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Li, J., McCarthy, T. M., Wang, H., Weckworth, B. V., Shaller, G. B., Mishra, C., Lu, Z., Beissinger, S. R |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Climate refugia of snow leopards in High Asia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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203 |
Pages |
188-196 |
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Keywords |
Snow leopard, Habitat, Climate change, Refugia, High Asia, Conservation |
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Abstract |
Rapidwarming in High Asia is threatening its unique ecosystemand endemic species, especially the endangered
snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Snow leopards inhabit the alpine zone between snow line and tree line, which
contracts and expands greatly during glacier-interglacial cycles. Here we assess impacts of climate change on
global snow leopard habitat from the last glacial maximum (LGM; 21 kyr ago) to the late 21st century. Based
on occurrence records of snow leopards collected across all snow leopard range countries from 1983 to 2015,
we built a snow leopard habitat model using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt 3.3.3k). Then we
projected this model into LGM, mid-Holocene and 2070. Analysis of snow leopard habitat map from LGM to
2070 indicates that three large patches of stable habitat have persisted from the LGM to present in the Altai,
Qilian, and Tian Shan-Pamir-Hindu Kush-Karakoram mountain ranges, and are projected to persist through the
late 21st century. These climatically suitable areas account for about 35% of the snow leopard's current extent,
are large enough to support viable populations, and should function as refugia for snow leopards to survive
through both cold and warm periods. Existence of these refugia is largely due to the unique mountain environment
in High Asia, which maintains a relatively constant arid or semi-arid climate. However, habitat loss leading
to fragmentation in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains, as well as increasing human activities, will present
conservation challenges for snow leopards and other sympatric species. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1449 |
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Author |
Brown, M. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Community-Based Natural Resources Management in Snow Leopard Habitat |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
146-147 |
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Keywords |
conservation; habitat; tourism; livestock; herders; herder; predator; prey; management; browse; 2940 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 303 |
Serial |
199 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Conservation in Ladakh's Hemis National Park: Predator and Prey |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1992 |
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x |
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Keywords |
Ladakh; Hemis; India; Islt; conservation; Singh; predation; Nurbu; wolves; habitat; tourism; browse; 4710 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 458 |
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301 |
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Sumiya, G.; Buyantsog, B.; WWF Mongolia Country Office |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Turgen and Tsagaan Shuvuut Mountains Through Local Involvement |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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Keywords |
snow; leopard; uncia; Mongolia; conservation; protected; areas; status; threats; projects; prey; habitat; monitoring; pasture; land; cooperation; herders; environmental; eco-tourism; public; awareness; 5100 |
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Islt |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 496 |
Serial |
947 |
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Author |
Dhungel, S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Pages |
47-50 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
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Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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Notes |
full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 306 |
Serial |
241 |
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Author |
Karnaukhov, A. S., Malykh, S. V., Korablev, M. P., Kalashnikova, Y. M., Poyarkov, A. D., Rozhnov, V. V. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Current Status of the Eastern Sayan Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) Grouping and Its Nutritive Base |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Biology Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1106-1115 |
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Keywords |
Panthera uncia, Bol� shoi Sayan, Munku-Sardyk, Tunkinskie Gol� tsy, distribution area, molecular genetic analysis, modeling of potential habitats |
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Abstract |
A field survey of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitats was carried out in the southeastern part of
the Eastern Sayan Mountains (Okinskii and Tunkinskii districts of the Republic of Buryatia and the Kaa-
Khemskii district of Tuva Republic). Seven or eight adult snow leopards were observed as constant inhabitants
of the Tunkinskie Gol'tsy, Munku-Sardyk, and Bol'shoi Sayan mountain ridges. The presence of eight
snow leopards was confirmed using DNA-based analyses of scats collected in 2014 – 2016. The main prey species
of the snow leopard in Eastern Sayan is the Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), but its abundance has steadily
decreased over the past 20 years. The red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the wild boar (Sus scrofa), which were
some of the most numerous ungulates in the survey area, are replacing the Siberian ibex in the snow leopard's
diet. In addition, the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) is also of importance to the snow leopard's diet. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1482 |
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Sukhbat, K.; Munkhtsog, B. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Density and Distribution of Ibex and Argali Sheep in Mongolia |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
121-123 |
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Keywords |
