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Bo, W. |
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Title |
Illegal Trade of Snow Leopards in China: An Overview |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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zoo; collection; illegal; poaching; snow; leopard; trading; pelts; pelt; skin; bone; meat; trapping; 5110 |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 497 |
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177 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy, N.A. |
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Title |
Subgenus Leopardus |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1935 |
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100-101 |
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Ussr; leopards; snow leopard; distribution; features.; 6300; Russian |
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Snow Leopard Felis (Leopardus) uncia S c h r † b., 1778 is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia, Turkmenistan (very rare) and Turkestan, on Tarbagatay, Altay, Sayans and in Uriankhay area. Subspecies haven't been described. Body length is about 130 cm, tail length 90 cm. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guide on hunting-game animals of USSR. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 608 |
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178 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
The mountains of Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1951 |
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382 |
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Central Asia; zoogeography; mountain fauna; snow leopard.; 6320; Russian |
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Given is a general characteristic of fauna complexes in the mountains of Central Asia (Jungar Ala-Tau, Tien Shan, Hissar Alai, Kopet-Dag), peculiarities of animal distribution in association with folded mountain relief, vertical zoning, anthropogenic influence and importance of mountain fauna for human beings. It provides a description of main animal groups and is an effort of zoning fauna of the mountains of Central Asia. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geography of animals (a course of zoogeography). |
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SLN @ rana @ 610 |
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179 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
Mountains of Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1967 |
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296-321 |
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Middle Asia; mountain; tien shan; Pamir; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Kopet-Dag ridge; Animals; plants; Issyk-Kul lake; Sary-Chelek; spiders; birds; lizards; marmots; wild sheep; ibex; snow leopard.; 6330; Russian |
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It provides a zoogeographical description of Central Asia mountains: Tien Shan (west and east), Pamir, the Turkestan and Hissar ridges, and ruinous mountains in Kyzylkum. Distribution of various animal species over the area under study is described. Data concerning Central Asia sheep, ibex, and snow leopard in the alpine meadow zone, and data concerning the otter (in the Tupalang river basin) and grey partridge is presented. The author noted that generally fauna of Tien Shan, Hissar, and Pamir is similar to that of Inner Asia. The other type of fauna more similar to that of Transcaucasia is typical for Kopet-Dag. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna and nature of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 611 |
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180 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
Preditors (Carnivora). The mountains of Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1938 |
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233-234 |
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Central Asia; mountain system; fauna; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 6340; Russian |
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It describes fauna of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Hissar mountains of Central Asia. The mountains of Central Asia. Ibex (Capra sibirica) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia) are listed among other inhabitants of highlands in Tien Shan and Pamir Hissar. |
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1938 |
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Russian |
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Full text available in Russian Journal Title: A course of zoology. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 612 |
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181 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
Mountains of Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1946 |
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417-427 |
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Central Asia; mountains; hauna; snow leopard.; 6350; Russian |
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A general description of fauna complexes of Central Asia's mountains (Djungar Ala-Tau, Tien-Shan, Gissar, Pamir, Kopet-Dag, Greater Balkhans) is given. A review of main animal groups and an attempt to zone fauna of Central Asia's mountains are made. Fauna of Central Asia's highlands with its specific variety of species (snow leopard, ibex, argali, snow cock and others) is western outpost of Inner Asia's mountain fauna. Snow leopard inhabits highlands of Djungar Ala-Tau, East and West Tien Shan, Bukhara and East Pamir. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geography of animals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 613 |
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182 |
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Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard (Felis uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1961 |
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246-247 |
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Uzbekistan; snow leopard; distriburion; life history; diet; use.; 6360; Russian |
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In Uzbekistan, this species is distributed in spurs of Tien Shan and Gissar. It preys on ibex, rarer on argalis, roe-deers, young wild boars. In winter, it attacks livestock and sometimes feeds upon marmots and smaller rodents. Snow leopard attacks man very rarely, only when wounded. The economic significance of this species is low, since only few skins are traded. Its dressed skins are used as rugs. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 614 |
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183 |
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Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
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Title |
The Chatkal state mountain forest biosphere reserve. The Hissar nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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11-28 |
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Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; Hissar nature reserve; birds; mammals; amphibians; reptiles; plants; rare species; numerous species; snow leopard.; 6370; Russian |
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In a popular form it describes the origination, nature and fauna of the Chatkal nature reserve. Habitats and ecology of Menzbier's marmot, water-snake, forest dormouse, and fox are described. It also indicates mammal and bird species listed in the Red Book of the USSR black vulture, griffon vulture, bearded vulture, golden eagle, snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, and Tien-Shan brown bear. There are 23 mammal species in the Hissar nature reserve. Ecology of snow leopard and Siberian mountain ibex is described. In the year 1977, 15 Turkestan lynx, about 25 Tien-Shan brown bears, five to seven snow leopards, and 120 150 Siberian mountain ibex were counted in the nature reserve. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Uzbekistan. Stories of naturalist. |
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SLN @ rana @ 615 |
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184 |
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Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis Uncia Uncia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1992 |
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76-80 |
