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	Author	Koshkarev E.
	Title	Critical Ranges as Centres of Biodiversity		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 14	Issue	Pages	37-38
	Keywords	Central Asia; biodiversity; rare species; species survival; snow leopard.; 7270; Russian
	Abstract	A high percentage of rare species in Central Asia experience limited conditions for distribution. Geographic centers with higher species diversity are generally constrained in terms of territory: they are formed when ranges overlap. But in Central Asia and along its borders with Russia, centers of biodiversity overlap at the very marginal edges of ranges. Central Asian species cross into Russian territory, where desert and steppe are replaced by thick forest. Here the northern borders of their ranges are sharply fragmented and isolated. Typical examples for Central Asia are the ranges of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Asian leopard (Panthera pardus caucasica), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Bukhara deer (Census elaphus bactrianus), markhor (Capra falconeri), blue sheep (Pseudois nayauf) and argali (Ovis ammon). In Russia are the Altai subspecies of argali, the Siberian argali (O.a.ammon), the mountain goat (Capra sibirica), Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Pallas' cat (Felis manul), dhole (Cuon alpinus), grey marmot (Marmota baibacina), Mongolian marmot (M. sibirica) and tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Where the numbers o f individuals has fallen to extreme lows, the most effective mechanism for species survival may be supporting the integrity of ranges, in order to preserve population exchanges between neighboring groups. The geographic location of reserves and other protected territories is vitally important for the survival of Central Asian species, given the acute fragmentation of their ranges. These reserves should include significant, viable centers of population the key places. Wherever the creation of permanent protected territories is impossible, a new tactic must be found, such as introducing temporary limitations on the use of land for agriculture and hunting. But all protected territories, whether temporary or permanent, should be connected, forming a core and periphery. The marginal range areas must not be forgotten, if total protection of endangered populations is to be accomplished.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Russian Conservation News.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 705		Serial	555
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	Author	Zamoshnikov V.D.
	Title	Current status of biodiversity of Western Tien Shan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	101-108
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; biodiversity; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 8700; Russian
	Abstract	This paper deals with current status of biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Just from mammals 6 species: Menzbier's marmot, dhole, Central Asian otter, snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, Tien Shan argali are included in Red dada Book of Kyrgyzstan.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 847		Serial	1072
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	Author	Medvedev D.G.
	Title	Distribution and migration of the snow leopard in Baikal region		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	218
	Keywords	Russia; Baikal region; distribution; Migration; snow leopard.; 7630; Russian
	Abstract	It provided description of snow leopard distribution in Eastern Sayan, South Transbaikalia and mountains of Baikal lake as well as its migratory ways within the region.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of the Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 741		Serial	670
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	76-78
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian
	Abstract	It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 642		Serial	258
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	Author	Taryannikov V.I.
	Title	Distribution, biology, and current population status of rare predatory mammals in the Western Hissar		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	107-109
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Hissar ridge; distribution; number; diet; rare species; decline; poaching; Lynx; otter; ibex; snow leopard.; 8380; Russian
	Abstract	Described are distribution, biotopical distribution, food, and some biological features of Uncia uncia, Felis lynx, Lutra lutra. New finds of Lutra lutra were observed at the Kashkadarya river. All the species' populations were counted and the reasons for their decrease given. In the author's opinion, number of snow leopard is decreasing as number of Siberian ibex is decreasing too and snow leopard is being poached for. There are 10-12 snow leopards on the slopes of the Hissar ridge.
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 816		Serial	957
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	Author	Abramov V.K.
	Title	Ecological basis of the conservation of large predators in USSR		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1974	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.I.	Issue	Pages	7-8
	Keywords	Ussr; large predators; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 5850; Russian
	Abstract	Problems of conservation of large predators (Felis tigris L., Panthera pardus L., Felis uncia Schreb., Acinonyx jubatus Schreb., Hyaena h¢…†n… L., Cuon alpinus Pall., Ursus maritimus Phipps, U.tibetanus Cuv.) inhabiting territory of USSR are discussed.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 1st International Congress on mammals.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 564		Serial	31
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 1-4.	Issue	Pages	184-199
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian
	Abstract	The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 858		Serial	1087
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	Author	Volozheninov N.N.
	Title	Ecology of some mammals in western part of the Hissar ridge		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	92-101
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar ridge; number; diet; enemies; preys; Siberian ibex; snow leopard.; 8510; Russian
	Abstract	Additional data on Lepus tolai, Ochotona rutila, Citellus relictus, Marmota caudata, Sus scrofa, Capra sibirica in western part of the Hissar ridge, Uzbekistan, is given here based on materials of the years 1978-1983. Information about distribution of these species, their numbers, food, enemies, and other ecologic issues is provided. Capra sibirica is a principle species snow leopard preys on. In 1899 1983, the authors recorded more than 20 cases of snow leopards' killing ibex of different ages.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology, protection and introduction of vertebrate species in Uzbekistan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 828		Serial	990
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	Author	Krever V.
	Title	Ecosystems of the High Mountains Species of Special Interest in Uzbekistan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	55-59
	Keywords	Central Asia; mountain ecosystem; fauna; vertebrates; endangered species; threats; protected areas network; snow leopard.; 7470; Russian
	Abstract	It gives description complexes of mountain ecosystems fauna of Central Asia, endangered vertebrates, main threats to biodiversity and existing protected areas network. Among the rare animal species of the alpine and subalpine meadows first of all should be listed the West Tien Shan endemic, the Menzbier's marmot (Marmota menzbien); the markhor wild goat which still inhabits the Vakhsh range in Tadjikistan; the dhole (Cyon alpinus) which is practically extinct; the Tien Shan bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus), and the snow leopard (Uncia uncia); among birds, the wlute-chested dove (Columba leuconota), sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes tibetanus, snowcocks (Tetraogallus tibetanus, T.altaicus) and bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus).
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity Conservation in Central Asia. An Analysis of Biodiversity and Current Threats and Initial Investment Portfolio.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 725		Serial	596
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	Author	Egorov O.V.
	Title	Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1955	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 42.	Issue	Pages	37-50
	Keywords	Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian
	Abstract	Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 630		Serial	251
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