Mongolia; argali; habitat; predator; prey; ibex; ungulates; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 2840 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 329 |
Serial |
942 |
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Author |
Xinchun, M. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Distribution in the wild and the captive raising of snow leopards in Xinjiang, China |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
157-162 |
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distribution; habitat; ibex; blue-sheep; argali; hides; skins; pelts; furs; coats; zoos; zoo; China; captivity; care; husbandry; feeding; diet; housing; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; 3770 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 267 |
Serial |
1031 |
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Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ecological Studies of Snow Leopard and its Associated Prey Species in Hemis High Altitude Park, Ladakh (J&K) |
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Book Whole |
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1992 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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90 pages |
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India; Ladakh; snow-leopard; predator; prey; herder; blue-sheep; habitat; herders; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 980 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Rajasthan |
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Snow Leopard Trust holds one copyPlace of Publication: Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies, University of Rajastan, Jaipur-302 004, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1992 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 188 |
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224 |
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Author |
Zhiryakov V.A. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2002 |
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Volume |
N 1-4. |
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184-199 |
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Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian |
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Abstract |
The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated. |
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Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 858 |
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1087 |
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McCarthy, T. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ecology and Conservation of Snow Leopards, Gobi Brown Bears, and Wild Bactrian Camels in Mongolia |
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2000 |
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snow leopard; Uncia uncia; Mongolia; radio-collar; habitat use; movements; ecology; wild camel; brown bear; 5340 |
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Abstract |
Snow leopard ecology, distribution and abundance in Mongolia were studied between 1993 and 1999. I placed VHF and satellite radio-collars on 4 snow leopards, 2 males and 2 females, to determine home ranges, habitat use, movements, and activity. Home ranges of snow leopards in Mongolia were substantially larger than reported elsewhere. Males ranged over 61 – 142 km2 and female 58 to 1,590 km2. Cats had crepuscular activity patterns with daily movements averaging 5.1 km. Intraspecific distances averaged 1.3 km for males to 7.8 km for males. Leopards selected moderately to very-broken habitat with slopes > 20o, in areas containing ibex. Leopard distribution and abundance was determined using sign surveys. Leopard range in Mongolia is approximately 103,000 km2 but cats are not uniformly distributed within that range. High-density areas include the eastern and central Transaltai Gobi and the northern Altai ranges. Relative leopard densities compared well with relative ibex densities on a regional basis. A snow leopard conservation plan was drafted for Mongolia that identifies problems and threats, and provides an action plan. Wild Bactrian camels occur in the Great Gobi National Park (GGNP) and are thought to be declining due to low recruitment. I surveyed camels by jeep and at oases, observing 142 (4.2% young) and 183 (5.3% young) in 1997 and 1998. Current range was estimated at 33,300 km2. Some winter and calving ranges were recently abandoned. Track sizes and tooth ages from skulls were used to assess demographics. A deterministic model was produced that predicts camel extinction within 25 to 50 years under current recruitment rates and population estimates. Gobi brown bears are endemic to Mongolia and may number less than 35. Three population isolates may occur. I collected genetic material from bears at oases using hair traps. Microsatellite analyses of nuclear DNA determined sixteen unique genotypes, only two of which occurred at more than one oases. Genetic diversity was very low with expected heterozygosity = 0.32, and alleles per locus = 2.3. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were compared to other clades of brown bear and found to fall outside of all known lineages. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Massachusetts, Amherst |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 519 |
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663 |
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Author |
Panwar, H.S.; Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ecology of the Snow Loepard and Associated Prey in Central Ladakh |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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18 |
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Keywords |
Ladakh; research; field-study; study; India; home-range; movement; habitat; prey; behavior; Himalaya; Human; ineraction; conflisct; Landsat; browse; 4180 |
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Full text at URL |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 406 |
Serial |
758 |
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Author |
Braden, K.E. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Economic Development in Six Regions of Snow Leopard Habitat in the U.S.S.R |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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227-246 |