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Ussr; Uzbekistan; Pamir; tien shan; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Chatkal ridge; juniper forest; snow leopard; species range; hunting; behavior; diet; reproductive activity; number; ibex; mountain sheep.; 6380; Russian |
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Snow leopard and its habitat within the USSR and Uzbek SSR are described. Its habitat in the Chatkal and Hissar ridges are described too. Given are data concerning alimentary biology, reproduction, and attitude to man. Female snow leopards become mature at the age of two three years, male at the age of four years. Reproduction occurs once every two years. Presumably, there are 10 animals in the country. Snow leopard is protected in four nature reserves in Uzbekistan and a number of nature reserves in neighbour countries. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals of Uzbekistan. Encyclopedic reference book. |
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SLN @ rana @ 616 |
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185 |
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Author |
Bower, J.N. |
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Title |
Shy, elusive, struggling to survive: the snow leopard |
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1983 |
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The Explorer |
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9-11 |
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snow leopard |
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SLN @ rana @ 985 |
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187 |
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Author |
Bowling, B. |
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Title |
The Legal Status of Snow Leopards in Afghanistan |
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2004 |
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legal; snow leopard; Afghanistan; Cities; Cbd; Convention on Biological Diversity; 5740 |
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United Nations Environment Programme |
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SLN @ rana @ 502 |
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188 |
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Author |
Braden, K. |
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Title |
Snow leopard conservation in the USSR |
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1988 |
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Snow Line |
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Fall |
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2-2 |
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conservation; snow leopard; Ussr |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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SLN @ rana @ 962 |
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191 |
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Author |
Brem A.E. |
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Title |
Irbis, or snow leopard (Felis uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1992 |
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Vol.1. Mammals. |
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204-205 |
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snow leopard; distribution; identification features.; 6390; Russian |
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Snow leopard is met in the mountains of Turkistan, Altai, Bukhara, Pamir, Kashmir, and Tibet, and probably in South-East Siberia and along Sungari. In 1871, two animals were living in the Moscow Zoo Garden. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Life of animals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 617 |
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195 |
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Broder, J.; MacFadden, A.; Cosens, L.; Rosenstein, D.; Harrison, T. |
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Use of Positive Reinforcement Conditioning to Monitor Pregnancy in an Unanesthetized Snow Leopard
(Uncia uncia) via Transabdominal Ultrasound |
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2008 |
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Zoo Biology |
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27 |
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78-85 |
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desensitization; fetal development; operant conditioning; pregnancy detection; primiparous; snow leopard; zoo |
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Closely monitoring snow leopard (Uncia uncia) fetal developments via transabdominal ultrasound, with minimal stress to the animal, was the goal of this project. The staff at Potter Park Zoo has used the principles of habituation, desensitization, and positive reinforcement to train a female snow leopard (U. uncia). Ultrasound examinations were preformed on an unanesthetized feline at 63 and 84 days. The animal remained calm and compliant throughout both procedures. Fetuses were observed and measured on both occasions. The absence of anesthesia eliminated components of psychologic and physiologic stress associated with sedation. This was the first recorded instance of transabdominal ultrasound being carried out on an unanesthetized snow leopard. It documents the feasibility of detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development via ultrasound. |
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SLN @ rana @ 905 |
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196 |
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Author |
Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. |
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Title |
Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids |
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1994 |
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Biology of Reproduction |
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50 |
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suppl 1 |
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185 |
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fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420 |
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Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994
Call Number: QP251 .B56 |
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SLN @ rana @ 203 |
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197 |
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Author |
Burgelo T.B. |
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Title |
Brief information of snow leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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54-55 |
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Kazakhstan; snow leopard; records; analysis of food remains; captive breeding.; 6400; Russian |
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This article describes the encounters with snow leopard and their traces in various areas of Kazakhstan. In the Aksu Djabagly nature reserve, population of snow leopard does not exceed 10-12 animals. There were found remains of moral, argali, ibex, small birds, red-tailed marmot, hare (Lepus talai), mouse rodents and plants. One encounter with snow leopard is known to have occurred in the Greater Almaty Canyon in 1971-1981. There are no less than 25 snow leopards in the Jungar Ala-Tau. Snow leopard was found in the Aksu river valley, ridge Saur, and South Altai. The following number of snow leopards was kept in Kazakhstan's zoos, as of January 1, 1984: two males in Alma-Ata, one female in Chimkent. In 1976, one cub was born in the Alma-Ata zoo. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 618 |
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201 |
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Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H. |
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Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo |
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2008 |
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Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
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11 |
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74-83 |
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behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo |
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This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing. |
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SLN @ rana @ 915 |
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202 |
