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Author Schaller, G.B.
Title Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Biological-Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 53-71
Keywords Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880
Abstract A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors
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Notes Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 100 Serial 866
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Author Schaller, G.B.; Jurang, R.; Mingjiang, Q.
Title Status of snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) in Qinghai-Province and Gansu Province-China Type Journal Article
Year 1988 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 179-194
Keywords status; population; China; Qinhai-province; Gansu-province; conservation; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; prey; ungulates; blue-sheep; marmot; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; qinhai province; qinhai; province; gansu province; gansu; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 860
Abstract The status and distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia was investigated in two provinces of China. The cats occur over about 65,000km2 or 9% of the Qinghai Province, and in a few places along the western edge of Gansu Province. In many areas the animals have in recent decades been decimated or locally eradicated, as have their prey. Counts of wild ungulates in 9 mountain block, totalling 1375km2, known for abundant wildlife, had an average of 1.4-5.4 animals km2, principally blue sheep Psuedois nayaur, which together with marmot Marmota himalayana, represent the snow leopards main prey. Possibly 650 snow leopards survive in Qinghai but shooting and trapping of this legally protected animal and the hunting of blue sheep for local consumtion and export threaten their existence.
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Notes Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 113 Serial 867
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Author Schaller, G.B.; Tserendeleg, J.; Amarsana, G.
Title Observations on snow leopards in Mongolia Type Conference Article
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 33-42
Keywords Mongolia; gobi; Altay; Altai; survey; surveys; habitat; scrapes; markings; feces; spray; distribution; status; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; activity; conservation; home-range; protected-areas; movements; predator; prey; diet; livestock; herders; ibex; argali; hunting; poaching; trapping; killing; browse; home range; protected areas; protected; 2710
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.Fox; D.Jizeng
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard TrustPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 258 Serial 870
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Author Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Smith, R.C.; Lewis, C.R.
Title Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone, and sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the leopard (Panthera pardus) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1988 Publication Journal of Reproductive Fertility Abbreviated Journal
Volume 82 Issue Pages 43-49
Keywords captive; Ovulation; Panthera pardus; Progesterone; Serum; sexual behaviour
Abstract Three mature nulliparous female leopards were studied for 5 years. During three separate 6-month periods serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals. Oestradiol was elevated over 21 pg/ml for 54 weeks during these 3 periods, and 36 oestradiol peaks (65\m=.\8\m=+-\6\m=.\3pg/ml (mean \m=+-\s.e.m.), range 21\p=n-\172pg/ml) were identified. Daily frequency of feline reproductive behaviours averaged over each week increased from 1\m=.\9\m=+-\0\m=.\2(n = 93) during weeks with low serum oestradiol concentrations (<21 pg/ml) to 5\m=.\3\m=+-\0\m=.\6(n = 54) during weeks when serum oestradiol concentrations (>21 pg/ml) were high. Increased serum progesterone concentrations (13\p=n-\98n/gml) were observed on 5 occasions in 2 leopards housed together. These presumptive luteal phases lasted from 1 to 5 weeks. Baseline progesterone values were 1\m=.\6\m=+-\0\m=.\4 ng/m(nl= 131). No progesterone increments were observed in isolated animals, and serum concentrations remained at baseline levels. These limited observations suggest that female leopards do not require intromission to induce ovulation and luteal function. The average interval between oestradiol peaks for cycles with no progesterone increment was 3\m=.\4weeks (range 1\p=n-\6weeks). The interval for the 3 complete cycles associated with elevated progesterone concentrations was 7\m=.\3weeks. Analysis of sexual behaviours over the 5-year study period revealed no evidence of seasonality in these

captive leopards.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 923 Serial 873
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Author Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Lewis, C.R.
