Records |
Author |
Ale, S.B. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
The Annapurna Conservation Area Project: A Case Study of an Integrated Conservation and Development Project in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
1997 |
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Pages |
155-169 |
Keywords |
conservation; annapurna; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; management; habitat; livestock; herders; herder; Acap; education; community-development; tourism; women; protected-area; browse; community; development; protected; area; 2960 |
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Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A. |
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English |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 394 |
Serial |
55 |
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Author |
Schaller, G. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Surveys of Mountain Wildlife in China, Report # 6 |
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Miscellaneous |
Year |
1987 |
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10 |
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Xinjiang; Tian-Shan; Tomur-Feng; tibetan-plateau; Altun; surveys; methods; hunting; livestock; grazing; browse; 4200 |
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Full Text Available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 408 |
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854 |
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Author |
Schaller, G. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Surveys of Mountain Wildlife in China, Report # 4 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1986 |
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Pages |
11 |
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Xinjiang; Tian-Shan; Tian; Taxkorgan; Horendaban-Shan; Horendaban; surveys; field-work; prey; livestock; hunting; poaching; herders; browse; 4210 |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 409 |
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853 |
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Khatiwada, J.R.; Chalise, M.K.; Kyes, R. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Survey of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) populations in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal. Final report |
Type |
Report |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-13 |
Keywords |
survey; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; populations; population; conservation; area; Nepal; Report; study; information; management; system; Slims; relative abundance; abundance; transects; transect; length; sign; scrapes; scrape; 20; feces; scent; pugmarks; hairs; Hair; using; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; patterns; herders; herder; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal |
Abstract |
This study was carried out in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Eastern Nepal from Feb – Nov 2007. We used the Snow Leopard Information Management System, SLIMS (second order survey technique) to determine the relative abundance of snow leopard in the upper part of KCA. Altogether, 36 transects (total length of 15.21 km) were laid down in the major three blocks of KCA. 104 Signs (77 scrapes, 20 feces, 2 Scent mark, 3 Pugmarks and 2 hairs) were recorded. Fixed-point count method was applied for blue sheep from appropriate vantage points. We counted total individual in each herd using 8x42 binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total of 43 herds and 1102 individuals were observed in the area. The standard SLIMS questionnaire was conducted to find out relevant information on livestock depredation patterns. Out of 35 households surveyed in KCA, 48% of herders lost livestock due to snow leopards. A total of 21 animals were reportedly lost due to snow leopards from August to September 2007. |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1070 |
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533 |
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Cunha, S.F. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Summits, snow leopards, farmers, and fighters: Will politics prevent a national park in the high Pamirs of Tajikistan? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Focus; New York |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-22 |
Keywords |
Tajikistan; Russia; Pamir; park; refuge; reserve; herders; poaching; livestock; herder; siberia; parks; protected-areas; reserves; browse; protected; area; areas; 1160 |
Abstract |
Tajikistan is the smallest, poorest and one of the most culturally diverse of the former Soviet Republics. The physical and cultural geography of the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan are described, and recent legislative action taken to create a proposed park and civil strife that may stop the park's creation are discussed. |
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Article is only partly legible. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 255 |
Serial |
228 |
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Khatiwada, J.R. & Chalise, M.K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Status of snow leopard and conflict perception in Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Eastern Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nepalese Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
Keywords |
Uncia uncia, Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, livestock depredation, blue sheep |
Abstract |
Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is situated in the Taplejung district at the north-eastern region of Nepal. Livestock keeping is the main activity of people for making a living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless the people – snow leopard conflicts is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard –especially the existence of snow leopard in this part of the world–will be in question. This has now become an utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and the area has been open to tourism. Study was done by counting snow leopard signs walking systematically in total 18 snow leopard sign transects covering 18.01 km in length in three sites, i.e. Lonak, Khambachen and Dudhpokhari of the Conservation Area. The average sign density was 12.63/km. The livestock depredation by snow leopard for one year (2005-06) was studied by interviewing the herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and economic factors. The study revealed that sub-adult yaks were mostly hunted by snow leopard. Cattle's' winter (December-April) pastures are most vulnerable sites for predation. Presence of bushes, forest and boulders and rugged mountain crevices make good hides for snow leopard. The study also showed that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow leopard. Blue sheep was observed by walking in selected trails and from vantage points. A total of 354 individual sheep of different age and sex of 14 different herds were recorded during the study period. The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the KCA it is still not well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. Proper guarding system required in winter pastures to reduce the depredation pressure. |
