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Author Thapa, K., Baral, S., Rahamajhi, S.
Title (up) Effectiveness of Human-Snow leopard co-existence measure- a systematic analysis Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Journal for Nature Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 76 Issue 126511 Pages 1-11
Keywords Community-based conservation, Himalayan, Snow leopard range countries
Abstract Snow leopards and agropastoral communities have co-existed in snow leopard range countries for centuries. The vulnerable snow leopard forms and maintains the entire ecosystem, serving as an indicator species of a healthy alpine ecosystem. However, snow leopards, on the other hand, habitually kill livestock, occasionally killing 100 or more livestock in a single night, resulting in snow leopard retaliation. Thus, the snow leopard is becoming more threatened, so more attention should be paid. Therefore, numerous conservation mitigation strategies have been applied to maintain human-snow leopard coexistence in countries of the snow leopard range. However, such implemented conservation strategies lacked a thorough assessment of their achievements or shortcomings in protecting the snow leopard and enhancing community tolerance. Therefore, we systematically examined and evaluated peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on existing and implemented mitigation measures. We use the software Publish or Perish to achieve this, and we assess using the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review approach. We thoroughly analyzed 42 papers and book chapters that were condensed human- snow leopard co-existence-related literature published in English from 2010 to 2023. Almost 90% of the papers were country-specific, with the remaining papers covering regional or snow leopard ranges countries. Nepal had the most papers, followed by China, India, and Mongolia; however, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan each had<10%, but there was no single document from Kazakhstan or Kyrgyzstan. Predator-proof corral, improved herding practices, and community-based insurance programs were three of the key recommendations that were more than 10 to 22 times proposed interventions. There are site-specific sociocultural situations and environments that require long-term action-oriented research that is area-specific rather than short-term and generic interventions. We identified a large knowledge gap in snow leopard research, specifically a lack of evidence that demonstrates and quantifies the effects of conservation actions, and strongly advise that it be further researched.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1735
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Author Sulser, C.E.; Steck, B.L.; Baur, B.
Title (up) Effects of construction noise on behaviour of and exhibit use by Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication International Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal
Volume 42 Issue Pages 199-205
Keywords behaviour; captive; construction noise; exhibit use; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo
Abstract Noise caused by human activities can cause stress in animals. We examined whether noise from construction sites affects the behaviour of and exhibit use by three Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo. The behaviour and location of the animals were recorded at 1 minute intervals, using the instantaneous scan sampling method over a period of 216 hours (104 hours on noisy days and 112 hours on quiet days). The animals differed individually in their responses to the construction noise. On noisy days, the Snow leopards generally spent less time in locomotion and more time resting, but even on quiet days, resting was the predominant behaviour performed. Under noisy conditions, they increased social resting and decreased resting alone. Walking and social walking were also reduced on noisy days. Furthermore, the Snow leopards spent considerably more time in the remote offexhibit enclosure under noisy conditions. Independent of background noise, they stayed more than half of the time in the caves and the forecourts of the outdoor enclosure. On quiet days, the Snow leopards used more sectors of their exhibit than on noisy days. The results indicate that the Snow leopards responded to construction noise by increasing the amount of time spent resting and by withdrawing to the remote parts of their exhibit.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 910 Serial 943
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Author Salvatori, M., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Krofel, M., Rovero, F.
Title (up) Effects of free-ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Ecological-Applications. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue e2644 Pages 1-13
Keywords activity pattern, community occupancy, grassland, interspecific interactions, livestock encroachment, snow leopard
Abstract Mammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased in recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land-use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence of livestock herds affects the community of wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas of the Mongolian Altai Mountains to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence and the interspecific relationships within a mammalian community that includes different categories of livestock. By adopting a recently proposed multispecies occupancy model that incorporates interspecific correlation in occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations in occupancy among species pairs, with the majority involving livestock. The sign of such associations was markedly species-dependent, with larger wild species of conservation concern, namely, snow leopard and Siberian ibex, avoiding livestock presence. As predicted, we found evidence of a positive correlation in occupancy between predators and their respective main prey. Contrary to our expectations, a number of intraguild species pairs also showed positive co-occurrence, with no evidence of spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, our study suggests that livestock encroaching into protected areas influences the whole local community of wild mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted with wildlife for millennia in central Asian grasslands, our findings suggest that policies and practices to decrease the pressure of livestock husbandry on wildlife are needed, with special attention on large species, such as the snow leopard and its wild prey, which seem to be particularly sensitive to this pervasive livestock presence.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1690
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Author Schneider, V.K.M.
Title (up) Einige bilder zur Aufzucht eines schneeleoparden Type Journal Article
Year 1936 Publication Dresden Zoological Garden Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 37-39
Keywords snow leopard, captivity, Leipzig Zoo, Germany
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Language German Summary Language Original Title
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1252
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Author Chundawat, R.S.
Title (up) Elusive leopard of the mountains Type Book Chapter
Year 1997 Publication In Danger: habitats, species and people Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 11-17
Keywords snow leopard, India
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Publisher Ranthambhore Foundation Place of Publication New Delhi, India Editor Manfredi, R.
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1198
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Author Sivolobov, R.
Title (up) ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 225-233
Keywords endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka
Abstract After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka

one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a

sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are

not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? &#65533; will show further studies.

In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large

mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age &#65533; the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these

animals his life and his article devoted to this topic.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1456
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Author Phillips, L.; Simmons, L.; Newton Kelley, E.
Title (up) Endodontics as a tool to compatibility in snow leopard pairings Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 127-128
Keywords breeding; captive; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1036 Serial 773
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Author Egorov O.V.
Title (up) Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex Type Miscellaneous
Year 1955 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 42. Issue Pages 37-50
Keywords Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian
Abstract Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 630 Serial 251
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Author Alexander, J. S., Bijoor, A., Gurmet, K., Murali, R., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
Title (up) Engaging women brings conservation benefits to snow leopard landscapes Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1 - 7
Keywords community conservation; gender; large carnivores; snow leopard; women
Abstract Protection of biodiversity requires inclusive and gender-responsive programming. Evidence of success in engaging women in large carnivore conservation remains scarce, however, although women play an important role in caring for livestock at risk of predation and could contribute to large-carnivore conservation. We aimed to assess the performance of an income-generation and skills-building programme for women in Spiti Valley (India) that sought to engage women in local conservation action. Annual programme monitoring together with a one-time survey of attitudes, perceptions and social norms in eight communities exposed to the conservation programme and seven ‘control’ communities revealed: a keen interest and increasing levels of women’s participation over 7 years of programme operation; participant reports of multiple programme benefits including additional personal income, social networking and travel opportunities; and more positive attitudes towards snow leopards among programme participants than among non-participants in the control communities. Women from programme communities recorded in their diaries 33 self-directed conservation actions including improving livestock protection and preventing wildlife poaching. These results show a way forward to purposively engage women in conservation programming towards achieving sustainable and equitable outcomes in efforts to promote carnivore–human coexistence.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1689
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Author Sokov A.I.
Title (up) Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 3. Issue Pages 27-29
Keywords Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian
Abstract In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 800 Serial 913
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