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Author Chapron, G. url 
  Title (down) Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 437 Issue Pages 318  
  Keywords Acinonyx jubatus, carnivore, coexistence, conservation, damage prevention, Panthera leo, snow leopard, survival, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Letter to Nature Editor, in response to: In their plea for bringing Pleistocene wildlife to the New World (“Re-wilding North America” Nature 436, 913–914; 2005), Josh Donlan and colleagues do not discuss successful efforts to ensure long-term survival of large carnivores in Africa and Asia. A few examples are given.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1114  
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Author Zakirov A. url 
  Title (down) Rare and endangered predatory species in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 47-48  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; carnivores; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8690; Russian  
  Abstract There are 20 predatory mammal species in Uzbekistan. Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, lynx, and snow leopard are very rare species, while honey badger, manul and leopard are close to dying-away.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology of mountain mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 846 Serial 1071  
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Author Dementiev G.P. url 
  Title (down) Quadrupeds inhabitants of the mountains Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1967 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 110-116  
  Keywords asia; mountain fauna; endemics; species range; rodents; ungulates; carnivores; marmots; pikas; voles; ibex; mountain sheep; snow leopard.; 6480; Russian  
  Abstract All species inhabiting the highlands of Asia are normally referred to as herbivorous or predators. A majority of alpine land species (rodents and ungulates) feeds upon leaves, stalks, and roots of plants. Among widely distributed highland species the most interesting are marmots, red pica, grey vole, argali, and ibex. Argali and ibex are preyed on by snow leopards. There are reasons to believe that these mountain animal species are more ancient than their cognates in a plain. All the way from Central Asia to Europe, species belonging to the eastern and western fauna complexes are observed to interpenetrate.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In severe cold and heat. (Animal and landscape). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 626 Serial 235  
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Author Ismagilov M.I. url 
  Title (down) Protection of rare mammals in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 230-232  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; nature reserves; mammals; rare species; ungulates; carnivores; rodents; insectivores; bats; snow leopard.; 6990; Russian  
  Abstract The following rare mammals can be found in nature reserves of Kazakhstan: argali, goitered gazelle, kulan, snow leopard, stone marten, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, Menzbier's marmot, and porcupine. The rest of rare mammal species (three insectivorous species, seven rodent, eight predator, and two ungulate species) are outside of protected areas and require special protection measures.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Population variability of species, and mammal gene bank conservation problems. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 677 Serial 424  
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Author Kovshar A.F. url 
  Title (down) Preservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 100-107  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; gene pool; rare species; mammals; ungulates; carnivores; snow leopard; rodents; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes.; 7360; Russian  
  Abstract The rare species are protected in six nature reserves in Kazakhstan, including 9 mammals, 29 birds, and one reptile species. More than 20 rare and endangered species inhabiting Kazakhstan cannot be met within the nature reserves. The point is to establish a network of state nature reserves, particularly in steppe and desert area of the country.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The nature conservation in Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 714 Serial 581  
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Author Kachel, S., Anderson, K., Shokirov, Q. pdf 
  Title (down) Predicting carnivore habitat use and livestock depredation risk with false-positive multi-state occupancy models Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 271 Issue 109588 Pages 1-10  
  Keywords Bayesian hierarchical model,False-positive,Multi-state occupancy,Human-carnivore conflict,Livestock depredation,Snow leopard,Lynx,Wolf,Bear  
  Abstract The cycle of livestock depredation and retaliatory killing constitutes a major threat to large carnivores worldwide and imposes considerable hardships on human communities. Mitigation efforts are often undertaken with little knowledge of ecological underpinnings and patterns of depredation, limiting conservationists' ability to develop, prioritize, and evaluate solutions. Carnivore detection and depredation data from interviews in affected communities may help address this gap, but such data are often prone to false-positive uncertainty. To address these challenges in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan we collected snow leopard, lynx, wolf, and bear detection and depredation reports from local communities via semi-structured interviews. We used a novel hierarchical multi-species multi-state occupancy model that accounted for potential false-positives to investigate carnivore site use and depredation concurrently with respondents' apparent vulnerability to that risk. Estimated false-positive probabilities were small, but failure to account for them overstated site use probabilities and depredation risk for all species. Although individual vulnerability was low, depredation was nonetheless commonplace. Carnivore site use was driven by clear habitat associations, but we did not identify any clearly important large-scale spatial correlates of depredation risk despite considerable spatial variation in that risk. Respondents who sheltered livestock in household corrals reinforced with wire mesh were less likely to report snow leopard depredations. Reducing depredation and retaliation at adequately large scales in the Pamirs will likely require a portfolio of species-specific strategies, including widespread proactive corral improvements. Our approach expanded inference on the often-cryptic processes surrounding human-carnivore conflict even though structured wildlife data were scarce.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1681  
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Author Elkin K.F. url 
  Title (down) Predatory mammals in the Eastern Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 34-36  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; carnivores; snow leopard.; 6530; Russian  
  Abstract There are 20 predatory mammal species in eastern Kazakhstan, three of which disappeared (tiger, dhole, raccoon), five are endangered (snow leopard, wild cat, manul, marbled polecat, and stone marten). Snow leopard is not met in the South Altai and Tarbagatai each year.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 631 Serial 252  
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Author Cherkasova M.V. url 
  Title (down) Predators Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 15  
  Keywords Ussr; Red Data book; mammals; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard.; 6420; Russian  
  Abstract Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: They must live. Mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 620 Serial 215  
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Author Suryawanshi, K.R., Bhatnagar, Y. V. B., Redpath, S., Mishra, C. url 
  Title (down) People, predators and perceptions: patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 50 Issue Pages 550-560  
  Keywords Canis lupus, Capra ibex, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivores, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya  
  Abstract 1. Livestock depredation by large carnivores is an important conservation and economic concern

