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Elkin K.F. (1979). Predatory mammals in the Eastern Kazakhstan.
Abstract: There are 20 predatory mammal species in eastern Kazakhstan, three of which disappeared (tiger, dhole, raccoon), five are endangered (snow leopard, wild cat, manul, marbled polecat, and stone marten). Snow leopard is not met in the South Altai and Tarbagatai each year.
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Burgelo T.B. (1986). Brief information of snow leopard.
Abstract: This article describes the encounters with snow leopard and their traces in various areas of Kazakhstan. In the Aksu Djabagly nature reserve, population of snow leopard does not exceed 10-12 animals. There were found remains of moral, argali, ibex, small birds, red-tailed marmot, hare (Lepus talai), mouse rodents and plants. One encounter with snow leopard is known to have occurred in the Greater Almaty Canyon in 1971-1981. There are no less than 25 snow leopards in the Jungar Ala-Tau. Snow leopard was found in the Aksu river valley, ridge Saur, and South Altai. The following number of snow leopards was kept in Kazakhstan's zoos, as of January 1, 1984: two males in Alma-Ata, one female in Chimkent. In 1976, one cub was born in the Alma-Ata zoo.
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Braden, K. (1994). The Snow Leopard in Independent Kazakhstan (Vol. xii). Seattle: Islt.
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Braden, K. (1992). The Outlook for Snow Leopard Protection in Four New Countries of Central Asia (Vol. x). Seattle: Islt.
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Green, M. J. B. (1994). Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations. In J.L.Fox, & Du Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 223–239). International Snow Leopard Trust and Chicago Zoological Society.
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Berezovikov N.N. (1982). Rare and endangered birds and animals of South Altai.
Abstract: This article describes distribution of snow leopard (Uncia uncia), argali (Ovis ammon), dhole (Cyon alpinus), and manul (Felis manul) in South Altai. Nine encounters with snow leopard and its traces were registered in 1966 1980, including two facts of catching and one of shooting the animal.
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Bekenov A.B. (2002). Fauna of mammals in the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”.
Abstract: Over 80 mammal species, nine of which are included in the Red Data Book (stone marten, marbled polecat, otter, manul, snow leopard, dziggetai, argali, bear), inhabit the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”.
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Bekenov A.B. (2002). About the IUCN categories and criteria for animals inclusion in Red Data Books and lists (project INTAS 99-1483).
Abstract: Uncia uncia in Kazakhstan is defined as EN C 2a(i); D1. The International Red List (2000) attributes this species to EN C 2a, which is an example of concurrence in the assessments at regional and global levels.
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Bekenov A.B. (1989). Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776 (Vol. Part1. Vertebrate animals.).
Abstract: There is one subspecies U.u.uncia in Kazakhstan. It is distributed in the Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur, South Altai, and preys mainly on ibex, roe deer, argali, and marmots. Its litter consists of one to five cubs (normally two three). Female bears once in two years.
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Bannikov A.G. (1966). Mountains of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan.
Abstract: The data on geographical location, plants and animals of mountain nature reserves of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan are given. Snow leopard and its preys (wild ibexes and sheep) were recorded in both Almaty and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves.
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Baidavletov R.J. (2002). Large predators of the Kazakhstan Altai and their importance for hunting industry.
Abstract: Fauna of large predatory mammals in the Kazakhstan Altai is represented by five species: wolf, bear, glutton, lynx, and snow leopard. Snow leopard inhabits the Sarymsakty and Tarbagai ridges and South Altai. This species is observed to regularly penetrate into the Kutun and Kurchum ridges. Its habitat covers an area of 1,800 sq. km, its population being 14-16 animals. The population density is 0.7 1.0 animals per 100 sq. km. A hunting area of a female animal with two cubs is 45 85 sq. km; a male 120 sq. km. Snow leopard main preys on ibex (41.1 percent), roe-deer (31.0 percent), and moral (13.8 percent); in summer on gray marmot (28.6 percent). Snow leopard is also known to prey on hares, birds, argali, and elks.
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Anonymous. (1999). Protection Funded for Himalayan Snow Leopards, Bears.
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Anonymous. Central Asian Republic Snow Leopard Specialists Plan Joint Conservation Strategy.
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Annenkov, B. P. (1990). The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in the Dzungarsky Alatau. (pp. 21–24).
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Jizeng, D., Ji-peng, J., Chang-xin, Z., & Freeman, H. (1994). Opening Remarks to Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.),. Usa: Islt.
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Kovshar A.F. (1972). Soils. Plants and animals. Vertical zones.
Abstract: A description of the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 238 birds, 42 mammals, 9 reptiles and 2 fishes. Snow leopard inhabited in the nature reserve.
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Kovshar A.F. (1969). Aksu Jabagly nature reserve.
Abstract: In territory of reserve and surrounding foothills 238 birds, 42 mammals, 9 reptiles, 2 amphibious and 2 fishes are registered. The mammal: argali, wild ibex, roe deer, red deer, a wild boar, snow leopard, steppe cat, a stone marten, ermine, red fox, badger, long-tailed marmot and Menzbier's marmot. Irbis is rare in reserve. Ibexes (numerous spesies) and wild sheep are main prey of the snow leopard. With the beginning of ibexes migration snow leopards follow them.
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Koshkarev, E. (2002). Strategy of Snow Leopard Conservation in Russia (and in Boundary Territories of Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan).. Islt: Islt.
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Koshkarev, E. (2000). What Has Happened to the Snow Leopard After the Break-Up of Soviet Union? Snow Line, Xvi.
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Koshkarev, E. (1994). Poaching in Former USSR (Vol. xii). Seattle: International Snow Leopard Trust.
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Koshkarev, E. (1994). Evaluation of the presence of snow leopard and ibex in Southern Siberia. In J.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 17–27). Seattle/USA: Islt.
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Koshkarev E.P. (1990). Key areas of snow leopard's habitat as main conservation objects (Vol. Part. 1.).
Abstract: The most vulnerable key areas within the snow leopard habitat are East Kazakhstan (an area of 48,000 square km) with no protected areas network established, and South Siberia (131,000 square km), where snow leopard is protected in three nature reserves. These areas are distant from main part of the habitat, isolated and have more extreme conditions. In Central Asia's key area (213,000 square km) linked to a main Chinese-Afghani part of the habitat, snow leopard was found in 11 nature reserves and two national parks. For reliable protection of this species it would be expedient to strengthen the role of the mountain nature reserves by means of extension and amalgamation of the areas, and other measures.
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Kolbintsev V.G. (2001). Modern status of endangered vertebrates in Aksu Jabagly nature reserve (Vol. Vol.8.).
Abstract: Data on number of several endangered vertebrates inhabiting in Aksu Jabagly nature reserve in 1990-2000 are given. Number of snow leopard is rather stable and evaluated as 2-3 pairs.
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Kolbintsev V.G. (1990). The role of the Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve in the vertebrate animals gene pool conservation (Vol. Part 3.).
Abstract: The Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve is a real guarantor for conservation of gene pool of five species Tien Shan bear, golden eagle, bearded vulture, Blue whistling thrush, and probably Central Asia stone marten. To strengthen the role of the nature reserve in the rare species conservation it is necessary to extend its area to a number of additional land plots belonging to forestries.
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Kamelin, R. V. (1990). Gissar Nature Reserve. The reserves in Middle Asia and Kazakstan. Moscow.
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