| Records |
| Author |
Green, M. |
Title  |
A check-list and some notes concerning the mammlas of the Langtang National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
77-87 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, Langtang National Park, Nepal |
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English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1227 |
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| Author |
Dhungel, S.K. |
| Title |
A glimpse of Sagarmatha: world's highest national park |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Tigerpaper |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
IX |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
11-14 |
| Keywords |
International-Snow-Leopard-Trust, Sagarmatha, Mt. Everest, Nepal |
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English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1210 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
| Title |
A high altitude survey of the Hongu valley with special emphasis on snow leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Hongu; Nepal; habitat; distribution; browse; 2360 |
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| Notes |
Unpublished report submitted to The Mountain Institute and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal. Date of Copyright: 1987 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 109 |
Serial |
438 |
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| Author |
Oli, M.K. |
| Title |
A key for the identification of the hair of mammals of a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology London |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
231 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
71-93 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; snow leopard; scats; Hair; diet; identification; Panthera-uncia; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 780 |
| Abstract |
Analysis of prey remains in scats, particularly hairs, in widely used to study diet of mammalian predators, but identification of hair is often difficult because hair structures vary considerably both within and between species. Use of photographic reference of diagnostically important hair structures from mammals occurring in a predator's habitat has been found to be convenient for routine identification. A photographic reference key was developed for the identification of hairs of the mammals known to occur in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. The key included a photographic reference of the diagnostic hair structures of nine species of wild and five species of domestic mammals. The cross-sectional appearance, shape and arrangement of medulla, the ratio of cortex to medulla, and the form and distribution of pigment in medulla and cortex were important diagnostic aids in the identification of hairs. |
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| Notes |
Document Type: English
Call Number: QL1 .J879 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 207 |
Serial |
745 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
| Title |
A preliminary habitat suitability model for the snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in West Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
43-52 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; Himalaya; habitat; browse; modeling; predator; prey; diet; reproduction; interspersion; cover; herders; livestock; habitat-suitability-model; Human; 2650 |
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| Notes |
Full text available at URL |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 404 |
Serial |
434 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R. |
| Title |
A radio-telemetry study of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Nepal with emphasis on conservation and predator-prey relations |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
March |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
snow leopard, Nepal, conservation, radio telemetry, prey |
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English |
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| Notes |
Draft |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1260 |
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| Author |
Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. |
| Title |
A Range-Wide Model of Potential Snow Leopard Habitat |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
51-56 |
| Keywords |
habitat; Gis; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Burma; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Russia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; parks; protected-area; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; 2620 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eight International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 313 |
Serial |
396 |
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| Author |
Fox, J.L. |
| Title |
A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URL |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 137 |
Serial |
294 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R. |
| Title |
Aboriginal hunting in West Nepal with reference to musk deer (Moschus moschiferous) and the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Biol.Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
63-72 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; hunting; poaching; predator; prey; browse; 3720 |
| Abstract |
Describes local hunting methods,economics of hunting and estimated impact on snow leopard populations. Comments on conservation measures taken by government of Nepal |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 55 |
Serial |
433 |
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| Author |
Hall, P.M., Cox, J.H. |
| Title |
Additional range inhabted by bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Nepal |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
1978 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-5 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, Nepal, bharal |
| Abstract |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1221 |
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| Author |
Fox, J.L. |
| Title |
An ecological survey of the proposed Langtang National Park |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Langtang; park; parks; reserve; refuge; reserves; Nepal; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 2340 |
| Abstract |
Reports probable sighn of snow leopard at two high elevation points in the Langtang National Park |
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English |
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| Notes |
A report to the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Office, Kathmandu, Nepal. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 26 |
Serial |
287 |
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| Author |
Thapa, K., Jackson, R., Gurung, L, Acharya, H. B., Gurung, R. K., |
| Title |