Title Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and frequency of sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal
Volume 98 Issue 1 Pages 91-95
Keywords Animal; Animals; zoo; physiology; Carnivora; Estradiol; Blood; estrus; Female; Progesterone; Seasons; Sex; behavior; Support; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; us; government; gov't; 490
Abstract Serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals for six months, and correlated with daily behavioural observations in two adult female snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Three oestradiol peaks (> 21 pg ml-1; interval 3.6 weeks) were identified in a snow leopardess housed alone (two more were probably missed because of the weekly sampling schedule), and three oestradiol peaks were identified in a snow leopardess housed with a male as a breeding pair (interval 6 weeks). Daily frequencies of feline reproductive behaviour averaged 1.77 observations per observation period during weeks of high oestradiol and 0.62 during weeks of low oestradiol. Progesterone concentrations did not rise above baseline values (< 2 ng ml-1) in the isolated animal, but 6 weeks of high progesterone concentrations (4.9- 38.8 ng ml-1) was recorded in the paired snow leopardess following mating. No offspring were produced. Snow leopards were observed daily for an additional 4.5 years. Sexual behaviour peaks could be clearly identified from December through April, and average daily sexual behaviour scores were higher during these months than during the rest of the year. Intervals between sexual behaviour peaks for the isolated snow leopardess averaged 3.03 weeks. The sexual behaviour of the paired snow leopards decreased for 8-9 weeks following mating when no offspring were produced, and decreased for 13 weeks in one year when a single cub was born.
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ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 204 Serial 874
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Author Schmidt, R.E.; Eisenbrandt, D.L.; Hubbard, G.B.
Title Tyzzer's disease in snow leopards Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication J Comp Pathol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 94 Issue 1 Pages 165-167
Keywords Animal; Animals; Newborn; zoo; Bacillus; Bacterial; Infections; pathology; veterinary; Carnivora; Liver; browse; 330
Abstract Tyzzer's disease was diagnosed histologically in 2 litters of newborn snow leopard kittens. The gross and histological lesions were similar to those reported in domestic cats and other animals. No signs of illness was noted in either of the snow leopard dams.
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ISSN 0021-9975 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 67 Serial 875
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Author Severtsov N.A.
Title Travel within Turkestan region and mountain country Tien Shan survey Type Miscellaneous
Year 1873 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 152
Keywords tien shan; snow leopard; records.; 8110; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard Felis irbis Ehrb inhabits in Tien Shan. Irbis was recorded in around of Issykul lake.
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 789 Serial 877
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Author Severtsov N.A.
Title Animals. Mammalia. Typical mountain animals. Taxonomic tables of the Turkistan fauna Type Miscellaneous
Year 1953 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 20, 29-38, 104-105
Keywords Centarl Asia; geographical zones; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8120; Russian
Abstract Geo-botanic and zoogeographical description of altitude landscape zones of Central Asia is given. Snow leopard (Felis irbis), ibex (Capra sibirica), brown bear (Ursus leuconyx), dhole (Canis alpinus) and others (10 species in total) are vertically distributed (2,348 3,048 m) in the deciduous forest, fir forest and alpine meadow zones.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vertical and horizontal distribution of Turkistan animals (printed according to the edition of 1873). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 790 Serial 878
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Author Sheikin A.O.
Title Fleas of the carnivores of Kazakhstan (preliminary results of the data 1970-1888) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 353-361
Keywords Kazakhstan; carnivores; ectoparasites; fleas; snow leopard.; 8130; Russian
Abstract The analysis of the data of national collection of Parasitological museum of Kazakh Antiplague Institute on ectoparasites from 12 species of carnivores that can be found in Kazakhstan: caracal, snow leopard, ermine, mountain weasel etc. helped to determine the species of fleas and their hosts specialization. Fleas were found on 57 animals/ 50 species of fleas were found, which can be specified to 23 genera, the total number is 525. The specific ones for the carnivores are 6 species fleas. The very low density of ectoparasites was indicated for caracal and snow leopard.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 791 Serial 882
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Author Shnitnikov V.N.
Title Rocks and taluses. Alpine meadows. Economic value of local animals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1934 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. 1. South Kazakhstan. Issue Pages 86-88
Keywords Kazakhstan; mountains; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8140; Russian
Abstract It reviews fauna of rocks, taluses, and alpine meadows of South Kazakhstan. The most typical mammal of rocks and taluses are picas (I¤hotona rutila and I. macrotis), ibex (¥…dr… sibirica), and snow leopard (Felis irbis). Besides, snow leopard, along with Tien Shan bear (Ursus l†u¤Œn¢o), ibex, mountain wolf (¥uŒn alpinus) and others, is met in the alpine meadow zone. Zoo-export of snow leopards to the zoos does not result in extermination of the animals but generates income. Various animal species are subject to trade as zoos do not limit their collections with some specific species or groups; quite the contrary they are interested in obtaining each species. Valuable animals exported from Kazakhstan are tiger, snow leopard, Tien-Shan bear, argali, and mountain wolf. The latter costs 1,000 roubles in gold, and argali even 1,500 roubles.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 792 Serial 885
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