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Author Johansson, O., Nyam, E., Lkhagvajav, P., Alexander, J. A., Samelius, G. pdf 
  Title (up) Predation Patterns and Hunting Behaviour of Snow Leopards: Insights from an Ibex Hunt Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Snow Leopard Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 6-9  
  Keywords ambush, Capra sibirica, kill site, mountain, Panthera uncia  
  Abstract The hunting behaviours of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are poorly understood. In this note, we describe the successful hunt of an adult male ibex (Capra sibirica) by a known male snow leopard in Tost Mountains, Mongolia. The hunt started in a mountain slope close to three large boulders and progressed downhill for 115 m until it concluded at the bottom of a drainage. By comparing the habitat where the ibex was killed to the kill sites of 158 ibex and 17 argali (Ovis ammon) that were killed by GPS-collared snow leopards, we demonstrate that the majority (62%) of these kills occurred in drainages. We propose that in successful hunts, snow leopards commonly ambush from above, causing prey individuals to typically flee downhill. Thereby the prey maintain their momentum and it is not until they are slowed down upon reaching the bottom of the drainage that the snow leopards are able to subdue them.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1730  
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Author Saparbayev; S.K.; Woodward, D.B. url 
  Title (up) Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) as an Indicator Species and Increasing Recreation Loads in the Almaty Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows i  
  Volume Issue Pages 511-515  
  Keywords snow leopard (Uncia uncia),Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica),Almaty Nature Reserve,Kazakhstan,ecotrail; 200  
  Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the data on ecology, biology and dynamics of snow leopard population in the Almaty Nature Reserve and to identify if the increasing numbers of ecotourists could contribute to the decrease of Uncia uncia population. The results of the study show that increasing recreation loads in the Reserve and adjacent territories elevate the disturbance level to the snow leopard's main prey Siberian Ibex and to the predator itself that could result in a decrease of population of this endangered species or its total extinction.  
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  Notes Conference in Montecatini Terme, Italy. 14-19 October 2008. Proceedings edited by Antonio Raschi and Sonia Trampetti. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 882 Serial 843  
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Author Sharma, R. K., Sharma, K., Borchers, D., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Suryawanshi, K. S., Mishra, C. url 
  Title (up) Spatial variation in population-density, movement and detectability of snow leopards in 2 a multiple use landscape in Spiti Valley, Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication bioRxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Co-existence; land sharing; population-density; spatial capture recapture; Pseudois nayaur Capra sibirica; ungulates; livestock.  
  Abstract The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in human use landscapes in the mountains of South and Central Asia. Conservationists generally agree that snow leopards must be conserved through a land-sharing approach, rather than land-sparing in the form of strictly protected areas. Effective conservation through land-sharing requires a good understanding of how snow leopards respond to human use of the landscape. Snow leopard density is expected to show spatial variation within a landscape because of variation in the intensity of human use and the quality of habitat. However, snow leopards have been difficult to enumerate and monitor. Variation in the density of snow leopards remains undocumented, and the impact of human use on their populations is poorly understood. We examined spatial variation in snow leopard density in Spiti Valley, an important snow leopard landscape in India, via spatially explicit capture recapture analysis of camera trap data. We camera trapped an area encompassing a minimum convex polygon of 953 km . We estimated an overall density of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73) adult snow leopards per 100 km . Using AIC, our best model showed the density of snow leopards to depend on wild prey density, movement about activity centres to depend on altitude, and the expected number of encounters at the activity centre to depend on topography. Models that also used livestock biomass as a density covariate ranked second, but the effect of livestock was weak. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining high density pockets of wild prey populations in multiple use landscapes to enhance snow leopard conservation.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1620  
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Author Taubmann, J., Sharma, K., Uulu, K Z., Hines, J. E., Mishra, C. url 
  Title (up) Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Fauna & Flora International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-11  
  Keywords Capra sibirica, local knowledge, Lynx lynx, occupancy modelling, Ovis ammon polii, Panthera uncia, Ursus arctos  
  Abstract The Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs

in the Central Asian Mountains, which cover c.  million

km. Little is known about its status in the Kyrgyz Alay

Mountains, a relatively narrow stretch of habitat connecting

the southern and northern global ranges of the species. In

 we gathered information on current and past (,

the last year of the Soviet Union) distributions of snow leopards

and five sympatric large mammals across , km

of the Kyrgyz Alay.We interviewed  key informants from

local communities. Across  -km grid cells we obtained

, and  records of species occurrence (site

use) in  and , respectively. The data were analysed

using themulti-season site occupancy framework to incorporate

uncertainty in detection across interviewees and time

periods. High probability of use by snow leopards in the past

was recorded in .% of the Kyrgyz Alay. Between the two

sampling periods % of sites showed a high probability of

local extinction of snow leopard. We also recorded high

probability of local extinction of brown bear Ursus arctos

(% of sites) and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon polii

(% of sites), mainly in regions used intensively by people.