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September |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1319 |
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Author |
Kattel, B.; Bajimaya, S.S. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
21-27 |
Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; status; management; predator; prey; blue-sheep; distribution; ecology; habitat; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; livestock; herders; Dogs; herder; yak; goat; hunting; poaching; bone; trade; fur; pelt; pelts; coats; bones; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; 2280 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 316 |
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526 |
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Tserendeleg, J. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Mongolia |
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Conference Article |
Year |
1997 |
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42-47 |
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Mongolia; Macne; Altai; conservation; status; distribution; herder; herders; livestock; gobi; argali; ibex; scrapes; hunters; marmot; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; 2510 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 328 |
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971 |
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Norbu, U.P. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard In Bhutan |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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28-34 |
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Bhutan; livestock; predation; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; poaching; hunting; status; distribution; education; conservation; management; yaks; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 2420 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Lahore, India |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 321 |
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725 |
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Mallon, D.P. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
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56 |
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1 |
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101-119 |
Keywords |
Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800 |
Abstract |
The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed. |
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Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 175 |
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647 |
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Jackson, R. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
SSC Plan for Snow Leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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1992 |
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physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard |
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Full Text at URL
DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 201 |
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450 |
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Sharma, R. K., Sharma, K., Borchers, D., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Suryawanshi, K. S., Mishra, C. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Spatial variation in population-density, movement and detectability of snow leopards in
2 a multiple use landscape in Spiti Valley, Trans-Himalaya |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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bioRxiv |
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Co-existence; land sharing; population-density; spatial capture recapture; Pseudois nayaur
Capra sibirica; ungulates; livestock. |
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The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in human use landscapes in the mountains of South and Central Asia. Conservationists generally agree that snow leopards must be conserved through a land-sharing approach, rather than land-sparing in the form of strictly protected areas. Effective conservation through land-sharing requires a good understanding of how snow leopards respond to human use of the landscape. Snow leopard density is expected to show spatial variation within a landscape because of variation in the intensity of human use and the quality of habitat. However, snow leopards have been difficult to enumerate and monitor. Variation in the density of snow leopards remains undocumented, and the impact of human use on their populations is poorly understood. We examined spatial variation in snow leopard density in Spiti Valley, an important snow leopard landscape in India, via spatially explicit capture recapture analysis of camera trap data. We camera trapped an area encompassing a minimum convex polygon of 953 km . We estimated an overall density of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73) adult snow leopards per 100 km . Using AIC, our best model showed the density of snow leopards to depend on wild prey density, movement about activity centres to depend on altitude, and the expected number of encounters at the activity centre to depend on topography. Models that also used livestock biomass as a density covariate ranked second, but the effect of livestock was weak. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining high density pockets of wild prey populations in multiple use landscapes to enhance snow leopard conservation. |
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1620 |
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Xiao, L., Hua, F., Knops, J. M. H., Zhao, X., Mishra, C., Lovari, S., Alexander, J. S., Weckworth, B., Lu, Z. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Spatial separation of prey from livestock facilitates coexistence of a specialized large carnivore with human land use. |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Animal Conservation |
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1 - 10 |
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large carnivore; coexistence; prey; niche separation; land use; livestock; human– wildlife conflict; snow leopard. |
Abstract |
There is an increasing emphasis in conservation strategies for large carnivores on facilitating their coexistence with humans. Justification for coexistence strategies should be based on a quantitative assessment of currently remaining large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes. An essential part of a carnivore’s coexistence strategy has to rely on its prey. In this research, we studied snow leopards Panthera uncia whose habitat mainly comprises human-dominated, unprotected areas, to understand how a large carnivore and its primary prey, the bharal Pseudois nayaur, could coexist with human land use activities in a large proportion of its range. Using a combination of livestock census, camera trapping and wildlife surveys, across a broad gradient of livestock grazing intensity in a 363 000 km2 landscape on the Tibetan Plateau, we found no evidence of livestock grazing impacts on snow leopard habitat use, bharal density and spatial distribution, even though livestock density was 13 times higher than bharal density. Bharal were found to prefer utilizing more rugged habitats at higher elevations with lower grass forage conditions, whereas livestock dominated in flat valleys at lower elevations with higher productivity, especially during the resource-scarce season. These findings suggest that the spatial niche separation between bharal and livestock, together with snow leopards’ specialized bharal diet, minimized conflicts and allowed snow leopards and bharal to coexist in landscapes dominated by livestock grazing. In recent years, reduced hunting and nomadic herder’s lifestyle changes towards permanent residence may have further reinforced this spatial separation. Our results indicated that, for developing conservation strategies for large carnivores, the niche of their prey in relation to human land-use is a key variable that needs to be evaluated. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1678 |
