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	Author	McCarthy, T.
	Title	Ecology and Conservation of Snow Leopards, Gobi Brown Bears, and Wild Bactrian Camels in Mongolia			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard; Uncia uncia; Mongolia; radio-collar; habitat use; movements; ecology; wild camel; brown bear; 5340
	Abstract	Snow leopard ecology, distribution and abundance in Mongolia were studied between 1993 and 1999. I placed VHF and satellite radio-collars on 4 snow leopards, 2 males and 2 females, to determine home ranges, habitat use, movements, and activity. Home ranges of snow leopards in Mongolia were substantially larger than reported elsewhere. Males ranged over 61 – 142 km2 and female 58 to 1,590 km2. Cats had crepuscular activity patterns with daily movements averaging 5.1 km. Intraspecific distances averaged 1.3 km for males to 7.8 km for males. Leopards selected moderately to very-broken habitat with slopes > 20o, in areas containing ibex. Leopard distribution and abundance was determined using sign surveys. Leopard range in Mongolia is approximately 103,000 km2 but cats are not uniformly distributed within that range. High-density areas include the eastern and central Transaltai Gobi and the northern Altai ranges. Relative leopard densities compared well with relative ibex densities on a regional basis. A snow leopard conservation plan was drafted for Mongolia that identifies problems and threats, and provides an action plan. Wild Bactrian camels occur in the Great Gobi National Park (GGNP) and are thought to be declining due to low recruitment. I surveyed camels by jeep and at oases, observing 142 (4.2% young) and 183 (5.3% young) in 1997 and 1998. Current range was estimated at 33,300 km2. Some winter and calving ranges were recently abandoned. Track sizes and tooth ages from skulls were used to assess demographics. A deterministic model was produced that predicts camel extinction within 25 to 50 years under current recruitment rates and population estimates. Gobi brown bears are endemic to Mongolia and may number less than 35. Three population isolates may occur. I collected genetic material from bears at oases using hair traps. Microsatellite analyses of nuclear DNA determined sixteen unique genotypes, only two of which occurred at more than one oases. Genetic diversity was very low with expected heterozygosity = 0.32, and alleles per locus = 2.3. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were compared to other clades of brown bear and found to fall outside of all known lineages.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	University of Massachusetts, Amherst	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 519			Serial	663
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	Author	Volozheninov N.N.
	Title	Ecology of some mammals in western part of the Hissar ridge			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	92-101
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar ridge; number; diet; enemies; preys; Siberian ibex; snow leopard.; 8510; Russian
	Abstract	Additional data on Lepus tolai, Ochotona rutila, Citellus relictus, Marmota caudata, Sus scrofa, Capra sibirica in western part of the Hissar ridge, Uzbekistan, is given here based on materials of the years 1978-1983. Information about distribution of these species, their numbers, food, enemies, and other ecologic issues is provided. Capra sibirica is a principle species snow leopard preys on. In 1899 1983, the authors recorded more than 20 cases of snow leopards' killing ibex of different ages.
	Address
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology, protection and introduction of vertebrate species in Uzbekistan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 828			Serial	990
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	Author	Ikeda, N.
	Title	*Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia* in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya**			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2004	Publication	Environmental Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	31	Issue		Pages	322-330
	Keywords	herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard
	Abstract	It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage.
	Address
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	Notes	Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 906			Serial	402
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	Author	Krever V.
	Title	Ecosystems of the High Mountains Species of Special Interest in Uzbekistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	55-59
	Keywords	Central Asia; mountain ecosystem; fauna; vertebrates; endangered species; threats; protected areas network; snow leopard.; 7470; Russian
	Abstract	It gives description complexes of mountain ecosystems fauna of Central Asia, endangered vertebrates, main threats to biodiversity and existing protected areas network. Among the rare animal species of the alpine and subalpine meadows first of all should be listed the West Tien Shan endemic, the Menzbier's marmot (Marmota menzbien); the markhor wild goat which still inhabits the Vakhsh range in Tadjikistan; the dhole (Cyon alpinus) which is practically extinct; the Tien Shan bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus), and the snow leopard (Uncia uncia); among birds, the wlute-chested dove (Columba leuconota), sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes tibetanus, snowcocks (Tetraogallus tibetanus, T.altaicus) and bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus).