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conservation; habitat; herders; livestock; sheep; goats; argali; herder; Russia; Soviet-Union; U.S.S.R.; Ussr; ungulates; ungulate; predator; prey; economics; economic; browse; soviet; union; 1800 |
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Abstract |
The Disappearance of traditional ungulate prey of the snow leopard may be contributing to its endangered status in the wild. Soviet biologists have noted that wild sheep are a primary prey of the snow leopard in the southern Russian union republic and the Central Asian union republic of the U.S.S.R. While poaching appears to have had some impact on the status of these sheep, econmic pressures may be contributing to their decrease. Evidence presented for KAzakhstan and three regions of the Russian republic demonstrates that commercial sheep and goat production appears to be growing at a very high pace in these areas, thus consumming habitat otherwise available for wild herds. |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 107 |
Serial |
194 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Poyarkov, A.D.; Samoylova, G.S.; Subbotin, A.E. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Evaluation of Potential Habitats of Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia, Schreb.) In Altay-Khangay-Sayan Region and in Territory of Russian Federation: GIS Approach |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; uncia; habitat; Forest; desert; tundra; territory; landscape; steppe; alpine; gorge; valley; land; use; region; potential; area; 5040 |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle, WA |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 490 |
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788 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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66-74 |
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India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 307 |
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308 |
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Author |
Karki, A., Panthi, S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Factors affecting livestock depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Himalayan region of Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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PeerJ |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
e11575 |
Pages |
1-14 |
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Keywords |
Conflict,Habitat,Himalaya,Livestockdepredation,Modeling,Snowleopard,Wildlife management |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) found in central Asia is classified as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Every year, large number of livestock are killed by snow leopards in Nepal, leading to economic loss to local communities and making human-snow leopard conflict a major threat to snow leopard conservation. We conducted formal and informal stakeholder’s interviews to gather information related to livestock depredation with the aim to map the attack sites by the snow leopard. These sites were further validated by district forest office staffs to assess sources of bias. Attack sites older than 3 years were removed from the survey. We found 109 attack sites and visited all the sites for geo location purpose (GPS points of all unique sites were taken). We maintained at least a 100 m distance between attack locations to ensure that each attack location was unique, which resulted in 86 unique locations. A total of 235 km2 was used to define livestock depredation risk zone during this study. Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, we found that distance to livestock sheds, distance to paths, aspect, and distance to roads were major contributing factors to the snow leopard’s attacks. We identified 13.64 km2 as risk zone for livestock depredation from snow leopards in the study area. Furthermore, snow leopards preferred to attack livestock near livestock shelters, far from human paths and at moderate distance from motor roads. These identified attack zones should be managed both for snow leopard conservation and livestock protection in order to balance human livelihoods while protecting snow leopards and their habitats. |
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1640 |
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Author |
McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Cat News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
Spring |
Pages |
22-23 |
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Keywords |
study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite |
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Abstract |
Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1009 |
Serial |
666 |
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Author |
Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1990 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
11 |
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India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970 |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990. |
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full text available at URL |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 305 |
Serial |
223 |
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Author |
Jackson. R |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets |
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Book Chapter |
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2012 |
Publication |
Springer Science and Business Media |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
357-380 |
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Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation |
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Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color.
Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing
rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively
low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse
biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive
as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires
carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing
competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally
friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods.
This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster
sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting
herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms
and wildlife disturbance or poaching).
