Pollock, R. V., & Carmichael, L. E. (1983). Use of modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine to immunize dogs against canine parvovirus. Am J Vet Res, 44(2), 169–175.
Abstract: Modified live feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) vaccine protected dogs against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. However, unlike the long- lived (greater than or equal to 20-month) immunity engendered by CPV infection, the response of dogs to living FPLV was variable. Doses of FPLV (snow leopard strain) in excess of 10(5.7) TCID50 were necessary for uniform immunization; smaller inocula resulted in decreased success rates. The duration of immunity, as measured by the persistence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, was related to the magnitude of the initial response to vaccination; dogs with vigorous initial responses resisted oronasal CPV challenge exposure 6 months after vaccination, and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies persisted in such dogs for greater than 1 year. Limited replication of FPLV in dogs was demonstrated, but unlike CPV, the feline virus did not spread to contact dogs or cats. Adverse reactions were not associated with living FPLV vaccination, and FPLV did not interfere with simultaneous response to attenuated canine distemper virus.
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Vorobjov A.G. (2002). Ungulates (Artiodactyla) of the Western Tien Shan (Distribution and number within Kyrgyzstan).
Abstract: Materials on numbers and densities of 8 ungulates (Sus scrofa nigripes, Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus, Cervus elaphus, Cervus nippon, Cervus dama, Capra sibirica formosovi, Ovis ammon karelini, Bison bonasus) within the Chatkal …nd Talas Ranges are given. A critical analysis is also presented on prospects for development of the commercial hunting tourism as opportunities for additional assignments in measures on conservation of the Western Tien Shan biodiversity
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Khanyari, M., Zhumabai uulu, K., Luecke, S., Mishra, C.,
Suryawanshi, K. (2020). Understanding population baselines: status of mountain ungulate
populations in the Central Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan. Mammalia, , 1–8.
Abstract: We assessed the density of argali (Ovis ammon) and ibex
(Capra sibirica) in Sarychat-Ertash Nature Reserve and its neighbouring
Koiluu valley. Sarychat is a protected area, while Koiluu is a human-use
landscape which is a partly licenced hunting concession for mountain
ungulates and has several livestock herders and their permanent
residential structures. Population monitoring of mountain ungulates can
help in setting measurable conservation targets such as appropriate
trophy hunting quotas and to assess habitat suitability for predators
like snow leopards (Panthera uncia). We employed the double-observer
method to survey 573 km2 of mountain ungulate habitat inside Sarychat
and 407 km2 inside Koiluu. The estimated densities of ibex and argali in
Sarychat were 2.26 (95% CI 1.47–3.52) individuals km-2 and 1.54 (95% CI
1.01–2.20) individuals km-2, respectively. Total ungulate density in
Sarychat was 3.80 (95% CI 2.47–5.72) individuals km-2. We did not record
argali in Koiluu, whereas the density of ibex was 0.75 (95% CI
0.50–1.27) individuals km-2. While strictly protected areas can achieve
high densities of mountain ungulates, multi-use areas can harbour
meaningful
though suppressed populations. Conservation of mountain ungulates and
their predators can be enhanced by maintaining Sarychat-like “pristine”
areas interspersed within a matrix of multi-use areas like Koiluu.
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Bekenov A.B. (1989). Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776 (Vol. Part1. Vertebrate animals.).
Abstract: There is one subspecies U.u.uncia in Kazakhstan. It is distributed in the Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur, South Altai, and preys mainly on ibex, roe deer, argali, and marmots. Its litter consists of one to five cubs (normally two three). Female bears once in two years.
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Ognev S.I. (1935). Uncia uncia Sch., 1778. Irbis or snow leopard (Vol. Vol.3.).
Abstract: It describes identification signs and taxonomy of genus Uncia Gray and the only representative of genus Uncia uncia Sch., 1778, distribution and some features of the species' biology. A habitat of snow leopard includes the mountains of Central Asia from Kopet-Dag and northern Iran to the east along the mountain systems of Pamir, Turkestan, Gilgit, Tibet, Himalayas before the country Kam. On the north, snow leopard is met in Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans, and further eastward to the Yablonoviy and Stanovoy ridges reaching the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers.
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Esipov A.V. (2004). Ugam Chatkal State Nature Park (Vol. N1).
Abstract: There are endangered species as bear, snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot recorded in Western Tien Shan mountains. Wild boar, Siberian ibex, roe deer, wolf, badger, porcupine and red fox are rather numerous species on this area.
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Schmidt, R. E., Eisenbrandt, D. L., & Hubbard, G. B. (1984). Tyzzer's disease in snow leopards. J Comp Pathol, 94(1), 165–167.
Abstract: Tyzzer's disease was diagnosed histologically in 2 litters of newborn snow leopard kittens. The gross and histological lesions were similar to those reported in domestic cats and other animals. No signs of illness was noted in either of the snow leopard dams.
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Severtsov N.A. (1873). Travel within Turkestan region and mountain country Tien Shan survey.
Abstract: Snow leopard Felis irbis Ehrb inhabits in Tien Shan. Irbis was recorded in around of Issykul lake.
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Green, M. J. B., & Zhimbiev, B. (1997). Transboundary Protected Areas and Snow Leopard Conservation. In R.Jackson and A.Ahmad (Ed.), (pp. 194–202). Lahore, Pakistan: Islt.
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Matyushkin, E. N. (2000). Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 79((4)), 412–429.
Abstract: In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998.
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