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Author Natalia, E., Sergey, N., Vyacheslav, R., Fedor, V., Antonio, H. B. J., Andrey, P., Alexander, K.,Ekaterina, P.
Title (up) HELMINTHS OF RARE FELINE SPECIES (FELIDAE) IN SIBERIA AND THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication International Journal of Research In Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 70-74
Keywords Helminths, Amur tiger, Amur leopard, Pallas's cat, Snow leopard.
Abstract Parasites diversity in close-related species of hosts may be different depending on habitat use and climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to

analyze parasites fauna in four felid species inhabiting Russian Far East and South Siberia (including taiga forest and mountain treeless areas). We

have collected 272 feces samples of four felid species: Amur tiger, Amur leopard, snow leopard and Pallas� cat. Helminths (eggs and larvae) in

excrements were studied by flotation using a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate. We have described 10 helminths species in Amur tiger feces, 6

� in Amur leopard, 2 � in snow leopard and 3 � in Pallas� cat. Obviously, snow leopard and Palls� cat had lower helminths diversity than two other

species. These differences can be explained, to some extent, by climatic parameters. The climate in the snow leopard and Pallas' cat habitats is

described by sharp and significant temperature fluctuations – the annual temperature difference can exceed 90°C, which may lead to lower survival of

the number of infectious agents in Pallas' cat excrements. In addition, the snow cover that can protect helminth eggs and larvae from the cold

temperatures especially in Amur tiger and Amur leopard habitats. Possibly, another important factor is the spatial and social organization of Pallas'

cats, with a low frequency of contacts with other individuals. Such way, species-specific differences in helminths were related, probably, with the

species evolution in different habitats
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1481
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Author Thapa, K., Pradhan, N, M, B., Barker, J., Dhakal, M., Bhandari, A, R., Gurung, G, S., Rai, D, P., Thapa, G, J., Shrestha, S., Singh, G, R.
Title (up) High elevation record of a leopard cat in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue No 58 Pages 26-27
Keywords leopard cat, camera trapping survey, Nepal
Abstract During a camera trapping survey in Khambachen valley of Kangchenjunga Conservation

Area KCA from 24 April to 26 May 2012 we camera trapped one leopard cat

Prionailurus bengalensis at an altitude of 4,474 meter. This is probably the highest

altitudinal record for the species in its range. Additionally, one melanistic leopard

Panthera pardus was captured at an altitude of 4,300 m, which is probably as well the

highest documented record in the country. Yet at this stage, no obvious reason can

explain these unusual high records for both species, thus more surveys are recommended