When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife,
conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and
build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government
and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism
sectors). |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1393 |
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Hacker, C., Atzeni, L., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtsog, B., Galsandorj, N., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Buyanaa, C., Bayandonoi, G., Ochirjav, M., Farrington, J. D., Jevit, M., Zhang, Y., Wu, L. Cong, W., Li, D., Gavette, C., Jackson, R., Janecka, J. E. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Genetic diversity and spatial structures of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) reveal proxies of connectivity across Mongolia and northwestern China |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Landscape Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-19 |
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Admixture · Central Asia · Connectivity · Habitat Modeling · Landscape Genetics · Noninvasive Genetics · MEM · Spatial Structures |
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Understanding landscape connectivity and population genetic parameters is imperative for threatened species management. However, such information is lacking for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). This study sought to explore hierarchical snow leopard gene flow patterns and drivers of genetic structure in Mongolia and China. A total of 97 individuals from across Mongolia and from the north-eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Gansu Province to the middle of Qinghai Province in China were genotyped across 24 microsatellite loci. Distance-based frameworks were used to determine a landscape scenario best explaining observed genetic structure. Spatial and non-spatial methods were used to investigate fine-scale autocorrelation and similarity patterns as well as genetic structure and admixture. A genetic macro-division between populations in China and Mongolia was observed, suggesting that the Gobi Desert is a substantial barrier to gene flow. However, admixture and support for a resistance-based mode of isolation suggests connective routes that could facilitate movement. Populations in Mongolia had greater connectivity, indicative of more continuous habitat. Drivers of genetic structure in China were difficult to discern, and fine-scale sampling is needed. This study elucidates snow leopard landscape connectivity and helps to prioritize conservation areas. Although contact zones may have existed and occasional crossings can occur, establishing corridors to connect these areas should not be a priority. Focus should be placed on maintaining the relatively high connectivity for snow leopard populations within Mongolia and increasing research efforts in China. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1717 |
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Shrestha, R.; Wegge, P. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Habitat relationships between wild and domestic herbivores in Nepalese trans – Himalaya |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Journal of Arid Environments |
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72 |
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914-925 |
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blue sheep; Competition; domestic; habitat partitioning; naur; Nepal; pastoralism; pseudois nayaur; trans-himalaya |
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In the semi-arid ecosystems of Asia, where pastoralism is a main subsistence occupation, grazing competition from domestic stock is believed to displace the wild ungulates. We studied the habitat relationships among sympatric naur and domestic yak and smallstock in Phu valley in upper Manang district, Nepal, on the basis of their distribution on vegetation types, elevation and slope. To control for the disturbance effect by humans, we collected the data on naur from those ranges where domestic stock were not being attended by herders. We applied correspondence analysis to explore habitat associations among animal groups (n ¬ 1415) within and across-seasons. Within each association, interspecific habitat overlaps and species habitat preferences were calculated. Naur was strongly associated with free-ranging yak as they used similar altitudinal ranges in all seasons, except in spring. Their distributions on vegetation types and slopes were also quite similar, except for a stronger preference for alpine meadows by naur during summer and winter. Naur and smallstock did not form temporal associations as the latter consistently used lower elevations. In autumn and spring, however, naur spatially overlapped with the summer range of smallstock, and both preferred the alpine meadow habitat during these periods. Alpine meadow was the least abundant vegetation type but was consistently and preferentially used by all animal groups across seasons. At high stocking densities, all three animals groups are therefore likely to compete for this vegetation type. The role of spatio-temporal heterogeneity for interpreting the interspecific relationships among ungulates in the semi-arid rangelands of the trans-Himalaya is discussed. |
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SLN @ rana @ 937 |
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891 |
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Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Habitat segregation between sympatric Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya |
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2004 |
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Journal of Zoology |
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262 |
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57-63 |
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argali; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; blue sheep; pseudois nayaur; Habitat selection; resource partitioning; niche relationship; 5200 |
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Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur have almost completely overlapping distributions encompassing most of the Tibetan plateau and its margins. Such a sympatric distribution of related species with similar ecological requirements implies that there is some degree of resource partitioning. This may be accomplished on the basis of habitat and/or diet separation. This study evaluated such ecological separation on the basis of physical habitat partitioning by these two sympatric ungulates in Hemis High Altitude National Park, Ladakh, India, in an area where the argali established a small new population in 1978. Such separation was tested for
on the basis of expected difference between the species in their proximity to cliffs, associated with species-specific anti-predator behaviour. Tibetan argali selected habitats away from cliffs while blue sheep selected habitats close to cliffs. Blue sheep also selected steep slopes whereas argali selected gentle slopes. The two species did not differ