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity Conservation in Central Asia. An Analysis of Biodiversity and Current Threats and Initial Investment Portfolio.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 725			Serial	596
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	Author	Chalise, M.K.; Shakya, P.R.
	Title	EDITORIAL: Snow Leopard Investigation in Langtang			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Nahson Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12-13	Issue	2002-2003	Pages	1-1
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Langtang
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Natural History Society of Nepal	Place of Publication	Kathmandu	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1097			Serial	210
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	Author	Thapa, K., Baral, S., Rahamajhi, S.
	Title	Effectiveness of Human-Snow leopard co-existence measure- a systematic analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal for Nature Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	76	Issue	126511	Pages	1-11
	Keywords	Community-based conservation, Himalayan, Snow leopard range countries
	Abstract	Snow leopards and agropastoral communities have co-existed in snow leopard range countries for centuries. The vulnerable snow leopard forms and maintains the entire ecosystem, serving as an indicator species of a healthy alpine ecosystem. However, snow leopards, on the other hand, habitually kill livestock, occasionally killing 100 or more livestock in a single night, resulting in snow leopard retaliation. Thus, the snow leopard is becoming more threatened, so more attention should be paid. Therefore, numerous conservation mitigation strategies have been applied to maintain human-snow leopard coexistence in countries of the snow leopard range. However, such implemented conservation strategies lacked a thorough assessment of their achievements or shortcomings in protecting the snow leopard and enhancing community tolerance. Therefore, we systematically examined and evaluated peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on existing and implemented mitigation measures. We use the software Publish or Perish to achieve this, and we assess using the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review approach. We thoroughly analyzed 42 papers and book chapters that were condensed human- snow leopard co-existence-related literature published in English from 2010 to 2023. Almost 90% of the papers were country-specific, with the remaining papers covering regional or snow leopard ranges countries. Nepal had the most papers, followed by China, India, and Mongolia; however, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan each had<10%, but there was no single document from Kazakhstan or Kyrgyzstan. Predator-proof corral, improved herding practices, and community-based insurance programs were three of the key recommendations that were more than 10 to 22 times proposed interventions. There are site-specific sociocultural situations and environments that require long-term action-oriented research that is area-specific rather than short-term and generic interventions. We identified a large knowledge gap in snow leopard research, specifically a lack of evidence that demonstrates and quantifies the effects of conservation actions, and strongly advise that it be further researched.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1735
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	Author	Sulser, C.E.; Steck, B.L.; Baur, B.
	Title	Effects of construction noise on behaviour of and exhibit use by Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	International Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue		Pages	199-205
	Keywords	behaviour; captive; construction noise; exhibit use; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo
	Abstract	Noise caused by human activities can cause stress in animals. We examined whether noise from construction sites affects the behaviour of and exhibit use by three Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo. The behaviour and location of the animals were recorded at 1 minute intervals, using the instantaneous scan sampling method over a period of 216 hours (104 hours on noisy days and 112 hours on quiet days). The animals differed individually in their responses to the construction noise. On noisy days, the Snow leopards generally spent less time in locomotion and more time resting, but even on quiet days, resting was the predominant behaviour performed. Under noisy conditions, they increased social resting and decreased resting alone. Walking and social walking were also reduced on noisy days. Furthermore, the Snow leopards spent considerably more time in the remote offexhibit enclosure under noisy conditions. Independent of background noise, they stayed more than half of the time in the caves and the forecourts of the outdoor enclosure. On quiet days, the Snow leopards used more sectors of their exhibit than on noisy days. The results indicate that the Snow leopards responded to construction noise by increasing the amount of time spent resting and by withdrawing to the remote parts of their exhibit.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 910			Serial	943
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	Author	Salvatori, M., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Krofel, M., Rovero, F.