and conservation management would benefit from a better understanding of spatial variation

and underlying causes of depredation events. Focusing on the endangered snow leopard

Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus, we identify the ecological factors that predispose

areas within a landscape to livestock depredation. We also examine the potential mismatch

between reality and human perceptions of livestock depredation by these carnivores whose

survival is threatened due to persecution by pastoralists.

2. We assessed the distribution of the snow leopard, wolf and wild ungulate prey through field

surveys in the 4000 km2 Upper Spiti Landscape of trans-Himalayan India. We interviewed local

people in all 25 villages to assess the distribution of livestock and peoples’ perceptions of the risk

to livestock from these carnivores. We monitored village-level livestock mortality over a 2-year

period to assess the actual level of livestock depredation. We quantified several possibly influential

independent variables that together captured variation in topography, carnivore abundance

and abundance and other attributes of livestock. We identified the key variables influencing livestock

depredation using multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical partitioning.

3. Our results revealed notable differences in livestock selectivity and ecological correlates of

livestock depredation – both perceived and actual – by snow leopards and wolves. Stocking

density of large-bodied free-ranging livestock (yaks and horses) best explained people’s threat

perception of livestock depredation by snow leopards, while actual livestock depredation was

explained by the relative abundance of snow leopards and wild prey. In the case of wolves,

peoples’ perception was best explained by abundance of wolves, while actual depredation by

wolves was explained by habitat structure.

4. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that (i) human perceptions can be at odds

with actual patterns of livestock depredation, (ii) increases in wild prey populations will intensify

livestock depredation by snow leopards, and prey recovery programmes must be accompanied

by measures to protect livestock, (iii) compensation or insurance programmes should

target large-bodied livestock in snow leopard habitats and (iv) sustained awareness

programmes are much needed, especially for the wolf.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1396  
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Author Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Filla, T., Heurich, M., Balkenhol, N., Waltert, M., Khorozyan, I. url  doi
  Title (down) Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and effects of intervention strategies: lessons from the Nepalese Himalaya Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Wildlife Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Annapurna, co-existence, conservation biology, highland communities, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivore, livestock depredation, Panthera uncia, prey selection, snow leopard.  
  Abstract Context: Large carnivores are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, and their protection is among the main goals of biodiversity conservation. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits high-mountain landscapes where livestock depredation drives it into conflicts with local people and poses an obstacle for its conservation.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the livestock groups most vulnerable to depredation, target them in implementation of practical interventions, and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for conflict mitigation. We present a novel attempt to evaluate intervention strategies for particularly vulnerable species, age groups, time, and seasons.

Methods: In 2020, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two regions of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal (Manang, n = 146 respondents and Upper Mustang, n = 183). We applied sample comparison testing, Jacobs’ selectivity index, and generalised linear models (GLMs) to assess rates and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of depredation, reveal vulnerable livestock groups, analyse potential effects of applied intervention strategies, and identify husbandry factors relevant to depredation.

Key results: Snow leopard predation was a major cause of livestock mortality in both regions (25.4–39.8%), resulting in an estimated annual loss of 3.2–3.6% of all livestock. The main intervention strategies (e.g. corrals during night-time and herding during daytime) were applied inconsistently and not associated with decreases in reported livestock losses. In contrast, we found some evidence that dogs, deterrents (light, music playing, flapping tape, and dung burning), and the use of multiple interventions were associated with a reduction in reported night-time depredation of yaks.

Conclusions and implications: We suggest conducting controlled randomised experiments for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of dogs, deterrents, and the use of multiple interventions, and widely applying the most effective ones in local communities. This would benefit the long-term co-existence of snow leopards and humans in the Annapurna region and beyond.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1684  
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