in their use of habitats in terms of elevation. They did, however, differ in their use of plant communities; blue sheep selected sub-shrub and grass-dominated communities whilst argali selected forb-dominated communities. We suggest that the two species coexist in this site as a result of the differential use of habitat associated with their
species-specific anti-predator strategies. |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 505 |
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710 |
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Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Habitat Selection by a Snow Leopard in Hemis National Park, India |
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1990 |
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85-92 |
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habitat; Hemis; India; environemnt; behavior; homerange; home; range; movement; activity; kills; collars; browse; 4160 |
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Leif Blomqvist and Helesinki Zoo |
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Helsinki, Findland |
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L.Blomqvist |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow LeopardsPlace of Meeting: Alma-Ata, KazakstanDate of Copyright: 1990Series Volume ID: 6 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 211 |
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222 |
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Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Habitat shift and time budget of the Tibetan argali: the influence of livestock grazing |
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Miscellaneous |
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2007 |
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Ecological Resources |
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22 |
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25-31 |
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habitat shift; livestock; Tibetan argali; Time budget; trans-himalaya |
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Livestock production is the primary source of livelihood and income in most of the high steppe and alpine regions of the Indian Trans-Himalaya. In some areas, especially those established or proposed for biodiversity conservation, recent increases in populations of domestic livestock, primarily sheep and goats, have raised concern about domestic animals competitively excluding wild herbivores from the rangelands. We
evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use and time budget of the endangered Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in the proposed Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India. We asked if the domestic sheep and goat grazing and collateral human activities relegate the argali to suboptimal habitats, and alter their foraging time budgets. Data were collected on habitat use and time budget of a population of c. 50 argalis before and after c. 2,000 sheep and goats moved onto their winter pasture in the Tsabra catchment of the aforementioned reserve. Following the introduction of domestic sheep and goats, argalis continued to use the same catchment but shifted to steeper habitats, closer to cliffs, with lower vegetation cover, thus abandoning previously used plant communities with denser cover. Argalis' active time spent foraging also decreased by 10% in response to the presence of livestock. These results suggest a clear disturbance effect of livestock on argalis, and indicate a potential for competition, conceivably a significant disadvantage for argalis in winter when forage availability is minimal. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 926 |
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713 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Meiers, S.T. |
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Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Habitat use by captive puma (Felis concolor) and snow leopards (Pathera uncia) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1992 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1-74 |
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Keywords |
habitat; habitat use; use; captive; felis; Felis-concolor; concolor; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; park; zoo; 1990; observations; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; zoological; zoological gardens; zoological-gardens; gardens; behavior; species; Time budget; dens; Identity; Animals; Animal; non; Cats; cat; location; relief |
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Abstract |
Between May 1990 and January 1991, behavioral observations were made of two captive pumas (Felis concolor Linnaeus), and two captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber) in their outdoor exhibits at the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, Illinois. Behaviors compared within and between species included: 1) time spend in the different habitat types; 2) time budgets for the different behaviors: laying, moving, sitting, standing, crouching, in the tree, drinking, urinating, defecating, within their inside dens, and “behavior not determined” when the identity or behavior of the individuals could not be determined; and 3) mobility of the animals within their exhibits. Also examined were: 4) preferences for different habitat types; 5) recommendations for future exhibit designs. Both species located themselves within their exhibits in a non-random manner. The majority of cats' time was spent in elevated locations (i.e., gunite ledges approximately 1-5.5 m above ground-level). Snow leopards exhibited this tendency to a greater extent than did the pumas. Both species also spent the majority of their time in the lying-down behavior; again snow leopards displayed this tendency significantly more than the pumas. Pumas were highly mobile and changed locations and behaviors in their exhibit significantly more than the snow leopards. No significant differences were noted between conspecifics in regard to habitat type preference, or mobility within the exhibit. Suggestions for future exhibit design include elevated locations for the cats to lay and look around within and outside their exhibits, caves for access to shade or relief from inclement weather, and ground surfaces to move about on. Features for exhibit design should take into consideration the natural habitat of the cat to occupy the exhibit. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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DePaul University |
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A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of Master of Science at DePaul University. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1008 |
Serial |
673 |
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Permanent link to this record |