	Title	Effects of free-ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Ecological-Applications.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	e2644	Pages	1-13
	Keywords	activity pattern, community occupancy, grassland, interspecific interactions, livestock encroachment, snow leopard
	Abstract	Mammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased in recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land-use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence of livestock herds affects the community of wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas of the Mongolian Altai Mountains to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence and the interspecific relationships within a mammalian community that includes different categories of livestock. By adopting a recently proposed multispecies occupancy model that incorporates interspecific correlation in occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations in occupancy among species pairs, with the majority involving livestock. The sign of such associations was markedly species-dependent, with larger wild species of conservation concern, namely, snow leopard and Siberian ibex, avoiding livestock presence. As predicted, we found evidence of a positive correlation in occupancy between predators and their respective main prey. Contrary to our expectations, a number of intraguild species pairs also showed positive co-occurrence, with no evidence of spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, our study suggests that livestock encroaching into protected areas influences the whole local community of wild mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted with wildlife for millennia in central Asian grasslands, our findings suggest that policies and practices to decrease the pressure of livestock husbandry on wildlife are needed, with special attention on large species, such as the snow leopard and its wild prey, which seem to be particularly sensitive to this pervasive livestock presence.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1690
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	Author	Schneider, V.K.M.
	Title	Einige bilder zur Aufzucht eines schneeleoparden			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1936	Publication	Dresden Zoological Garden	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	37-39
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, Leipzig Zoo, Germany
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1252
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	Author	Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Elusive leopard of the mountains			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1997	Publication	In Danger: habitats, species and people	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	11-17
	Keywords	snow leopard, India
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Ranthambhore Foundation	Place of Publication	New Delhi, India	Editor	Manfredi, R.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1198
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	Author	Sivolobov, R.
	Title	ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	225-233
	Keywords	endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka
	Abstract	After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? � will show further studies. In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age � the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these animals his life and his article devoted to this topic.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1456
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	Author	Phillips, L.; Simmons, L.; Newton Kelley, E.
	Title	Endodontics as a tool to compatibility in snow leopard pairings			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1982	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	127-128
	Keywords	breeding; captive; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Helsinki Zoo	Place of Publication	Helsinki	Editor	Blomqvist, L.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1036			Serial	773
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	Author	Egorov O.V.
	Title	Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1955	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 42.	Issue		Pages	37-50
	Keywords	Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian
	Abstract	Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 630			Serial	251
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Bijoor, A., Gurmet, K., Murali, R., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
	Title	Engaging women brings conservation benefits to snow leopard landscapes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Environmental Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1 - 7
	Keywords	community conservation; gender; large carnivores; snow leopard; women
	Abstract	Protection of biodiversity requires inclusive and gender-responsive programming. Evidence of success in engaging women in large carnivore conservation remains scarce, however, although women play an important role in caring for livestock at risk of predation and could contribute to large-carnivore conservation. We aimed to assess the performance of an income-generation and skills-building programme for women in Spiti Valley (India) that sought to engage women in local conservation action. Annual programme monitoring together with a one-time survey of attitudes, perceptions and social norms in eight communities exposed to the conservation programme and seven ‘control’ communities revealed: a keen interest and increasing levels of women’s participation over 7 years of programme operation; participant reports of multiple programme benefits including additional personal income, social networking and travel opportunities; and more positive attitudes towards snow leopards among programme participants than among non-participants in the control communities. Women from programme communities recorded in their diaries 33 self-directed conservation actions including improving livestock protection and preventing wildlife poaching. These results show a way forward to purposively engage women in conservation programming towards achieving sustainable and equitable outcomes in efforts to promote carnivore–human coexistence.
	Address
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1689
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	Author	Sokov A.I.
	Title	Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 3.	Issue		Pages	27-29
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian
	Abstract	In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 800			Serial	913
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	Author	Kadamshoev M.