for this region.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1394
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Author Aromov B.
Title (up) Hissar state nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 143-145
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; mammals; birds; amphibians; reptiles; number; snow leopard; Lynx; bear; wild boar; ibex.; 6090; Russian
Abstract Presented is history of the Hissar nature reserve's establishment, physic and geographic description, types of soils, flora and fauna The 28 species of mammals, 103 nested birds, 19 amphibians and reptiles and 2 fishes are presented in nature reserve. Number of snow leopard assessed as 2-3 families, bear 130 individuals, wild boar 460, Turkestan lynx 90,ibex 1700 individuals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological news. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 588 Serial 101
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Author Houston Zoological Society
Title (up) Houston's summer snow Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Hou-Zoo Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages H2=H3
Keywords snow leopard, captivity, Houston Zoo
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1214
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Author Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S. P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C. M. S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V., Ostrowski, S.
Title (up) Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Global Ecology & Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 41 Issue e02350 Pages 1-13
Keywords Snow leopard, Artificial intelligence, Camera trap misclassification, individual ID, HotSpotter
Abstract Camera trapping is the most widely used data collection method for estimating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) abundance; however, the accuracy of this method is limited by human observer errors from misclassifying individuals in camera trap images. We evaluated the extent Whiskerbook (www.whiskerbook.org), an artificial intelligence (AI) software, could reduce this error rate and enhance the accuracy of capture-recapture abundance estimates. Using 439 images of 34 captive snow leopard individuals, classification was performed by five observers with prior experience in individual snow leopard ID (“experts”) and five observers with no such experience (“novices”). The “expert” observers classified 35 out of 34 snow leopard individuals, on average erroneously splitting one individual into two, thus resulting in a higher number than true individuals. The success rate of experts was 90 %, with less than a 3 % error in estimating the population size in capture-recapture modeling. However, the “novice” observers successfully matched 71 % of encounters, recognizing 25 out of 34 individuals, underestimating the population by 25 %. It was found that expert observers significantly outperformed novice observers, making statistically fewer errors (Mann Whitney U test P = 0.01) and finding the true number of individuals (P = 0.01). These differences were contrasted with a previous study by Johansson et al. 2020, using the same subset of 16 individuals from European zoos. With the help of AI and the Whiskerbook platform, “experts” were able to match 87 % of encounters and identify 15 out of 16 individuals, with modeled estimates of 16 ± 1 individuals. In contrast, “novices” were 63 % accurate in matching encounters and identified 12 out of 16 individuals, modeling 12 ± 1 individuals that underestimated the population size by 12 %. When comparing the performance of observers using AI and the Whiskerbook platform to observers performing the tasks manually, we found that observers using Whiskerbook made significantly fewer errors in splitting one individual into two (P = 0.04). However, there were also a significantly higher number of combination errors, where two individuals were combined into one (P = 0.01). Specifically, combination errors were found to be made by “novices” (P = 0.04). Although AI benefited both expert and novice observers, expert observers outperformed novices. Our results suggest that AI effectively reduced the misclassification of individual snow leopards in camera trap studies, improving abundance estimates. However, even with AI support, expert observers were needed to obtain the most accurate estimates.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1715
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Author Alexander, J., Chen, P., Damerell, P., Youkui, W., Hughes, J., Shi, K., Riordan, P.
Title (up) Human wildlife conflict involving large carnivores in Qilianshan, China and the minimal paw-print of snow leopards Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 187 Issue Pages 1-9
Keywords Snow leopard Carnivores Livestock depredation Social attitudes China
Abstract In this paper, we assess local perceptions towards snow leopards in North West China using a framework

depicting key conflict domains. We describe the perceived threats posed to humans by the snow leopard

and set them within beliefs and attitudes towards other species within the large carnivore assemblage in

this region. Surveys were conducted in seven villages within Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu

Province, China, to document reports of snow leopard (Panthera uncia), grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian

lynx (Lynx lynx) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) depredation of livestock, and local attitudes towards each

species. Questionnaire-based interviews were held with 60 households and 49 livestock herders. Herding

of yak, sheep and goats was found to be a common livelihood activity among households in all villages.

Herders reported losing livestock to all four carnivore species. Herders reported that depredation was the

most common event affecting livestock, compared with natural disasters or disease, and represented a

total loss of 3.6% of the livestock population during the previous year. Most (53%) depredation losses were

attributed to lynx, while snow leopards were held responsible for only 7.8% of depredation losses. The

reported impact of snow leopards on herding activities was relatively small and the majority of both

householders and herders expressed positive attitudes towards them and supported measures for their

protection. Households and herders held negative attitudes towards lynx, wolves and bears, however,

most likely due to their perceived threat to livestock and humans. Understanding community perceptions

of threats posed by wildlife is vital for gaining community support for, and engagement in, conflict

mitigation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1422
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Author Sangay, T.; Vernes, K.
Title (up) Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 141 Issue Pages 1272-1282
Keywords bear; Bhutan; compensation; conflict; Himalayas; leopard; livestock; predation; snow leopard; tiger
Abstract We examined predation activity throughout Bhutan by tiger (Panthera tigris), common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) on a variety of livestock types using data gathered over the first two years (2003-2005) of a compensation scheme for livestock losses. One thousand three hundred and seventy five kills were documented, with leopards killing significantly more livestock (70% of all kills),

