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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title (up) Soils. Plants and animals. Vertical zones Type Miscellaneous
Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 21-41
Keywords Kazakhstan; Aklu Jabagly nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; researching; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 7340; Russian
Abstract A description of the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 238 birds, 42 mammals, 9 reptiles and 2 fishes. Snow leopard inhabited in the nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Aksu Jabagly nature reserve. Guidebook for nature reserve. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 712 Serial 579
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Author Yazan Yu.P.
Title (up) The Almaty state nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 162-164
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; insects; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8590; Russian
Abstract History of the Alma-Ata nature reserve establishment, its location physical and geographic data, climate, and vegetation zones are described. Fauna of the protected area is represented by 64 mammal species, and about 200 bird species. Briefly described are behavioural patterns of roe deer, moral, wild boar, Siberian ibex, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, and marten, and other mammals of the mountainous area.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 836 Serial 1058
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Author Ale, S.; Brown, J.
Title (up) The contingencies of group size and vigilance Type Miscellaneous
Year 2007 Publication Evolutionary Ecology Research, Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue Pages 1263-1276
Keywords attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy
Abstract Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.

Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.

Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?

Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.

Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 886 Serial 53
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Author Chumakova A.V.
Title (up) The Kyzylsu, Miraki, and Markakol nature reserves Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 153-155
Keywords Central Asia; nature reserves; Kysylsu nature reserve; Miraki nature reserve; Markakol nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; researching; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 6470; Russian
Abstract A description of the Kyzylsu, Miraki, and Markakol nature reserves is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, vegetation, altitude zones, and fauna. In the Kyzylsu nature reserve there are 28 mammal species; in Miraki 23, and in Mirkakol 39. Snow leopard can be found in all the three nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 625 Serial 220
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