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Author |
Bykova E.A. |
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Title |
Method of questionnaire design used for the collecting of primary data on threatened species with the example of snow leopard |
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2004 |
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208-214 |
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Uzbekistan; questionnaire based method; distribution; number; food; behavior; poaching; snow leopard.; 6410; Russian |
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Method of questionnaire design is used for long time successfully in the various fields of zoological research. This method is most significant for the collecting of data on threatened species. It can be applied together with standard inquest and survey methods without taking remarkable financial and temporal expenses. Such data can be assigned as the base for further planning of scientific investigations of the threatened species. In the result of survey, there were gathered 96 records of Snow Leopard and its tracks of the vital functions on Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkestan and Hissar ridges. Majority of records was made on Hissar ridge either on the area of Hissar reserve, either outside of protected area. There was collected data on distribution of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan, on its territorial and food behavior, cases and causes of poaching. As a conclusion, it seems to be rational to use the method of questionnaire design among rangers of protected areas and local inhabitants for the collecting of primary information on threatened animal species. It would be optimal to gather such data every 3-4 years that would allow receiving the fresh comparable year-by-year information. Interpretation of questionnaire data should be made with certain prudence, taking into account subjectivity of collected information. Therefore during gathering of questionnaire data it is desirable personal attendance of researcher for more accurate definition of answers on the presented questions. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 619 |
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205 |
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Author |
Chalise, M.K.; Shakya, P.R. |
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EDITORIAL: Snow Leopard Investigation in Langtang |
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2002 |
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Nahson Bulletin |
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12-13 |
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2002-2003 |
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1-1 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Langtang |
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Natural History Society of Nepal |
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Kathmandu |
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SLN @ rana @ 1097 |
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210 |
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Chalise, M.K. |
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Nepalka Samrakshit Banyajantu (Nepal's Protected Wildlife in Nepali language) |
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2008 |
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106-108 |
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government; language; leopard; leopards; Nepal; protected; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; wildlife |
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Shajha Prakashan |
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Lalitpur, Kathmandu |
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In Nepalese language only. Includes only the chapter on snow leopards and the book cover. The book is published by a government corporate house of publication. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1058 |
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211 |
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Chapron, G.; Legendre, S. |
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Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910 |
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Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics. |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 477 |
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213 |
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Cherkasova M.V. |
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Predators |
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1982 |
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15 |
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Ussr; Red Data book; mammals; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard.; 6420; Russian |
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Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: They must live. Mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 620 |
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215 |
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Chernogaev E.A. |
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Materials on rare and protected species of the Kyzylsu nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1978 |
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39-40 |
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Uzbekistan; Kyzylsu nature reserve; rare species; birds; mammals; snow leopard; poaching; human influence.; 6430; Russian |
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This survey was being done (May, 1975 February, 1976) in the new Kyzylsu nature reserve, established in 1975. Before 1975, the anthropogenic pressure was mainly represented by overgrazing and unregulated hunting. Provided are data on bird species (bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture, griffon vulture, golden eagle, and Himalayan snow cock), mammal species (long-tailed marmot, Indian porcupine, brown bear, lynx, snow leopard, and Siberian ibex). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 621 |
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216 |
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Chernogaev E.A. |
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Modern condition and number of animals in nature reserves of Uzbekistan |
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1996 |
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Issue 1. |
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23-34 |
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Uzbekistan; nature reserves; modern condition; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 6440; Russian |
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There is adducing information about number and modern condition of C.ferox, G.barbatus, A.chrisa‰tus, M.menzbieri, U.arctosisabellinus, L.lutra seistanica, H.hiena, F.lynx isabellina, U.uncia, C.elaphus bactrianus, G.subgutturoza, C.falconeri, O. ammon severtzovi, O. orientalis bochariensis and other species during last years in Chatkal, Nuratau, Hissar, Surkhan and Kyzylkum nature reserves. There is prognosis in changing of number. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of nature protected areas of Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 622 |
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217 |
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Chichikin Yu.N. |
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Ways to enrich game fauna of Kyrgyzstan |
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1968 |
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33-39 |
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Kyrgyzstan; game species; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 6450; Russian |
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In Kyrgyzstan, there are 106 mammal and 111 bird species. 40 mammal and 70 bird species are game ones. Resources of some of them were undermined due to over-hunting. Moral, goitered gazelle, pheasant have disappeared; argali, roe deer, and wild boar have become not numerous. In order to protect game fauna and regulate hunting of wild animals, hunting was prohibited at lake Issyk-Kul (1948); hunting for moral, goitered gazelle, swan, bar-headed goose, pheasant, snow leopard, bear, and argali was prohibited too (1952, 1956 and 1958). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Love and protect nature of Kyrgyzstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 623 |
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218 |
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