	Title	Establishment of highland nature reserves required			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part 1.	Issue		Pages	227-228
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Pamir; Mountain Badakhshan; nature reserves; endemics; rare species; snow leopard; tourism.; 7030; Russian
	Abstract	Human population growth in the Mountain Badakhshan autonomous province will result in changes of wild life habitat. The first highland nature reserve (Muksu river basin) is proposed to be established within the habitat of Marco Polo sheep, Siberian ibex, Tien Shan brown bear, snow leopard, Himalayan and Tibetan snow-cock, bar-headed goose, bearded and Himalayan vultures. The Mountain Badakhshan nature reserve will serve as a reference for other highland landscapes of the USSR, a `fiduciary' of gene bank containing valuable endemic, rare, and endangered animal and plant species.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 681			Serial	509
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D.
	Title	Estimating Snow Leopard Population Abundance Using Photography and Capture-Recapture Techniques			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2006	Publication	Wildlife Society Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	34	Issue	3	Pages	772-781
	Keywords	abundance; camera trapping; capture rates; dentistry; identification; India; photography; snow leopard; Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncial) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16-30 kmý sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patters located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE+0.22) individuals per 100 kmý in 2003 to 4.45 (SE+0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 912			Serial	476
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	Author	Dustov J.
	Title	Evaluation of current status of large mammals in the Chatkal nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-92
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6510; Russian
	Abstract	The counts of species populations such as Menzbier's marmot, roe-deer, ibex, wild boar, wolf, Tien Shan brown bear, and snow leopard has been made on permanent transects in the Chatkal reserve for 18 years. Data on of the population numbers is provided. 11 encounters with snow leopard were registered during a period of 1975 through 1979. Two encounters were recorded in 2000.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan: protection and sustainable use.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 629			Serial	247
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	Author	Poyarkov, A.D.; Samoylova, G.S.; Subbotin, A.E.
	Title	Evaluation of Potential Habitats of Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia, Schreb.) In Altay-Khangay-Sayan Region and in Territory of Russian Federation: GIS Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; uncia; habitat; Forest; desert; tundra; territory; landscape; steppe; alpine; gorge; valley; land; use; region; potential; area; 5040
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Islt	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle, WA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 490			Serial	788
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	Author	Kosharev, E.P.
	Title	Excerpts from “The snow leopard in Kirgizia”			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Snow Line	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue	2	Pages	7-8
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; population
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Translation by Kathleen Braden from Chapter 3, “Distribution and population of snow leopard in Kirgizia” from the following book: “The Snow Leopard of Kirgizia” by E.P. Kosharev, published in 1989 by Ilum Publishers.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 968			Serial	552
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	Author	McGregor, T..; Hammer, M.
	Title	Expedition report: Surveying snow leopards and other animals in the mountains of the Altai Republic, central Asia			Type	Report
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	60
	Keywords	Altai, snow leopard
	Abstract	This study was part of an expedition to the Altai mountains in the Kosh Agach region of the Altai Republic, run by Biosphere Expeditions from 6 July to 29 August 2003. The aim was to conduct the first survey of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in this area, as well as surveying the snow leopard’s main prey species; in this case argali (Ovis amon) and Siberian ibex (Capra ibex sibirica) together with secondary prey species. Using the Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), presence/absence surveys (SLIMS form 1) of snow leopard and prey species were conducted throughout the study period across the entire survey area (approximately 200 sq km). Interviews with local, semi-nomadic herders also formed an important part of the research procedure. cat collected in the field was sent to Brunel University where it is awaiting DNA analysis. The expedition also collected data on local geology and generated mammal, bird and plant inventories. Surveying a very large study area without snow cover made it difficult to find signs of snow leopard and primary prey species. Despite these constraints, snow leopard sign was found in each of the four two-week slots of the expedition. The field evidence indicated there was at least one resident adult. This, together with evidence from local people, confirmed the importance of the study area as a habitat for snow leopard and as a corridor for snow leopard dispersal. The survey area urgently needs protection but involving the local community is vital if conservation initiatives are to succeed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Biosphere Expeditions	Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Expedition dates: 6 July – 29 August 2003			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1147
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	Author	Weilemann P.
