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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	International Pedigree Book for Snow Leopards, Uncia uncia			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2008	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	9	Pages	1-175
	Keywords	International; pedigree; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; zoo; 4600; studbook
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Helsinki Zoo	Place of Publication	Helsinki	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Helsinki Zoo, P.O. Box 4600, FIN 00099. Blomqvist is the international studbook keeper and EEP coordinator for snow leopards. leif.blomqvist@hel.fi			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1006			Serial	173
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A.
	Title	Introduction to the Proceedings (8th Snow Leopard Symp)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	ix-x
	Keywords	Pakistan; livestock; herders; herder; snow-leopard; predator; predation; prey; habitat; status; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 2020
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Allied Press	Place of Publication	Lahore, Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1977			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 315			Serial	456
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	Author	Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Munkhtsog, B.
	Title	Investigation on Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Its Prey in Baytag Mountain Region, Xinjiang			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2007	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	21	Issue	3	Pages	63-66
	Keywords	Beita mountain; prey resource; snow leopard; Xinjiang; Chinese
	Abstract	The snow leopard and it s p rey were investigated in Beita Mountain Region , Xinjiang in Sep . 2004. Both the field survey and questionnaire were involved in this project which was supported by the International Snow Leopard Trust and Xinjiang Conservation Fund. The signs marked by the snow leopard were used to reflect the living condition of snow leopard and they were collected by running transects. The prey investigation was conducted by positioned observation and route survey. Fifteen transects were done in the project and 67 signs leaved by snow leopard were discovered in total. 58. 2 % of them were scrapes , 35.8 % of t hem were feces , 4.5 % of them were claw rakes and 1. 5 % of them were scent spray. As to the prey resources , 4 herds of 23 ibex and 24 herds of 418 chukars were found during the survey. Also 81 local people of 5 different nationalities were interviewed during the field work , 13. 58 % of them had seen the snow leopard , 20. 99 % of them had heard of snow leopard but not seen. Among t hem , 10 herdsmen had sufferred from the loss of livestock attacked by snow leopard.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full Text Available in ChinesePeriodical: Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 874			Serial	1038
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	Author	Molyukov M.I.
	Title	Irbis			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	74-81
	Keywords	Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; diet; behavior.; 7710; Russian
	Abstract	In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the Red Data Book of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 749			Serial	703
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	Author	Zakhidov T.Z.
	Title	*Irbis (Felis uncia) Ilvrs*			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1960	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	67
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; life history; practical value.; 8660; Russian
	Abstract	The author provides information about snow leopard taxonomy, distribution, habitat and appearance. Biology of this animal is understudied. Snow leopard is able to make long jumps. It feeds upon ibex, wild sheep, marmots, partridge, and sometimes livestock, but never man. Gestation period is three months, at the end of May female gives birth to two or three cubs. Being very occasional, purchase of skin is of no practical value.
	Address
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological encyclopedia (Mammals).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 843			Serial	1068
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	Author	Poyarkov A.D.
	Title	Irbis in south-western Tuva			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1999	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	204
	Keywords	Russia; Altai-Sayans; snow leopard; distribution; number.; 7980; Russian
	Abstract	In 1998, under the WWF Altai-Sayans ecoregion conservation program, traces of snow leopard were detected in the ridges of Tsaran-Shibetu and Shipshal. The density of vital activity traces is comparable with those in northern Mongolia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: 4th Congress of mammalogy society.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 776			Serial	786
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	Author	Brem A.E.
	Title	Irbis, or snow leopard (Felis uncia)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.1. Mammals.	Issue		Pages	204-205
	Keywords	snow leopard; distribution; identification features.; 6390; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is met in the mountains of Turkistan, Altai, Bukhara, Pamir, Kashmir, and Tibet, and probably in South-East Siberia and along Sungari. In 1871, two animals were living in the Moscow Zoo Garden.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Life of animals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 617			Serial	195
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	Author	Ishunin G.I.