Applying the double observer methodology for assessing blue sheep population size in Nar Phu valley, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Wildlife Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-11 |
| Keywords |
blue sheep, density estimation, double observer counts, Nepal, Panthera uncia, prey abundance, Pseudois nayaur, snow leopard, viewshed mapping |
| Abstract |
This study was undertaken in spring, 2019 to assess the applicability of the double-observer survey method for estimating blue sheep Pseudois nayaur abundance in Nar-Phu valley of Manang District located in Annapurna Conservation Area of northern Nepal. Since counting large mammals in rugged mountain habitat poses a special challenge, we tested the efficacy of the double observer method for generating robust population estimates for this important protected area. The overall detection probability for observers (O1 and O2) was 0.94 and 0.91 for a total of 106 groups comprised of 2059 individual blue sheep. We estimated the area’s blue sheep population at 2070 (SE ± 168.77; 95% CI 2059–2405) for the 246.2 km2 of sampled habitat. We determined blue sheep to be widely distributed within the study area with a mean density of 8.4 individuals per km2 based on a total study area of 246.2 km2. We discuss demographic population structure and identify limitations when applying the double observer approach, along with recommending viewshed mapping for ensuring more robust density estimates of mountain-dwelling ungulates like blue sheep or ibex that inhabit extremely heterogeneous terrain which strongly influences sighting distances and overall animal detection rates. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1666 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R.; Nepali, H.S.; Sherpa, A.R. |
| Title |
Aspects of wildlife protection and utilization in the Makalu-Barun Conservation Area |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
76 |
| Keywords |
protected-area; conservation; park; parks; reserve; refuge; Nepal; Makalu-Barun; browse; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; makalu barun; makalu; barun; 3380 |
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| Notes |
The Makalu-Barun Conservation Project Working Paper Publication Series 11. Kathmandu, Nepal |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 170 |
Serial |
446 |
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| Author |
Kyes, R.; Chalise, M.K. |
| Title |
Assessing the Status of the Snow Leopard Population in Langtang National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-22 |
| Keywords |
status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; population; Langtang; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; biodiversity; research; study; Support; Islt; approach; Data; conservation; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; survey; distribution; abundance; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; programs; local; sign; pugmarks; scats; scat; primary; Himalayan; areas; area; Response; Pressure; domestic; domestic livestock; livestock; grazing |
| Abstract |
This project is part of an ongoing snow leopard study established in 2003 with support from the ISLT. The study involves a multifaceted approach designed to provide important baseline data on the status of the snow leopard population in Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal and to generate long-term support and commitment to the conservation of snow leopards in the park. The specific aims include: 1) conducting a population survey of the snow leopards in LNP, focusing on distribution and abundance; 2) assessing the status of prey species populations in the park; and 3) providing educational outreach programs on snow leopard conservation for local school children (K-8) living in the park. During the 2004 study period, snow leopard signs were observed (including pugmarks and scats) although somewhat fewer than in 2003. Similarly, the average herd size of the snow leopards' primary prey species in LNP (the Himalayan thar) was a bit lower than in 2003. There is speculation that the thar populations and the snow leopards may be moving to more remotes areas of the park perhaps in response to increasing pressure from domestic livestock grazing. This possibility is being addressed during the 2005 study period. |
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| Notes |
Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2004. University of Washington and Nepal Biodiversity Research Society/Tribhuvan University. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1072 |
Serial |
607 |
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| Author |
Fox, J.L.; Jackson, R.M. |
| Title |
Blue Sheep and Snow Leopards in Bhutan and Trans-Himalayan Nepal: Recent Status Evaluations and Their Application to Research and Conservation |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
blue; sheep; Nepal; snow; leopard; status; Himalaya; Himalayan; Bhutan; population; indices; conservation; monitoring; 4930 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Islt |
Editor |
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| Notes |
abstract onlyTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 479 |
Serial |
311 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G.; Shah, K.B. |
| Title |
Capture and Immobilization of wild snow leopards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
93-102 |
| Keywords |
capture; immobilization; trapping; browse; traps; snares; ketamine; hydrochloride; Nepal; research; 3370 |
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Full text at URL |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 169 |
Serial |
445 |
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| Author |
Heinen, J.T.; Metha, J.C. |
| Title |
Conceptual and legal issues in the designation and management of conservation areas in Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Environmental Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
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Pages |
21-29 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; protected area; management; browse; 70 |
| Abstract |
The modern era of wildlife and protected area conservation in Nepal began in 1973 with the passage of comprehensive legislation, and has evolved very quickly as new priorities and problems have emerged. Here we explore the legal and managerial development of conservation areas, a recently-defined category of protected area designed to promote conservation through local-level participation and development. A review of the Conservation Area Management Regulations of 1996 shows that there are several potential problems inherent in this designation. As written, the regulations move power from the government to organizations under governmental contract. Thus, management authority largely remains top-down from the standpoint of local users. We also question how well the designation will protect some sensitive wildlife species, since organizations do not have law enforcement authority under Nepalese legislation.
