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Author Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A.
Title (up) Introduction to the Proceedings (8th Snow Leopard Symp) Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages ix-x
Keywords Pakistan; livestock; herders; herder; snow-leopard; predator; predation; prey; habitat; status; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 2020
Abstract
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Publisher Allied Press Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1977 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 315 Serial 456
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Author Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Munkhtsog, B.
Title (up) Investigation on Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Its Prey in Baytag Mountain Region, Xinjiang Type Miscellaneous
Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 63-66
Keywords Beita mountain; prey resource; snow leopard; Xinjiang; Chinese
Abstract The snow leopard and it s p rey were investigated in Beita Mountain Region , Xinjiang in Sep . 2004.

Both the field survey and questionnaire were involved in this project which was supported by the International

Snow Leopard Trust and Xinjiang Conservation Fund. The signs marked by the snow leopard were used

to reflect the living condition of snow leopard and they were collected by running transects. The prey investigation was conducted by positioned observation and route survey. Fifteen transects were done in the

project and 67 signs leaved by snow leopard were discovered in total. 58. 2 % of them were scrapes ,

35.8 % of t hem were feces , 4.5 % of them were claw rakes and 1. 5 % of them were scent

spray. As to the prey resources , 4 herds of 23 ibex and 24 herds of 418 chukars were found during the survey. Also 81 local people of 5 different nationalities were interviewed during the field work , 13.

58 % of them had seen the snow leopard , 20. 99 % of them had heard of snow leopard but not seen. Among t hem , 10 herdsmen had sufferred from the loss of livestock attacked by snow leopard.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text Available in ChinesePeriodical: Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 874 Serial 1038
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Author Molyukov M.I.
Title (up) Irbis Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 74-81
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; diet; behavior.; 7710; Russian
Abstract In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the Red Data Book of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 749 Serial 703
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Author Zakhidov T.Z.
Title (up) Irbis (Felis uncia) Ilvrs Type Miscellaneous
Year 1960 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 67
Keywords Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; life history; practical value.; 8660; Russian
Abstract The author provides information about snow leopard taxonomy, distribution, habitat and appearance. Biology of this animal is understudied. Snow leopard is able to make long jumps. It feeds upon ibex, wild sheep, marmots, partridge, and sometimes livestock, but never man. Gestation period is three months, at the end of May female gives birth to two or three cubs. Being very occasional, purchase of skin is of no practical value.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological encyclopedia (Mammals). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 843 Serial 1068
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Author Poyarkov A.D.
Title (up) Irbis in south-western Tuva Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 204
Keywords Russia; Altai-Sayans; snow leopard; distribution; number.; 7980; Russian
Abstract In 1998, under the WWF Altai-Sayans ecoregion conservation program, traces of snow leopard were detected in the ridges of Tsaran-Shibetu and Shipshal. The density of vital activity traces is comparable with those in northern Mongolia.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: 4th Congress of mammalogy society. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 776 Serial 786
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Author Brem A.E.
Title (up) Irbis, or snow leopard (Felis uncia) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol.1. Mammals. Issue Pages 204-205
Keywords snow leopard; distribution; identification features.; 6390; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is met in the mountains of Turkistan, Altai, Bukhara, Pamir, Kashmir, and Tibet, and probably in South-East Siberia and along Sungari. In 1871, two animals were living in the Moscow Zoo Garden.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Life of animals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 617 Serial 195
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title (up) Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 Type Miscellaneous
Year 1961 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 3. Issue Pages 127-131
Keywords Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian
Abstract It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 666 Serial 412
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Author Thapa, K.
Title (up) Is their any correlation between abundance of blue sheep population and livestock depredation by snow leopards in the Phu Valley, Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area? Final report Type Report
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-19
Keywords abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; valley; Manang; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; conservation; area; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; Nepal
Abstract This study was undertaken in the Phu valley of Manang district in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal,

Spring, 2004 and 2005. I used the Snow Leopard Management Information System (“second order” survey technique), to determine

the relative abundance of snow leopards in delineated areas in Phu valley. Transects routes were plotted by

randomly selected feasible landforms such as along ridgelines, cliff bases and river bluffs where snow

leopards sign is likely to be found. Altogether, 16 transects (total length of 7.912 km) were laid down (mean

transect length=0.495 km). They revealed, 54 sign sites (both relic and non-relic) and altogether 88 signs (72

scrapes, 11 feces, 3 scent mark, 2 pugmarks and 1 hair) were recorded (6.8 site/km and 11.1 signs/km). There

were 61.1% non-relic and 38.9% relic sites. The density of snow leopards in Phu Valley may be 4-5 snow

leopards/100 kmý.It was found that the Ghyo block had the highest sign density (13.6 mean sign item/km)

and Phu block (9.8 mean sign item/km) and the lowest in Ngoru block (3.9 mean sign item/km.). For blue sheep, direct count method was applied from different appropriate vantage points (fixed-point

count). I counted total individuals in each herd and classified all individuals whenever possible, using 8 X24

binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total 37 blue sheep herds and 1209 individuals were observed in

192.25 kmý of the study area (blue sheep density, 6.3 kmý). Average herd size was 32.68. Herd size varied

from 1 to 103 animals (the largest so far recorded). The average sex ratio male to female for the entire survey

area was 0.67. Recruitment rate was 47.13. The ratio of yearlings to adult female was 0.45. In Ghyo block

had total 168 blue sheep (area, 44.08 km2 or 3.8/ km2 i.e. 137.2 kg/ kmý). Blue sheep density in Ngoru block

showed 4.7/km2 (area, 65.47 km2). Highest density of blue sheep among three blocks was recorded in Phu

block, 8.9/km2 (or 320 kg/km2) in its 82.70 km2 area. A standard questionnaire was designed, and interviews conducted for relevant information was collected on

livestock depredation patterns (total household survey). Out of 33 households surveyed, 30 reported that they

had livestock depredation by the snow leopard in 2004. Altogether 58 animals were reportedly lost to snow

leopards (3.1% of the total mortality). Out of the estimated standing available biomass (1, 83,483kg) in the

Phu valley at least 2220 kg or 1.3% of the total livestock biomass was consumed by snow leopards in the

year of our study (2004). It was estimated that in the Phu valley annually 1.8 animals were lost per household

to snow leopards. This means approx. Rs.413560 (US$ 5,908) is lost annually in the valley (US$

179/household/annum). Ghyo block, had the highest animals loss (53.4%), followed by Phu block (36.2%)

and Ngoru block (10.3%) to snow leopards. There is positive correlation among the densities of blue sheep, relative abundance of the snow leopard and

livestock depredation. Blue sheep is the main prey species of the snow leopard in Phu valley and its

conservation therefore matters to reduce livestock depredation. A general patterns appears here that shows

that blue sheep (prey) abundance determine snow leopard (predator) abundance and that livestock

depredation by snow leopards may be minimal where there is good population of blue sheep, and vice versa.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2005. Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1078 Serial 959
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Author Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Dong, S., Sultan, H.
Title (up) Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue 597 Pages 1-20
Keywords trophy hunting; mass tourism; Pamir; eco-tourism; human-Snow leopard conflict
Abstract Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to ocial record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1621
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Author Chichikin Yu.N., Y.A.I.
Title (up) Issyk Kul nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 475-480
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Issyk Kul nature reserve; Jety Oguz site; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 6460; Russian
Abstract A description of the Issyk Kul nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan) is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, climate, flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabited in Jety Oguz site of the nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Soviet Union. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 624 Serial 219
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