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| Author | Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Dong, S., Sultan, H. | ||||
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Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 597 | Pages | 1-20 |
| Keywords | trophy hunting; mass tourism; Pamir; eco-tourism; human-Snow leopard conflict | ||||
| Abstract | Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to ocial record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1621 | |||
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| Author | Chichikin Yu.N., Y.A.I. | ||||
| Title |
Issyk Kul nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1969 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 475-480 | ||
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Issyk Kul nature reserve; Jety Oguz site; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 6460; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | A description of the Issyk Kul nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan) is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, climate, flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabited in Jety Oguz site of the nature reserve. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Soviet Union. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 624 | Serial | 219 | ||
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| Author | Syroyechkovskiy E.E. | ||||
| Title |
Kazakhstan and Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 223-231 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; Kazakhstan; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8370; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Common features, origin, and landscape and zonal peculiarities of fauna in Kazakhstan and Central Asia are described. This region is part of the Mediterranean and Central Asia sub-zone of Golarctic, while north-eastern part of Kazakhstan is incorporated in the Round-boreal sub-zone. The main features of nature (sharply continental climate, vast valleys and well-marked zoning combined with a sophisticated system of vertical mountain zoning) stipulate the abundance and diversity of fauna. There are over 100 fish species, some 100 reptile and amphibian species, about 500 bird and 160 mammal species here. Snow leopard can be found in Kazakhstan's part of the Altai, in the Tien Shan and Pamir mountains. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 815 | Serial | 954 | ||
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| Author | Nardelli, F. | ||||
| Title |
Keeping and breeding snow leopards at the Rare Felids Increasing Centre, Nettuno, Italy | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 63-66 | |
| Keywords | breeding; captive; felids; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo | ||||
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| Publisher | Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1033 | Serial | 715 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev E.P. | ||||
| Title |
Key areas of snow leopard's habitat as main conservation objects | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Part. 1. | Issue | Pages | 97-98 | |
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; Southern Siberia; Central Asia; Talass ridge; Chatkal ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Hissar ridge; species range; key sites; snow leopard; nature reserves.; 7260; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The most vulnerable key areas within the snow leopard habitat are East Kazakhstan (an area of 48,000 square km) with no protected areas network established, and South Siberia (131,000 square km), where snow leopard is protected in three nature reserves. These areas are distant from main part of the habitat, isolated and have more extreme conditions. In Central Asia's key area (213,000 square km) linked to a main Chinese-Afghani part of the habitat, snow leopard was found in 11 nature reserves and two national parks. For reliable protection of this species it would be expedient to strengthen the role of the mountain nature reserves by means of extension and amalgamation of the areas, and other measures. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Environmental problems of wildlife protection. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 704 | Serial | 560 | ||
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| Author | Atzeni, L., Wang, J., Riordan, P., Shi, K., Cushman, S. A. | ||||
| Title |
Landscape resistance to gene flow in a snow leopard population from Qilianshan National Park, Gansu, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Landscape Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Landscape genetics · MLPE · Gene flow · Genetic distance · Isolation by distance · Isolation by resistance · Landscape resistance · Snow leopard · Principal component analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Context: The accurate estimation of landscape resistance to movement is important for ecological understanding and conservation applications. Rigorous estimation of resistance requires validation and optimization. One approach uses genetic data for the optimization or validation of resistance models. Objectives We used a genetic dataset of snow leopards from China to evaluate how landscape genetics resistance models varied across genetic distances and spatial scales of analysis. We evaluated whether landscape genetics models were superior to models of resistance derived from habitat suitability or isolation-by-distance. Methods: We regressed genetically optimized, habitat-based, and isolation-by-distance hypotheses against genetic distances using mixed effect models. We explored all subset combinations of genetically optimized variables to find the most supported resistance scenario for each genetic distance. Results: Genetically optimized models always out-performed habitat-based and isolation-by-distance hypotheses. The choice of genetic distances influenced the apparent influence of variables, their spatial scales and their functional response shapes, producing divergent resistance scenarios. Gene flow in snow leopards was largely facilitated by areas of intermediate ruggedness at intermediate elevations corresponding to small-to-large valleys within and between the mountain ranges. Conclusions: This study highlights that landscape genetics models provide superior estimation of functional dispersal than habitat surrogates and suggests that optimization of genetic distance should be included as an optimization routine in landscape genetics, along with variables, scales, effect size and functional response shape. Furthermore, our study provides new insights on the ecological conditions that promote gene flow in snow leopards, which expands ecological knowledge, and we hope will improve conservation planning. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1720 | ||