Despite these concerns, there have been several successful conservation area programmes in existence in Nepal since the 1980s and most of the issues addressed are surmountable with the current regulations, providing that several criteria are met. We propose that His Majesty's Government and organizations under contract develop more definitive methods of disbursing funds for local-level projects, and institute social impact assessments. In addition, more attention must be paid to wildlife law enforcement; independent assessments of important wild populations and unique habitats are needed. Finally, we discuss some broader issues that should be better addressed in Nepal and elsewhere, including cross-sectoral coordination within the government. |
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Document Type: English |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 361 |
Serial |
377 |
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| Author |
Ale, S. |
| Title |
Conservation of the snow leopard in Nepal |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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| Keywords |
Nepal; radio-collars; tracking; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; conservation; livestock; religion; folklore; blue-sheep; blue; sheep; browse; radio collars; radio; collar; collars; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; area; protected; areas; 4080 |
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English |
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| Notes |
Full text available at URL |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 2 |
Serial |
51 |
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| Author |
Dhungel, S. |
| Title |
Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
47-50 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 306 |
Serial |
241 |
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| Author |
Shrestha, R.; Wegge, P. |
| Title |
Determining the composition of herbivore diets in the Trans-Himalayan rangelands: A comparison of field methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Rangeland Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
512-518 |
| Keywords |
bite count; Bos grunniens; Capra hircus; diet; fecal analysis; feeding site examination; food habits; free ranging; Nepal; Ovis aries; trans-himalayan |
| Abstract |
In late summer, in a semi-arid mountain range in Nepal, we compared 3 field methods for determining the botanical composition of herbivore diets. Data were collected from the same animals belonging to 1 herd of domestic yak (Bos grunniens) and 2 herds of mixed smallstock, consisting of domestic goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries). Bite count, feeding site examination, and microhistological analysis of feces gave different estimates of forage categories and plant species in both animal groups. Because yaks grazed in other vegetation communities when not observed for bite-counts and feeding signs, the results from the latter methods could not be compared directly with that from fecal analysis. In smallstock, feeding site examination gave higher estimates of graminoids and lower estimates of shrubs than the other 2 methods, probably because all feeding signs on shrubs were not detected. Bite-counts and fecal analysis gave comparable results, except that forbs were underestimated by fecal analysis, presumably due to their more complete digestion. Owing to the difficulty in collecting samples that are representative of the entire grazing period and the problem of recording feeding signs correctly, both feeding site examination and bite-counts are unsuitable methods for studying the food habits of free ranging domestic and wild herbivores. Microhistological analysis of feces appears to be the most appropriate method, but correction factors are needed to adjust for differential digestion. The systematic use of photomicrographs improves the speed and accuracy of the fecal analysis. |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 935 |
Serial |
889 |
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| Author |
Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.K. |
| Title |
Diet of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology London |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
231 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
365-370 |
| Keywords |
predation; scats; prey; Nepal; blue-sheep; marmot; yaks; pika; livestock; diet; blue; sheep; browse; 770 |
| Abstract |
The diet of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was studied from 213 scats collected between April 1990 and February 1991 in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Seven species of wild and five species of domestic mammals were taken, as well as an unidentified mammal and birds. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were the most frequently eaten prey. Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) were also important, except in winter when they were hibernating. During winter, snow leopards ate more Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei) and domestic livestock. Yaks were eaten more frequently than other livestock types. |
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| Notes |
Document Type: English
Call Number: QL1 .J879 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 206 |
Serial |
744 |
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| Author |
Mehta, J.; Heinen, J.T. |
| Title |
Does community-based conservation shape favorable attitudes among locals? An empirical study from Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
165-177 |
| Keywords |
community-based; conservation; attitudes; attitude; local; study; Nepal |
| Abstract |
Like many developing countries, Nepal has adopted a community-based conservation (CBC) approach in recent years to manage its protected areas mainly in response to poor park-people relations. Among other things, under this approach the government has created new “people-oriented” conservation areas, formed and devolved legal authority to grassroots-level institutions to manage local resources, fostered infrastructure development, promoted tourism, and provided income-generating trainings to local people. Of interest to policy-makers and resource managers in Nepal and worldwide is whether this approach to conservation leads to improved attitudes on the part of local people. It is also important to know if personal costs and benefits associated with various intervention programs, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence these attitudes. We explore these questions by looking at the experiences in Annapurna and Makalu-Baran Conservation Areas, Nepal, which have largely adopted a CBC approach in policy formulation, planning, and management. The research was conducted during 1996 and 1997; the data collection methods included random household questionnaire surveys, informal interviews, and review of official records and published literature. The results indicated that the majority of local people held favorable attitudes toward these conservation areas. Logistic regression results revealed that participation in training, benefit from tourism, wildlife depredation issue, ethnicity, gender, and education level were the significant predictors of local attitudes in one of the other conservation area. We conclude that the CBC approach has potential to shape favorable local attitudes and that these attitudes will be mediated by some personal attributes. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 940 |
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672 |
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| Author |
Gurung, C.P. |
| Title |
Ecotourism: Nepal's Experience |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
170-177 |
| Keywords |
tourism; ecotourism; conservation; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; Nepal; development; management; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2980 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 311 |
Serial |
362 |
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Heinen, J.T.; Mehta, J. |
| Title |
Emerging issues in legal and procedural aspects of buffer zone management with case studies from Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Environment and Development |
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Pages |
45-67 |
| Keywords |
conservation; legal; management; Nepal; park; participatory; protected area; regulations |
| Abstract |
Buffer zones have been used as part of larger integrated conservation development programs to provide the benefits of ecological buffering of protected areas and socioeconomic buffering of neighboring communities. The authors explore the legal and managerial development of buffer zones internationally and with the passage of a conservation amendment in Nepal. A review of Nepal's buffer zone policies and several ongoing projects shows that there are several potential inherent problems. As written, regulations tend to expand the authority of the state by imposing restrictions in populated areas formerly not under control of park officials. Some participatory rights are provided to citizens, but management authority largely remains top down from the standpoint of local users. The authors question whether the managerial and research capacities exist to monitor buffer zones for their effectiveness both for conservation and development purposes and make several recommendations to improve implementation. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 939 |
Serial |
378 |
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| Author |
Karmacharya, D. |
| Title |
Field Protocol – Scat Collection for Genetic Analysis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2011 |
Publication |
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Pages |
1-11 |
| Keywords |
field protocol, scat collection, scat, genetic analysis, Nepal |
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Project funded by Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Center for Molecular Genetics, Nepal. |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1346 |
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