than tigers (19%), bears (8%) and snow leopards (2%). About 50% of livestock killing were of cattle, and about 33% were of horses, with tigers, leopards and snow leopards killing a significantly greater proportion of horses than predicted from availability. Examination of cattle kills showed that leopards killed a significantly greater proportion of smaller prey (e.g., calves), whereas tigers killed a significantly greater proportion of larger prey (e.g., bulls). Overall, livestock predation was greatest in summer and autumn which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season, and subsequently, are less well guarded than at other times. Across Bhutan, high horse density and low cattle and yak density were associated with high rates of livestock attack, but no relationship was found with forest cover or human population density. Several northern districts were identified as 'predation hotspots', where proportions of livestock lost to predation were considerable, and the ratio of reported kills to relative abundance of livestock was high. Implications of our findings for mitigating livestock losses and for conserving large carnivores in Bhutan are discussed.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 903 Serial 842
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title (up) Hunting and nature conservation in Uzbekistan (history and current status) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 9-21
Keywords Uzbekistan; origin; fauna; fossils; mesolite; late Stone Age; the Bronze Age; hunting; agriculture; stock-raising; natural calamity; conservation; hunting farm; snow leopard.; 6930; Russian
Abstract Origination of fauna complexes in Uzbekistan from the Mustier period to present time is described. The remains of brown bear, cave hyena, wolf, fox, corsac, stone marten, badger, and snow leopard were found in cave Amankutan (western extremities of the Zaravshan ridge). Cattle breeding and farming has begun since mesolite; cave bear, Stenon horse, Pleistocene donkey, camel and aurochs dropped from the region's fauna, while marchor and striped hyena moved to the Hissar ridge, Babatag and Kugitang mountains from south; jackal, chaus, tiger, and Iranian otter settled along the river valleys. In the Neolith and Bronze Age cattle breeding and farming continued to develop, while hunting was less important. Mass hinting for animals in the time of Alexander the Great, Chingiz Khan, and Babur, the ruler of Fergana, is described. Mass extermination of kulan, goitered gazelle, saiga, and other game species also took place later more than 12,000 saigas were killed during one hunt at the end of 19th century in the Volga region. Animals also die from natural disasters the “djut”. Data concerning a current status of goitered gazelle, saiga, Bukhara deer, marchor, Severtsev's sheep, and urial is given.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting and nature conservation in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 671 Serial 417
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Author Worley, M.B.
Title (up) Hypogammaglobulinemia in snow leopards Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 129-130
Keywords captive; hypogammaglobulinemia; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1045 Serial 1029
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Author Vinogradov B.S.& Flerov K.K.
Title (up) I.Pamir. II. East Bukhara Type Miscellaneous
Year 1935 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 15-19
Keywords Tajikistan; Pamir; East Bukhara; fauna; endemics; snow leopard.; 8490; Russian
Abstract East Pamir is a transitive zone on border Tibetan, East Tien Shan, Western Tien Shan, Himalaya and Afghani fauna and is characterized by low diversity of mammals. Ungulates of east part are presented: Ivis dŒlii Š ¥…dr… sibirica s…k††n. Predators are presented ¥…nis lŠdŠs laniger (Tibetan subspecies); Vulpes vulpes ferganensis, IŠstela alpina alpina, IŠstela †r•inea ferganae, IŠst†l… nivalis d…llid…, I…rt†s foina, F†lis 1¢‹o iz…b†lli‹…, U‹ci… Š‹ci… Š‹cia (Central Asian and South Asian spp.); Ursus …r¤tŒs …ff. s¢riacus, I†l†s •†l†s, LŠtr… lutr… seistanica (South West Asian species). East Bukhara (Turkestan, Zeravshan, Hissar, Peter the Great, Darvaza, etc., and also the Western Pamir) is characterized by presence of representatives of the Indo-Afghani fauna (Capra falconeri, Ovis vignei, Cervus affinis, Mellivora indica (?), Vulpes canus, Otonycteris hemprichi, Nesokia indica, Rattus turkestanicus), Southwest Asia fauna (Felis pardus tulliana, Felis tigris septentrionalis, Canis aureus aureus, Lutra lutra seistanica, Hyaena hyaena), as well as species of widely distrebuted within the Southern and Southwest Asia (Felis ornata, Felis chaus, Vormela peregusna, Maries foina, Mustela nivalis, Ursus arctos syriacus, Hystrix hirsutirostris), or Central Asian species (Felis lynx isabelina, Mustela alpina, Mustela erminea, Otocolobus manul, Vulpes vulpes karagan Š „d.). Endemics of East Bukhara are Microtus carruthersi, Microtus bucharensis, Sorex bucharensis.
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Publisher Place of Publication 1935 Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, life and value for man. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 826 Serial 987
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