	Title	Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1961	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 3.	Issue		Pages	127-131
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian
	Abstract	It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 666			Serial	412
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	Author	Thapa, K.
	Title	Is their any correlation between abundance of blue sheep population and livestock depredation by snow leopards in the Phu Valley, Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area? Final report			Type	Report
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-19
	Keywords	abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; valley; Manang; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; conservation; area; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; Nepal
	Abstract	This study was undertaken in the Phu valley of Manang district in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, Spring, 2004 and 2005. I used the Snow Leopard Management Information System (“second order” survey technique), to determine the relative abundance of snow leopards in delineated areas in Phu valley. Transects routes were plotted by randomly selected feasible landforms such as along ridgelines, cliff bases and river bluffs where snow leopards sign is likely to be found. Altogether, 16 transects (total length of 7.912 km) were laid down (mean transect length=0.495 km). They revealed, 54 sign sites (both relic and non-relic) and altogether 88 signs (72 scrapes, 11 feces, 3 scent mark, 2 pugmarks and 1 hair) were recorded (6.8 site/km and 11.1 signs/km). There were 61.1% non-relic and 38.9% relic sites. The density of snow leopards in Phu Valley may be 4-5 snow leopards/100 kmý.It was found that the Ghyo block had the highest sign density (13.6 mean sign item/km) and Phu block (9.8 mean sign item/km) and the lowest in Ngoru block (3.9 mean sign item/km.). For blue sheep, direct count method was applied from different appropriate vantage points (fixed-point count). I counted total individuals in each herd and classified all individuals whenever possible, using 8 X24 binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total 37 blue sheep herds and 1209 individuals were observed in 192.25 kmý of the study area (blue sheep density, 6.3 kmý). Average herd size was 32.68. Herd size varied from 1 to 103 animals (the largest so far recorded). The average sex ratio male to female for the entire survey area was 0.67. Recruitment rate was 47.13. The ratio of yearlings to adult female was 0.45. In Ghyo block had total 168 blue sheep (area, 44.08 km2 or 3.8/ km2 i.e. 137.2 kg/ kmý). Blue sheep density in Ngoru block showed 4.7/km2 (area, 65.47 km2). Highest density of blue sheep among three blocks was recorded in Phu block, 8.9/km2 (or 320 kg/km2) in its 82.70 km2 area. A standard questionnaire was designed, and interviews conducted for relevant information was collected on livestock depredation patterns (total household survey). Out of 33 households surveyed, 30 reported that they had livestock depredation by the snow leopard in 2004. Altogether 58 animals were reportedly lost to snow leopards (3.1% of the total mortality). Out of the estimated standing available biomass (1, 83,483kg) in the Phu valley at least 2220 kg or 1.3% of the total livestock biomass was consumed by snow leopards in the year of our study (2004). It was estimated that in the Phu valley annually 1.8 animals were lost per household to snow leopards. This means approx. Rs.413560 (US$ 5,908) is lost annually in the valley (US$ 179/household/annum). Ghyo block, had the highest animals loss (53.4%), followed by Phu block (36.2%) and Ngoru block (10.3%) to snow leopards. There is positive correlation among the densities of blue sheep, relative abundance of the snow leopard and livestock depredation. Blue sheep is the main prey species of the snow leopard in Phu valley and its conservation therefore matters to reduce livestock depredation. A general patterns appears here that shows that blue sheep (prey) abundance determine snow leopard (predator) abundance and that livestock depredation by snow leopards may be minimal where there is good population of blue sheep, and vice versa.
	Address
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2005. Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1078			Serial	959
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	Author	Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Dong, S., Sultan, H.
	Title	Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Animals	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	597	Pages	1-20
	Keywords	trophy hunting; mass tourism; Pamir; eco-tourism; human-Snow leopard conflict
	Abstract	Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to ocial record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation.
	Address
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1621
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