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| Author | Baidavletov R.J. | ||||
| Title |
Large predators of the Kazakhstan Altai and their importance for hunting industry | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 79-81 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; Altai; large predators; snow leopard; distribution; number; preys.; 6110; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Fauna of large predatory mammals in the Kazakhstan Altai is represented by five species: wolf, bear, glutton, lynx, and snow leopard. Snow leopard inhabits the Sarymsakty and Tarbagai ridges and South Altai. This species is observed to regularly penetrate into the Kutun and Kurchum ridges. Its habitat covers an area of 1,800 sq. km, its population being 14-16 animals. The population density is 0.7 1.0 animals per 100 sq. km. A hunting area of a female animal with two cubs is 45 85 sq. km; a male 120 sq. km. Snow leopard main preys on ibex (41.1 percent), roe-deer (31.0 percent), and moral (13.8 percent); in summer on gray marmot (28.6 percent). Snow leopard is also known to prey on hares, birds, argali, and elks. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 590 | Serial | 107 | ||
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| Author | Filonov K.F. | ||||
| Title |
Large terrestrial mammals in the reserves of Russia: their status and prospects of conservation | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 343-348 | ||
| Keywords | Russia; nature reserves; large mammals; carnivores; ungulates; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6680; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The authors make an analysis of fauna of large mammals in 68 nature reserves. There are 10 carnivores and 17 ungulates. Wolf, brown bear, wolverine and lynx appeared to be more widely spread. Dhole, snow leopard, tiger, Himalayan bear have limited distribution and low density. Hey have recorded in a few nature reserves. Among the ungulates wild boar, musk deer, red deer, roe deer, moose, reindeer and aurochs are more widely spread. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 646 | Serial | 276 | ||
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| Author | Korablev, M. P., Poyarkov, A. D., Karnaukhov, A. S., Zvychaynaya, E. Y., Kuksin, A. N., Malykh, S. V., Istomov, S. V., Spitsyn, S. V., Aleksandrov, D. Y., Hernandez-Blanco, J. A., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtogtokh, O., Putintsev, N. I., Vereshchagin, A. S., Becmurody, A., Afzunov, S., Rozhnov, V. V. | ||||
| Title |
Large-scale and fine-grain population structure and genetic diversity of snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) from the northern and western parts of the range with an emphasis on the Russian population. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Conservation Genetics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Snow leopard, Panthera uncia, Microsatellites, Heterozygosity, Population structure, Noninvasive survey, Scat, Subspecies | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) population in Russia and Mongolia is situated at the northern edge of the range, where instability of ecological conditions and of prey availability may serve as prerequisites for demographic instability and, consequently, for reducing the genetic diversity. Moreover, this northern area of the species distribution is connected with the western and central parts by only a few small fragments of potential habitats in the Tian-Shan spurs in China and Kazakhstan. Given this structure of the range, the restriction of gene flow between the northern and other regions of snow leopard distribution can be expected. Under these conditions, data on population genetics would be extremely important for assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow both at regional and large-scale level. To investigate large-scale and fine-grain population structure and levels of genetic diversity we analyzed 108 snow leopards identified from noninvasively collected scat samples from Russia and Mongolia (the northern part of the range) as well as from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (the western part of the range) using panel of eight polymorphic microsatellites. We found low to moderate levels of genetic diversity in the studied populations. Among local habitats, the highest heterozygosity and allelic richness were recorded in Kyrgyzstan (He = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ho = 0.70 ± 0.04, Ar = 3.17) whereas the lowest diversity was found in a periphery subpopulation in Buryatia Republic of Russia (He = 0.41 ± 0.12, Ho = 0.29 ± 0.05, Ar = 2.33). In general, snow leopards from the western range exhibit greater genetic diversity (He = 0.68 ± 0.04, Ho = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ar = 4.95) compared to those from the northern range (He = 0.60 ± 0.06, Ho = 0.49 ± 0.02, Ar = 4.45). In addition, we have identified signs of fragmentation in the northern habitat, which have led to significant genetic divergence between subpopulations in Russia. Multiple analyses of genetic structure support considerable genetic differentiation between the northern and western range parts, which may testify to subspecies subdivision of snow leopards from these regions. The observed patterns of genetic structure are evidence for delineation of several management units within the studied populations, requiring individual approaches for conservation initiatives, particularly related to translocation events. The causes for the revealed patterns of genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity are discussed. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1633 | |||
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| Author | Simon, N., Geroudet, P. | ||||
| Title |
Last Survivores: The Natural History of Animals in Danger of Extinction | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 127-131 | ||
| Keywords | snow leopard, Panthera uncia | ||||
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| Publisher | The World Publishing Company | Place of Publication | New York | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1186 | ||
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