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Jackson, R. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow Leopards, Local People and Livestock Losses: Finding solutions using Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action (APPA) in the Markha Valley of Hemis National Park, Ladakh, October 6-26, 1999 |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Cat News |
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31 |
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Autumn |
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22-23 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; local; local people; people; livestock; loss; using; participatory; planning; action; valley; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh |
Abstract |
Livestock depredation is emerging as a significant issue across the Himalaya, including the Hemis National Park (HNP) in Ladakh. Some consider that this protected area harbors the best snow leopard population in India, but local herders perceive the endangered snow leopard as a serious threat to their livelihood. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1018 |
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463 |
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Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopards, livestock management |
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Unsupported: Pamphlet |
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1986 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; livestock; management; Chinese; global |
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Xinjiang Conservation Fund & International Snow Leopard Trust |
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China |
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In Chinese. Supported by the Global Greengrant Fund, www.greengrants.org. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1082 |
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1015 |
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Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W.; Xuedong, L.; Yun, C. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow Leopards in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of Tibet Autonomous Region |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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85-95 |
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Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; preserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; field-study; blue-sheep; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; pug-marks; sign; transects; interviews; herders; livestock; predation; predator; traps; trapping; habitat; status; distribution; threats; hunting; pelts; skins; fur; coats; poaching; bones; medicine; Cites; conflict; trade; conservation; management; protected area; protected; area; areas; protected areas; field study; field; study; pug marks; blue; sheep; browse; pug; marks; 3490 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 231 |
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452 |
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Jiang, Z. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China |
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Report |
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2005 |
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1-8 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation |
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From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the
snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1068 |
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493 |
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McCarthy, T. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow Leopards in Mongolia |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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Mongolia; distribution; status; irbis; irbis-enterprises; herders; livestock; economy; conservation; gobi; habitat; Disease; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; hunting; poaching; skins; pelts; coats; furs; bones; trade; Macne; habitat-fragmentation; browse; enterprises; fragmentation; habitat fragmentation; 4090 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 383 |
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662 |
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Limbu, R. |
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Snow Leopards could save Mountain Biodiversity |
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Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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3 |
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Nepal; asia; poaching; herder; livestock; fur; fur-coats; medicine; herders; bone; bones; browse; fur coats; coat; 1060 |
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The woman in the picture is wrapped in a luxurious fur coat and hat. The distinctly spotted pelt is that of a snow leopard -- that elusive and endangered species found in the mountains of central and south Asia. “A coat like that would probably cost $60,000-$80,000 in a big shop,” said Dr Rodney Jackson at a presentation he made recently on the status of his favorite subject. “Fortunately, changing norms of the fashion world and increasing consumer awareness (mean that) fewer people are wearing snow leopard pelts,” noted Dr Jackson, Conservation Director of the International Snow Leopard Trust. Still, the threat of extinction persists, he warns. “The demand for fur may have gone down but the demand for bones and body parts as marketable items for use in traditional Chinese medicine has gone up.” Further, conflict with humans is rapidly becoming the single most important issue, he said. |
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Journal Title: Inter Press Service |
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SLN @ rana @ 370 |
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620 |
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OGara, B.W. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow Leopards and Sport Hunting in The Mongolian Peoples Republic |
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1988 |
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215-225 |