Data indicated a high probability of local colonization by

lynx Lynx lynx in % of the sites. Although wildlife has

declined in areas of central and eastern Alay, regions in

the north-west, and the northern and southern fringes

appear to retain high conservation value.
 
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1432  
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Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title (up) Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Biological-Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 53-71  
  Keywords Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880  
  Abstract A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors  
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  Notes Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 100 Serial 866  
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Author Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K. url 
  Title (up) Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 283-298  
  Keywords ibex; leopard; snow-leopard; blue-sheep; Asiatic-ibex; asia; Himalayas; India; Himalaya; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; panthera; uncia; Pseudois; nayaur; Capra-ibex; parks; reserves; conservation; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; pseudois nayaur; capra; Asiatic; 790  
  Abstract Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in C Ladakh, decreased southward toward the crest of the Himalaya, and was least on the S side of the main Himalaya. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the N of the main Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopard occur throughout NW India. The stronghold of this species in India is apparently the trans- Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a snow leopard recovery programme of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopard, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves. -from Authors  
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  Notes Full text at URLDocument Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 174 Serial 297  
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Author Shrestha, R.; Wegge, P.; Koirala, R.A. url 
  Title (up) Summer diets of wild and domestic ungulates in Nepal Himalaya Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 266 Issue Pages 111-119  
  Keywords argali; blue sheep; Capra hircus; diet; faecal analysis; fecal analysis; mountain ungulates; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; pseudois nayaur  
  Abstract The selection of summer forage by three sympatric ungulates in the Damodar Kunda region of upper Mustang in

north Nepal was studied to assess the extent of food overlap between them. To compare their diets, a microhistological technique of faecal analysis was used, adjusted for inherent biases by comparing it with bite-count data obtained in domestic goats. Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni, naur (blue sheep or bharal) Pseudois nayaur and domestic goat Capra hircus consumed mostly forbs, graminoids and browse, respectively. The proportions of food items in their diets were significantly different both at the plant species (P<0.02) and at the forage category level (P<0.001). Except for sharing three common plants (Agrostis sp., Stipa sp. and Potentilla fruticosa), dietary overlap at the species level was quite low. At the forage category level, naur and domestic goat overlapped more than the other ungulate pairs. Although all three species were opportunistic, mixed feeders, argali was a more selective forb specialist grazer than the other two ungulates. Owing to some spatial separation and little dietary overlap, interspecific competition for summer forage was low. If animal densities increase, however, goats are expected to compete more with naur than with argali because of their more similar diets. Owing to differences in forage selection by argali and naur throughout their large geographical ranges, reflecting adaptations to local ecological conditions, inferences regarding forage competition between domestic livestock and these two wild caprins need to be made from local, site-specific studies, rather than from general diet comparisons.
 
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  Publisher The Zoological Society of London Place of Publication London Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 934 Serial 888  
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Author Moheb, Z., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Ostrowski, S., Zahler, P. I., Fuller, T. K. pdf 
  Title (up) Using double-observer surveys to monitor urial and ibex populations in the Hindu Kush of Wakhan National Park, Afghanistan Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-7  
  Keywords Capra sibirica, density, double-observer survey, herd composition, herd size, Ovis vignei, ungulates, viewshed  
  Abstract We surveyed the urial Ovis vignei and Siberian ibex Capra sibirica in the Hindu Kush mountain range of Wakhan National Park in north-eastern Afghanistan to determine their population status and identify potential drivers of population change. We conducted two double- observer ground surveys, in April–May 2015 and 2018, in 10 areas (total = 288 km2). Urial herds were mostly com- posed of both sexes (78% of observed herds), the mean adult sex ratio (females:males) was 100:70, and the mean female:juvenile ratio was 100:53. In 2018 we calculated a urial density of 35/100 km2, compared to 72/100 km2 in 2015. Ibex herds were mostly (79%) composed of both sexes, the mean adult sex ratio (females:males) was 100:103, and the mean female:juvenile ratio was 100:58. Ibex density estimates were similar in 2015 and 2018 (c. 250/100 km2). We discuss the usefulness of the double-observer methods for ungulate surveys, highlight the value of viewshed calculations and discuss the possible causes of urial population decline. To ensure the conservation of these ungulate populations, we recommend continued regular monitoring, measures to address poaching and research to clarify the taxonomical status of urials in Wakhan.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1707  
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Author Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. url 
  Title (up) Winter Daily Activity Rhythm and Time Budget of Ibex(Capra ibex) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords activities; activity; capra ibex; Daily activity rhythms; ibex; Time budget; Tomor Protected Area; winter; Xinjiang  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 868 Serial 1035  
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