leopard density using fecal DNA in a large landscape in north-central Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Global Ecology and Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 17 Pages 1-8  
  Keywords Panthera uncia, Density, Annapurna-Manaslu landscape, Noninvasive, Spatial scale  
  Abstract Although abundance estimates have a strong bearing on the conservation status of a

species, less than 2% of the global snow leopard distribution range has been sampled

systematically, mostly in small survey areas. In order to estimate snow leopard density

across a large landscape, we collected 347 putative snow leopard scats from 246 transects

(490 km) in twenty-six 5  5km sized sampling grid cells within 4393 km2 in Annapurna-

Manaslu, Nepal. From 182 confirmed snow leopard scats, 81 were identified as belonging

to 34 individuals; the remaining were discarded for their low (<0.625) quality index. Using

maximum likelihood based spatial capture recapture analysis, we developed candidate

model sets to test effects of various covariates on density and detection of scats on transects.

The best models described the variation in density as a quadratic function of

elevation and detection as a linear function of topography. The average density estimate of

snow leopards for the area of interest within Nepal was 0.95 (SE 0.19) animals per 100 km2

(0.66e1.41 95% CL) with predicted densities varying between 0.1 and 1.9 in different parts,

thus highlighting the heterogeneity in densities as a function of habitat types. Our density

estimate was low compared to previous estimates from smaller study areas. Probably,

estimates from some of these areas were inflated due to locally high abundances in overlap

zones (hotspots) of neighboring individuals, whose territories probably range far beyond

study area borders. Our results highlight the need for a large-scale approach in snow

leopard monitoring, and we recommend that methodological problems related to spatial

scale are taken into account in future snow leopard research.
 
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1478  
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Author Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. url 
  Title (up) Estimating Snow Leopard Population Abundance Using Photography and Capture-Recapture Techniques Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2006 Publication Wildlife Society Bulletin Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 772-781  
  Keywords abundance; camera trapping; capture rates; dentistry; identification; India; photography; snow leopard; Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncial) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16-30 kmý sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patters located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE+0.22) individuals per 100 kmý in 2003 to 4.45 (SE+0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 912 Serial 476  
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Author Namgail, T. url 
  Title (up) Eurasian lynx in Ladakh Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue Pages 21-22  
  Keywords Eurasian lynx, Lynx l. isabellina  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Spring issue Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1314  
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Author Jalanka, H.H. url 
  Title (up) Evaluation and comparison of 2 ketamine-based immobilization techniques in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 163-169  
  Keywords ketamine; immobilization; capture; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medicine; medical; browse; 1530  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Addresses:JALANKA HH, HELSINKI ZOO,SF-00570 HELSINKI,FINLAND Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 148 Serial 485  
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Author Dustov J. url 
  Title (up) Evaluation of current status of large mammals in the Chatkal nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 89-92  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6510; Russian  
  Abstract The counts of species populations such as Menzbier's marmot, roe-deer, ibex, wild boar, wolf, Tien Shan brown bear, and snow leopard has been made on permanent transects in the Chatkal reserve for 18 years. Data on of the population numbers is provided. 11 encounters with snow leopard were registered during a period of 1975 through 1979. Two encounters were recorded in 2000.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan: protection and sustainable use. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 629 Serial 247  
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.; Samoylova, G.S.; Subbotin, A.E. url 
  Title (up) Evaluation of Potential Habitats of Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia, Schreb.) In Altay-Khangay-Sayan Region and in Territory of Russian Federation: GIS Approach Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords snow; leopard; uncia; habitat; Forest; desert; tundra; territory; landscape; steppe; alpine; gorge; valley; land; use; region; potential; area; 5040  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle, WA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 490 Serial 788  
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Author Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. url 
  Title (up) Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 66-74  
  Keywords India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 307 Serial 308  
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Author Koshkarev, E. url 
  Title (up) Evaluation of the presence of snow leopard and ibex in Southern Siberia Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 17-27  
  Keywords status; distribution; siberia; predator; prey; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; ibex; Sayan; Altai; Altay; Kazakhstan; fossil; ice-age; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; kazakstan; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; ice age; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2860  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle/USA Editor J.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 222 Serial 561  
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Author De Groot, H.; Van Swieten, P.; Aalberse, R.C. url 
  Title (up) Evidence for a Fel d I-like molecule in the “big cats” (Felidae species) Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication J Allergy Clin Immunol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 107-116  
  Keywords Adolescence; Adult; Allergens; immunology; Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; diagnostic; use; Antibody; Specificity; Carnivora; Cats; Comparative; study; Cross; Reactions; Hair; Histamine; Release; Human; IgE; analysis; IgG; Middle; Age; Radioallergosorbent; Test; methods; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; us; government; gov't; 240  
  Abstract In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, Fel d I. We studied the IgE and IgG4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against Fel d I-like structures in eight members of the Felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. Hair from these “big cats” was collected, extracted, and used in a RAST system and histamine-release test. By means of a RAST-inhibition assay with affinity-purified Fel d I from cat dander, it was established that, in the Felidae species, a Fel d I equivalent is present that reacts with IgE and IgG4 antibodies. We found that all patients had cross-reacting IgE antibodies to seven of the Felidae tested; no IgE antibodies reactive with the caracal were found. Eight of 10 patients with IgG4 antibodies directed to cat dander also had IgG4 antibodies directed to several Felidae species, including the caracal. However, the correlation between the IgE and the IgG4 antibody specificity was low, indicating that, in the case of Fel d I IgE and IgG4, antibodies do not necessarily have the same specificity.  
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  ISSN 0091-6749 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 157 Serial 233  
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Author Atzeni, L., Cushman, S. A., Wang, J., Riordan, P., Shi, K., Bauman, D. url  doi
  Title (up) Evidence of spatial genetic structure in a snow leopard population from Gansu, China Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Heredity Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Understanding the spatial structure of genetic diversity provides insights into a populations’ genetic status and enables assessment of its capacity to counteract the effects of genetic drift. Such knowledge is particularly scarce for the snow leopard, a conservation flagship species of Central Asia mountains. Focusing on a snow leopard population in the Qilian mountains of Gansu Province, China, we characterised the spatial genetic patterns by incorporating spatially explicit indices of diversity and multivariate analyses, based on different inertia levels of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We compared two datasets differing in the number of loci and individuals. We found that genetic patterns were significantly spatially structured and were characterised by a broad geographical division coupled with a fine-scale cline of differentiation. Genetic admixture was detected in two adjoining core areas characterised by higher effective population size and allelic diversity, compared to peripheral localities. The power to detect significant spatial relationships depended primarily on the number of loci, and secondarily on the number of PCA axes. Spatial patterns and indices of diversity highlighted the cryptic structure of snow leopard genetic diversity, likely driven by its ability to disperse over large distances. In combination, the species’ low allelic richness and large dispersal ability result in weak genetic differentiation related to major geographical features and isolation by distance. This study illustrates how cryptic genetic patterns can be investigated and analysed at a fine spatial scale, providing insights into the spatially variable isolation effects of both geographic distance and landscape resistance.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1661  
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