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Mongolia; gobi; Altai; ibex; argali; hunting; conservation; predator; prey; livestock; herder; herders; browse; 1790 |
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Logging, overgrazing, cultivating steep slopes and overhunting are endangering wildlife, especially big game, in many areas I am familiar with in China Nepal and Pakistan. Attempted solutions have included the formation of parks and closing hunting seasons. But, without hunting seasons in poor countries, little money is available to enforce gamelaws except in the parks. |
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International Snow Leopared Trust |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 123 |
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736 |
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Oli, M.K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopards and local human population in a protected area: a case study from the Nepalese Himalaya |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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51-64 |
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Nepal; Himalaya; herders; herder; livestock; conservation; annapurna; protected-area; park; parks; reserve; refuge; blue-sheep; predator; prey; habitat; radio-tracking; diet; scat; feces; fecal; marmot; Manang; poaching; hunting; pelts; skins; furs; coats; grazing; burning; trekking; tourism; education; religion; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; radio tracking; radio; tracking; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; 2110 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, Washington |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 240 |
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748 |
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Oli, M. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: Prey ratio |
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Miscellaneous |
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1994 |
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Journal of Mammalogy |
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75 |
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998-1004 |
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snow leopard,Panthera uncia,blue sheep,Pseudois nayaur,density,predator:prey ratio,harvest rate,livestock predation,Nepal |
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I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predatorprey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 105-km2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6-10.2 sheep/km2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diet of snow leopards. Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard :blue sheep ratio was 1 :1 14-1 :159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators. |
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SLN @ rana @ 894 |
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741 |
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Oli, M.K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: prey ratio |
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1994 |
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Journal of Mammalogy |
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75 |
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4 |
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998-1004 |
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Nepal; blue-sheep; prey; livestock; predation; blue; sheep; browse; 740; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; blue sheep; densities; density; predator |
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I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predator-prey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 10-5-km-2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km-2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6 10.2 sheep/km-2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km-2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diel of snow leopards Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard: blue sheep ratio was 1:114-1:159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators. |
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Document Type: English
Call Number: 599.05 JO |
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SLN @ rana @ 236 |
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746 |
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Kovshar A.F. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopard. Uncia uncia |
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1985 |
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85-86 |
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Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; diet; wild ibex; argali; number; breeding; poaching; over livestock; nature reserves.; 7400; Russian |
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In the Soviet Union snow leopard inhabits highlands of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Sayans. In Kazakhstan, this species can be found in Jungara Alatau, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, Saura, and Altai; formerly was seen at the Karatau ridge. It mostly preys on ibex and argali. The heat time is February April, cubs are born in May June. Its population has decrease because of the initiation of livestock grazing on mountain pastures, poaching, and wild ungulates population shrinkage. This species is protected in Aksu Jabagly and Almaty nature reserves. More nature reserves need to be established in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In the world of rare animals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 718 |
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584 |
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Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.E. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow leopard Panthera unica predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal |
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1994 |
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Biological Conservation |
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68 |
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1 |
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63-68 |
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predation; livestock; herders; goat; sheep; oxen; horse; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; snow-leopard; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; public attitudes; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; uncia; panthera; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; conservation; area; public; attitudes; 750 |
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Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and 0.7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people held strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed. |
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Document Type: English
Call Number: S900 .B5 |
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SLN @ rana @ 237 |
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747 |
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