	Title	Experiences in births of snow leopards in Zurich Zoo			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1982	Publication	International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	111-116
	Keywords	birth; captive; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo
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	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Helsinki Zoo	Place of Publication	Helsinki	Editor	Blomqvist, L.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1043			Serial	1012
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	Author	Zhirnov L.V.
	Title	Extinct mammals of the USSR fauna and their distribution over natural zones			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1975	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	83-84
	Keywords	rare species; extinct species; desert; semi desert; mountain; highly mountain; Forest; forest-steppe; riverine forests; aquatic zone; snow leopard.; 8730; Russian
	Abstract	18 taxons of rare and endangered mammals of the USSR are distributed over natural zones such as deserts and semi-deserts including riverine forests and elevations; mountains and highlands; forests and forest-steppe; and offshore strips of closed seas. A majority of endangered species is associated with deserts and mountains of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Urgent issues of zoogeography.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 850			Serial	1079
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Gopalswamy, A. M., Shi, K., Riordan, P.
	Title	Face Value: Towards Robust Estimates of Snow Leopard Densities			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Plos One	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Densities, Snow Leopard, Camera traps, Spatial Capture Recapture models
	Abstract	When densities of large carnivores fall below certain thresholds, dramatic ecological effects can follow, leading to oversimplified ecosystems. Understanding the population status of such species remains a major challenge as they occur in low densities and their ranges are wide. This paper describes the use of non-invasive data collection techniques combined with recent spatial capture-recapture methods to estimate the density of snow leopards Panthera uncia. It also investigates the influence of environmental and human activity indicators on their spatial distribution. A total of 60 camera traps were systematically set up during a three-month period over a 480 km2 study area in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. We recorded 76 separate snow leopard captures over 2,906 trapdays, representing an average capture success of 2.62 captures/100 trap-days. We identified a total number of 20 unique individuals from photographs and estimated snow leopard density at 3.31 (SE = 1.01) individuals per 100 km2. Results of our simulation exercise indicate that our estimates from the Spatial Capture Recapture models were not optimal to respect to bias and precision (RMSEs for density parameters less or equal to 0.87). Our results underline the critical challenge in achieving sufficient sample sizes of snow leopard captures and recaptures. Possible performance improvements are discussed, principally by optimising effective camera capture and photographic data quality.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1431
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	Author	Karki, A., Panthi, S.
	Title	Factors affecting livestock depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Himalayan region of Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	PeerJ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	e11575	Pages	1-14
	Keywords	Conflict,Habitat,Himalaya,Livestockdepredation,Modeling,Snowleopard,Wildlife management
	Abstract	The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) found in central Asia is classified as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Every year, large number of livestock are killed by snow leopards in Nepal, leading to economic loss to local communities and making human-snow leopard conflict a major threat to snow leopard conservation. We conducted formal and informal stakeholder’s interviews to gather information related to livestock depredation with the aim to map the attack sites by the snow leopard. These sites were further validated by district forest office staffs to assess sources of bias. Attack sites older than 3 years were removed from the survey. We found 109 attack sites and visited all the sites for geo location purpose (GPS points of all unique sites were taken). We maintained at least a 100 m distance between attack locations to ensure that each attack location was unique, which resulted in 86 unique locations. A total of 235 km2 was used to define livestock depredation risk zone during this study. Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, we found that distance to livestock sheds, distance to paths, aspect, and distance to roads were major contributing factors to the snow leopard’s attacks. We identified 13.64 km2 as risk zone for livestock depredation from snow leopards in the study area. Furthermore, snow leopards preferred to attack livestock near livestock shelters, far from human paths and at moderate distance from motor roads. These identified attack zones should be managed both for snow leopard conservation and livestock protection in order to balance human livelihoods while protecting snow leopards and their habitats.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1640
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